Exosomes are considered a substitute for stem cell-based therapy for myocardial infarction (MI). FNDC5, a transmembrane protein located in the cytoplasm, plays a crucial role in inflammation diseases ...and MI repair. Furthermore, our previous study found that FNDC5 pre-conditioning bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) could secrete more exosomes, but little was known on MI repair.
Exosomes isolated from BMMSCs with or without FNDC5-OV were injected into infarcted hearts. Then, cardiomyocytes apoptosis and inflammation responses were detected. Furthermore, exosomes were administrated to RAW264.7 macrophage with LPS treatment to investigate its effect on inflammation and macrophage polarization.
Compared with MSCs-Exo, FNDC5-MSCs-Exo had superior therapeutic effects on anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis, as well as polarizing M2 macrophage in vivo. Meanwhile, the in vitro results also showed that FNDC5-MSCs-Exo decreased pro-inflammatory secretion and increased anti-inflammatory secretion under LPS stimulation, which partly depressed NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulated Nrf2/HO-1 Axis.
FNDC5-BMMSCs-derived exosomes play anti-inflammation effects and promote M2 macrophage polarization via NF-κB signaling pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 Axis, which may develop a promising cell-free therapy for MI.
Hydrovoltaic technology has attracted intense research interest due to its capacity to directly harvest green energy from water flow/evaporation. Carbon black (CB) and porous carbon materials (PCMs) ...are the two common types of materials used for hydrovoltaic devices due to their cost-effectiveness and sustainable availability. In this mini-review, the principle mechanisms for hydrovoltaic conversion based on CB and PCMs were discussed, and the latest progress on the development of hydrovoltaic devices was summarized. In addition, we analyzed the main factors affecting the performance of hydrovoltaic devices, and demonstrated their potential applications in various fields including sensors, power supply, water collection and desalination. Finally, some remaining challenges were discussed, and suggestions were given for the development of this emerging technology.
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In the sewage source heat pump (SSHP) system, which is used to recover the low-level thermal energy in oily sewage, the sewage heat exchanger is an important equipment to determine the heat exchange ...efficiency of the system. In this paper, an oily sewage source heat pump (OSHP) system experimental setup with a spray-type sewage heat exchanger as the evaporator was established. The effects of oil content, spray density and spray temperature on the flow patterns between horizontal tubes and heat flux of tube were investigated and analyzed. It was found that the critical spray density for transformation from droplet flow to column flow was increased to 0.109 kg m
−1
s
−1
for oily sewage, which was much higher than 0.082 kg m
−1
s
−1
of pure water for pure water, indicating that a much higher spray density was needed to maintain a higher heat transfer for oily sewage. With the increase in spray temperature of oily sewage, the critical spray density of flow pattern transformation from droplet flow to column flow was decreased from 0.137 kg m
−1
s
−1
at 46 °C to 0.082 kg m
−1
s
−1
at 65 °C. Besides, oily sewage had obvious lower heat flux than pure water, and the difference was enlarged with the increase in spray density. New heat transfer correlations obtained depending on Re and Pr numbers were proposed, showing more accurate predictions than previously reported models. Corresponding to the falling film flow pattern, a clear dividing between 0.055 and 0.082 kg m
−1
s
−1
for pure water and between 0.082 and 0.109 kg m
−1
s
−1
for oily sewage, for the tube surface temperature distribution for droplet flow and column flow was observed, indicating the significantly high heat transfer for column flow pattern compared with droplet flow.
Anaphora is the main linguistic means to establish discourse coherence, and anaphora resolution is the psychological process to maintain this coherence. Chinese discourse is characterized with ...providing multiplicity of linguistic clues to readers by employing various referential apparatuses such as pronoun anaphora, zero anaphora, and so on. As a way of avoiding repeated reference to an object that is mentioned beforehand, zero anaphora is frequently employed in discourse. The production and resolution of zero anaphora largely concerns some constraints underlying psychological mechanisms. We particularly focus on zero anaphora resolution in the present study to try to discover some specific aspects of the underlying mechanism, hoping to find out some factors unique to the resolution process. We designed the first two experiments to probe into the psychological reality when participants were presented with sentences containing either pronoun anaphora or zero anaphora or both under discourse condition with topic continuity in Experiment 1a and topic discontinuity in Experiment 1b. We did not find any significant difference in the reaction time between zero anaphora resolution and pronoun anaphora resolution, indicating that zero anaphora possibly works within the processing mechanism on which pronoun anaphora resolution depends. However, we found significantly longer time in reading the first sentence in any of the discourse, showing that the first-mention effect exists in anaphora resolution. We further explored the time course of zero anaphora resolution by measuring the reaction time during the period when participants read sentences that varied according to the location where zero anaphora occurred under two conditions: topic continuity (Experiment 2a) vs. topic discontinuity (Experiment 2b). The strategies of searching for the referential information were found divergent: the exhaustive searching strategy was adopted when the topics within a discourse were kept continuous and the heuristic searching strategy was employed when the topics were discontinuous. The design of Experiment 5 took the factor of voice type and situation consistency into consideration, investigating in what way do those factors influence the resolution of zero anaphora. The voice type, according to the results, plays a significant role for its exclusively close relationship with the first-mention effect.
