The article analyses the project of “Linguistic encyclopedia” of the 1930s. The concept of publication was designed by the famous historian and theoretician of linguistics R. O. Shor in the form of ...expanded memorandum to the Research Institute of linguistics. The idea of creating a “Linguistic encyclopedia” included in the context of scientific discussions, social and political situation of the 1920- 1930s and those tasks which arose before the Soviet scientists on the language construction, technique of learning languages of the southern regions of the country, the development of the General theory and methodology of linguistics. The author emphasizes obvious ideological nature of many statements, which testifies to the struggle of different directions in linguistics and the growing pressure of marrism. For the first time the original text of this project from the collection of the Archives of Russian Academy of Sciences is presented and commented. The paper solves an obscure problem in the history of linguistics and contributes to the objective understanding of the complex processes of linguistic sociology of science in the period of adaptation to the new conditions (discussions, repression of traditional comparative studies, fighting with “polivanovchshina”, etc.).
The article describes the history of the classification of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, which leads to Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease ‒ GOLD, a document describing all ...aspects of this disease which are currently known.
An experimental study of hydrogen/deuterium behavior in ferritic–martensitic stainless steels EP-450 (Cr13Mo2NbVB), EP-852 (Cr13Mo2VS), and RUSFER-EK-181 (Fe12Cr2WVTaB) is presented. The effect of ...displacement damage (dpa) resulting from irradiation with helium, hydrogen, and argon ions on features of deuterium detrapping and retention in steels was studied using ion implantation, nuclear reaction depth profiling, and thermal desorption spectrometry techniques. Numerical simulation on the basis of the continuum rate theory was applied for obtaining thermodynamic parameters of deuterium trapping and desorption in steels.
Aim. To assess the influence of losartan treatment for comorbid chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and arterial hypertension (AH) on arterial pressure variability (BP), diastolic function and ...remodelling of the left ventricle myocardium (LV).Material and methods. Totally, 50 patients with AH and COPD included, mean age 59,8±7,9 y. Depending on the level of mean-daily BP variability (BPV) patients were selected to subgroups with normal (n=15) and increased (n=35) BPV.Results. Patients with normal BPV had concentric hypertrophy type of LV and moderate diastolic dysfunction of LV mostly with relaxation disorder, but in COPD+AH with higher BPV patients there were more prominent structural and geometric LV disorders with tendency to eccentric LV hypertrophy, as more significant diastolic function disorders with the part of patients having pseudonormal diastolic dysfunction type.Conclusion. With inclusion of losartan to the protocol of patients’ treatment, there is decrease of structural impairment of the LV that is the lowering of end diastolic LV size, LV myocardial mass, increase of ejection fraction, increase of the number of patients having normal LV geometry, decrease of signs of diastolic dysfunction. In losartan prescription, there is better adherence of patients to treatment.
Stress-induced local polarization reversal was studied in La doped BiFeO
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ceramics under the action of Berkovich-type prism indentation. Piezoresponse force microscopy was used for detailed study of ...domain structure before and after local polarization reversal. Two mechanisms of domain formation under the action of the mechanical loading were revealed: (1) direct stress-induced and (2) stress mediated by grain clamping. Critical stress value for local polarization reversal was extracted from the dependence of the switched area on the applied loading force.
The kinematic viscosity of AlSi20 liquid alloy was measured by using the crucible rotating oscillation damping method, and the viscosity-temperature relation curve ν(T) in the temperature range of ...850∼1200K was obtained. The viscosity changed abnormally with temperature in the heating process, i.e., the viscosity turned from rapid increase to gradual decrease when the temperature increased to 1000∼1100 K, while the viscosity diminishes exponentially with temperature in the subsequent cooling process. The microscopic mechanism of the evolution of viscosity was analyzed from the viewpoint of the micro-inhomogeneity theory of metallic melts, and it was found that the destruction of the β-Si phase was the basic reason of the head-turning change of viscosity. The paper discussed the correlation of the viscosity and atomic density, which is thought that the viscosity corresponds to the atomic density to some extent. The abstract should be written in the past tense, because it refers to work which was already done. Any equations and references are not allowed. It must state the main object, scope, findings, describe the methodology, summarize the results and state the principal conclusions.
Despite continuous attempts to improve therapy, the outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia remain almost unchanged over last decades. Drugs made with a more complete understanding of the biology of acute ...myeloid leukemia do not equal the hopes for better prognosis. The best results are achieved only with high-dose chemotherapy, which is only possible for a limited number of patients. High phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of acute myeloid leukemia defines the relevance to develop personalized approaches to therapy, including those based on determination of individual drug sensitivity of blast cells.This article presents the results of developing an ex-vivo model of acute myeloid leukemia, as well as testing of two in vitro sensitivity assessment methods: evaluation of the genotoxicity of drugs in the micronucleus test and vitality and sensitivity to chemotherapy in sorted blast cells. Prospects of individualized therapy of acute myeloid leukemia were determined based on introduction into clinical practice and continuing the research.
Microloci of varying size with increased fluorescence were observed in L-RPl1 neuronal nuclei of snails using DNA-selective dye SYTO16. Application of serotonin and glutamate increased the number of ...small (<1 μ in diameter) microloci, while the number of medium and large (1-3 μ) loci decreased. Combined application of neurotransmitters produced more pronounced changes in the number of microloci compared to individual administration. RNA synthesis inhibitors abolished the effects of the transmitters. We hypothesized that the revealed small microloci of fluorescence are “active” DNA zones, where transcription of new genes are initiated.
In the theory of electroweak interactions, there is no prohibition on the existence of particles with a mass other than that of an electron, muon and tauon. The task is to search for a new particle ...in the mass range of 2-100 MeV. The search was performed using the photo material of the 2-m propane bubble chamber. The chamber has been exposed in a 10 GeV proton beam at the JINR Synchrophasotron. For its search, ~55 thousand stereo photos have been scanned. The events of the \(\gamma\) quantum conversion into a pair of charged particles have been analyzed. 50 anomalous events have been found in which one particle of the pair stops in the volume of the chamber, has an increased track density at the end of the range and, upon identification, detects a mass of ~ 8 MeV. The average value of the mass of the new particle is (8.5 \(\pm\) 2.5) MeV
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