•Micronutrients crucially affect the growth, quality, and market value of horticultural crops.•Balanced micronutrient supply enhances fruit size, color, flavor, and overall yield.•Micronutrients ...enrich crop nutritional profiles and address global malnutrition concerns.•Effective micronutrient management can mitigate the global health and environmental challenges.
Horticultural crop quality is an important aspect of agricultural production because it directly influences customer preference, market value, and overall sustainability. Micronutrients are important for plant nutrition because they affect the growth, development, and quality of horticultural crops. This review provides an in-depth understanding of the role of micronutrients in horticultural crop quality and productivity. This study investigated the characteristics of micronutrients, their functions in plant growth and development, and the most prevalent micronutrient deficits in horticultural crops. This study discusses the obstacles and issues associated with each micronutrient treatment technique, including soil, foliar, and fertigation application. It also emphasizes the effects of micronutrients on horticultural crop quality, such as increased plant growth and yield, improvements in fruit quality attributes (size, color, and flavor), increased nutritional value and bioactive compounds, reduced postharvest losses, and extended shelf life. Micronutrient functions in plants have been studied, including absorption, transport, and accumulation, as well as interactions with other nutrients and signaling pathways. Recent research breakthroughs, such as studies on specific micronutrients, micronutrient interactions and synergies, innovative methods for micronutrient application and formulation, and developing technologies for micronutrient assessment, are also covered in this review. The practical consequences and recommendations for micronutrient management systems were investigated, as were concerns regarding sustainable and efficient micronutrient utilization and future research goals. Overall, this study underlines the importance of micronutrients in increasing crop quality and productivity, and the potential influence of future research on this subject.
Potentially superior to rare earth metal-containing electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction electrolysis, transition metal chalcogenides have yet to reach a catalytic activity that would ...allow them to be extensively adopted. In light of this, it is crucial to develop coherent designs for transition metal-based electrocatalysts on conducting polymer support to achieve high-efficiency OER. Herein, we present an easy solvothermal synthesis and exceptional catalytic performance of CoSe@gCN as an OER electrocatalyst in basic media. The synthesized materials were observed by various analysis. The phase composition confirmed by the X-rays diffraction (XRD) technique and further morphological analysis indicates the morphology of CoSe@gCN, which are considered responsible for revealing a great number of active spots and enhanced electrochemically active surface area. On the other hand, superior OER crusade and stability of the CoSe@gCN electrode with (overpotential of 174 mV, Tafel slope of 57 mV dec
−1
) in 1.0 M basic KOH are caused by the NF's excellent conductivity and highly porous framework, and a higher value of specific surface area. It also maintained high stability for almost 20 h, showing the higher OER activity in industrial application. As a result, our findings interpret that the transition metal chalcogenides with certain morphology can enhance electrocatalytic efficiency with graphitic carbon nitride, which demonstrates its potential for stable and sustainable energy production.
Graphical Abstract
Electrochemical water-splitting is not sparingly viable due to the slow anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The need to engineer and fabricate electro-catalysts of low over-potential for water ...oxidation necessitates using readily available technologies and precursors. In the present study, OER electro-catalyst with composition neodymium telluride hollow shells vaporized on Ni Foam (NdTe-HS/NF) is fabricated at a substantially lower energy cost than other abundant metal-containing catalytic structures. The catalytic system functions properly, starting the oxygen evolution process at an over-potential of 301 mV vs. RHE, attaining a current density of 10 mA cm
−2
and a modest Tafel slope of 91 mV dec
−1
is also achieved. This tafel slope value suggests the presence of an electron/proton transfer channel. The catalyst sustains a constant current density over lengthy periods of up to 9 h of water electrolysis testing. Because of an easily accessible production technique, NdTe-HS/NF maintains its integrity, form, and chemical profile even after several hours of nonstop water electrolysis.