Increased excitability and contractility of detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) cells are associated with overactive bladder (OAB), which is often induced by obesity. Small-conductance Ca
2+
-activated K
+
...(SK) channels regulate the excitability and contractility of DSM cells. Selective pharmacological activation of SK channels attenuates hyperpolarization and the decreased relaxation effect in DSM cells in obesity-induced OAB. However, additional data are needed to confirm the regulatory effect of SK channels on the function of DSM cells in obesity-related OAB. The tested hypothesis was that activation of SK channels decreases modulation of DSM function in a rat model of obesity-related OAB. Female Sprague Dawley rats were fed a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD), weighed after 12 weeks, and subjected to urodynamic study, patch-clamp electrophysiology, and isometric tension recording. The average body weight and incidence of OAB were increased in the HFD group. Patch-clamp studies revealed that pharmacological activation of SK channels with SKA-31 had attenuated hyperpolarization of DSM cells. In addition, isometric tension recordings indicated that SKA-31 decreased relaxation of spontaneous phasic contractions of DSM strips in the HFD group. Attenuated function of SK channels increased the excitability and contractility of DSM cells, which contributed to the occurrence of OAB, suggesting that SK channels are potential therapeutic targets for control of OAB.
Aiming at the problem of incomplete information covered by the bearing state discrimination using a single physical quantity as the data source, a characterization method based on the feature ...information fusion of multi-physical quantities including acceleration RMS and stiffness that are sensitive to the bearing operating state is proposed. The accelerated life test of the bearing is carried out through the bearing experiment bench, and the effect of different feature information fusion schemes to characterize the bearing state is compared, and the effectiveness of the method is verified. This paper also analyzes the different characteristics of the state evolution law between the bearing early failure caused by specific factors and the bearing reaching normal fatigue life, which provides a new method and idea for the maintenance strategy of rolling bearing such as condition-based maintenance.
Ever-evolving healthcare applications have witnessed a surge in the utilization of electronic health records (EHR) for predicting future patient diagnoses. While Graph Neural Networks have ...demonstrated that promise in modeling disease-patient relationships, challenges arise from the sparsity and imbalance of patient and diagnostic data. Moreover, the existing models face difficulties in learning the unique disease combination features of patients. To address these challenges, we proposed a novel disease. prediction architecture based on Contrastive Learning (CL) from interstructural and intrasemantic perspectives, rather than traditional CL methods. We generated an initial global static disease graph to directly represent the relationships. among all diseases and a local dynamic disease graph to capture the indirect latent disease relationships among different patients. Multiple CL tasks were designed to learn sparse and imbalanced potentials. Relationships Between Diseases. Interstructure graph CL was first proposed to sample a graph enhancement, based on the distribution of nodes in the global disease graph. To further explore the deep embedding space of the disease, an intra-view graph CL was introduced by injecting noise at the semantic level for robust graph comparison. Experimental validation on two real EHR datasets demonstrates the superior performance of the approach by comparing it with state-of-the-art models.
•Multi-view contrastive learning to address data sparsity in disease prediction.•Enhancing disease embeddings by structural and semantic contrastive learning views.•Global and local graphs synergistically extract complex patient-disease relationships.•Mining complex disease hierarchies through direct and indirect neighbor relationships in graphs.
Mental health concerns have become a common problem among college students. Studies have shown that college students have a higher depression rate than the general population. The effect of campus ...green spaces on college students’ mental health has been widely studied. However, the internal mechanism of campus green spaces affecting college students’ mental health is not fully discussed. The data came from a cross-sectional survey of 45 Chinese universities. This paper discussed the relationship between campus green spaces, academic achievement, and college students’ mental health. Depending on gender, college students displayed different levels of mental health. The prevalence of depression among female students was higher than among male students. The effect of campus green spaces on mental health was higher in males than females, while the effect of campus green spaces on academic achievement had little gender difference. We call for the construction, improvement, and renewal of campus green spaces in the future not only to meet the needs of different gender groups, but also to pay more attention to the needs of female college students and improve the differences in mental health, so as to improve the mental health of the whole college student population.
Horseshoe crab (order Xiphosura) has a large and thick carapace that has evolved as a protective tool to defend against predators and resist impacts from surf-zone turbulence. The naturally occurring ...spatial variation in the mechanical properties of the carapace cuticle need to be investigated to understand their regulatory mechanism and the underlying design strategies. In this work, we used a combination of high-resolution optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to evaluate the multiscale microstructure and elemental composition of the cuticle of tri-spine horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus). The moduli, ultimate strengths, and failure strains of the three individual layers and the entire cuticle were systematically characterized in both the dry and hydrated states. The failure behaviors and energy absorption of the cuticle involved stress stiffening, toughness mechanism and environmental adaptation were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively and then correlated with the morphological features in different cuticle regions. The mechanical properties are primarily influenced by the endocuticle thickness ratio; a higher thickness ratio corresponds to more stacking of the vertical lamellae, leading to a lower modulus, weaker strength, and greater elongation of the endocuticle. Radial energy is absorbed primarily by the endocuticle, with the energy absorbed in the radial direction being nearly twice that absorbed in the circumferential direction. This is attributed to the larger failure strain and relatively small decrease in the stress plateau in the radial direction. The findings provide a deeper understanding of how nature modulates the cuticle's mechanical properties and inspiration for developing high-performance synthetic composites.
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•Spatial gradients in mechanical properties of carapace cuticle were revealed.•The relationships between structural parameters and mechanical properties were studied systematically.•Energy absorption capacity of epicuticle, exocuticle and endocuticle were tested in circumferential and radial direction.
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