The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission was designed to find transiting planets around bright, nearby stars. Here we present the detection and mass measurement of a small, short-period ...(\(\approx\,4\)\,days) transiting planet around the bright (\(V=7.9\)), solar-type star HD 86226 (TOI-652, TIC 22221375), previously known to host a long-period (\(\sim\)1600 days) giant planet. HD 86226c (TOI-652.01) has a radius of \(2.16\pm0.08\) \(R_{\oplus}\) and a mass of 7.25\(^{+1.19}_{-1.12}\) \(M_{\oplus}\) based on archival and new radial velocity data. We also update the parameters of the longer-period, not-known-to-transit planet, and find it to be less eccentric and less massive than previously reported. The density of the transiting planet is \(3.97\) g cm\(^{-3}\), which is low enough to suggest that the planet has at least a small volatile envelope, but the mass fractions of rock, iron, and water are not well-constrained. Given the host star brightness, planet period, and location of the planet near both the ``radius gap'' and the ``hot Neptune desert'', HD 86226c is an interesting candidate for transmission spectroscopy to further refine its composition.
We report the discovery of a warm Neptune and a hot sub-Neptune transiting TOI-421 (BD-14 1137, TIC 94986319), a bright (V=9.9) G9 dwarf star in a visual binary system observed by the TESS space ...mission in Sectors 5 and 6. We performed ground-based follow-up observations -- comprised of LCOGT transit photometry, NIRC2 adaptive optics imaging, and FIES, CORALIE, HARPS, HIRES, and PFS high-precision Doppler measurements -- and confirmed the planetary nature of the 16-day transiting candidate announced by the TESS team. We discovered an additional radial velocity signal with a period of 5 days induced by the presence of a second planet in the system, which we also found to transit its host star. We found that the inner mini-Neptune, TOI-421b, has an orbital period of Pb =5.19672 +- 0.00049 days, a mass of Mb = 7.17 +- 0.66 Mearth and a radius of Rb = 2.68+0.19-0.18 Rearth, whereas the outer warm Neptune, TOI-421 c, has a period of Pc =16.06819 +- 0.00035 days, a mass of Mc = 16.42+1.06-1.04 Mearth, a radius of Rc = 5.09+0.16-0.15 Rearth and a density of rho_c =0.685+0.080-0.072 g cm-3 . With its characteristics the inner planet (rho_b=2.05+0.52-0.41 g cm-3) is placed in the intriguing class of the super-puffy mini-Neptunes. TOI-421b and TOI-421c are found to be well suitable for atmospheric characterization. Our atmospheric simulations predict significant Ly-alpha transit absorption, due to strong hydrogen escape in both planets, and the presence of detectable CH_4 in the atmosphere of TOI-421c if equilibrium chemistry is assumed.
We report on the characterization and mapping of 76 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for Lolium perenne. These markers are publicly available or obtained either from genomic libraries enriched ...for SSR motifs or L. perenne expressed sequence tag (EST) clones. Four L. perenne mapping populations were used to map the SSR markers. A consensus linkage map of the four mapping populations containing 65 of the SSR markers is presented, together with primer information and a quality score indicating the usefulness of the SSR marker in different populations. The SSR markers identified all seven L. perenne linkage groups.
This paper is a brief introduction to the different methods used to quantify the enteric methane emission from ruminants. A thorough knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods is ...very important in order to plan experiments, understand and interpret experimental results, and compare them with other studies. The aim of the paper is to describe the principles, advantages and disadvantages of different methods used to quantify the enteric methane emission from ruminants. The best-known methods: Chambers/respiration chambers, SF6 technique and in vitro gas production technique and the newer CO2 methods are described. Model estimations, which are used to calculate national budget and single cow enteric emission from intake and diet composition, are also discussed. Other methods under development such as the micrometeorological technique, combined feeder and CH4 analyzer and proxy methods are briefly mentioned. Methods of choice for estimating enteric methane emission depend on aim, equipment, knowledge, time and money available, but interpretation of results obtained with a given method can be improved if knowledge about the disadvantages and advantages are used in the planning of experiments.
Two 10-mer oligopyrimidine peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) were designed to interfere with IL-2Rα promoter expression by binding to the regulatory sequences overlapping SRF and NF-κB transcription ...factor sites. Specific complexes were formed on each target sequence, and clearly involved (1) Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds as shown by experiments in which the purine strand of a single or double-stranded target was substituted with 7-deazadeoxyguanosine, (2) P-loop formation on double-helical DNA as evidenced by susceptibility to a single-strand-specific nuclease. When formed on a single-stranded DNA target, these highly stable complexes were responsible for efficient physical blockage of T7 DNA polymerase elongation on the template DNA containing the target oligopurine sequence. On a double-stranded target, these complexes only formed at low ionic strength and were slowly dissociated at physiological ionic strength (pH 6.5) with a
t
1
2
of 6.5–7 h. The salt-dependent instability of preformed complexes on a plasmid target was probably the critical factor responsible for their lack of significant sequence-specific effect on IL-2Rα promoter activity inside living cells.
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