The development of highly efficient models of Photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules is essential for optimized performance, evaluation and control of solar PV systems. The accurate estimation of PV ...cells parameters is a challenging task because of their non-linear characteristics. In this paper, an improved variant of Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA) is proposed for accurate estimation of PV cells and modules parameters. The proposed algorithm involves double exponential based dynamic switch probability and a dynamic step size function that mitigate the limitations of conventional FPA. The dynamic switch probability improves the overall performance of algorithm by maintaining a balance between local and global search, while dynamic step function controls the search speed which avoids premature convergence and local optima stagnation. Moreover, Newton Raphson Method is utilized for accurate computation of estimated current for optimum set of estimated parameters. The proposed methodology is evaluated using seven benchmark functions and three case studies; 1- RTC France silicon PV cell, 2- Photo-watt PWP-201 PV module and 3- a practical solar PV system (EAGLE PERC 60M 310W monocrystalline PV module) under different environmental conditions by estimating parameters for single and double diode models. The analysis of results indicates that, the proposed approach improves the convergence speed, precision, avoids premature convergence and stagnation in local optima of conventional FPA. Furthermore, comparative analysis of results illustrates that, the proposed approach is more reliable and efficient than many other techniques in literature.
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•Eu-MOF was used as precursor for Eu transition metal to fabricate EuZrSe3 via wet chemical method.•The EuZrSe3 displays an excellent specific capacitance of 1543 F g−1 at a current ...density of 3 A g−1.•The enhanced performance of the fabricated novel electrode is due to its huge electroactive surface area and excellent electrochemical conductivity and good morphology.•The resultant EuZrSe3 also has 93.58% retention efficiency after 10,000 cycle.
Recently, it has become more popular to use in-situ growth of transition metal chalcogenides for efficacious supercapacitor (SCs) applications. Metal-organic framework (MOF) is considered as a good source of precursor for a transition metal. Herein, Eu-MOF was used as a precursor for Eu transition metal to fabricate EuZrSe3 via the wet chemical method. The various physical and chemical characteristics such as X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), surface Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Brunner-Emmet Teller were utilized to study the phase orientation, crystallinity, morphology, and textual properties of fabricated material, respectively. All the electrochemical parameters like polarization curve (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) for estimating various parameters such as specific capacitance (Cs) around 1543 F/g & detected a remarkable energy density of 97 Wh/kg at a current density around 3.0 A/g in 2.0 M alkaline KOH electrolyte. Enhanced performance of the fabricated novel electrode owing to its huge electroactive surface area and excellent electrochemical conductivity and good morphology. Despite its greater specific energy (97 Wh/kg) and high-power density (658.8 W/kg), it also has 93.58 % retention efficiency after 10,000 cycles.
•A facile hydrothermal route was used to fabricated the Gd-doped Fe2O3.•The optimized material showed low Tafel slope value of 48 mV/dec.•Gd doped material also showed lower overpotential of 245 mV ...to achieve 10 mA/cm2 current density.•10% doping of Gd showed excellent stability up to 50 h.
Due to the slow four-electron transference, the electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is less effective at water splitting. Therefore, it is imperative to fabricate OER electrocatalysts that are highly active, durable, and scalable. Using in-situ hydrothermal growth, we preliminary grow hematite, and further gadolinium is doped on the already prepared iron oxide (Fe2O3) catalyst layer on the exterior of nickel foam (NF). This is done to produce a coral-like structure in three dimensions. According to electrochemical studies, the optimized Gd-Fe2O3 catalyst outperforms electrocatalytic OER catalysts as it requires only 245 mV to achieve 10 mA/cm2 current density, has a smaller Tafel slope (48 mV/dec) and is stable (10 mA/cm2 @50 h). The enhanced electrocatalytic performance results from coral-like three-dimensional shape that exposes more active sites and higher surface area. Future nanostructured novel catalysts for OER can be intelligently designed using the simple method employed in this study.
The discovery of highly active and cost-effective materials capable of catalyzing the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is essential for water splitting. In the present study, we developed a new method ...for producing the structural components of advanced non-precious metal electrocatalysts NiS/CeS nanocomposite supported on stainless steel strip (SSS) represented as NiS/CeS/SSS that are both innovative and practical. To accomplish a current density of 10 mA cm
−2
, the NiS/CeS/SSS requires OER overpotential of 289 mV, which is smaller than the pure NiS/SSS (319 mV) and CeS/SSS (309 mV), and with enhanced stability of 40 h tested in 1.0 M KOH electrolyte. The higher efficiency of OER is due to the strong electrical contacts between NiS/SSS and CeS/SSS, the availability of active centers, and also the lower charge transfer resistance.
Metal sulfide and oxides have drawn interest as economical substitutes to noble metal catalysts due to their ability for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activities. The inability of many sulfides and ...oxide nanocomposite materials has been produced in recent years to significantly boost their low OER activity. In the current study, we fabricated a novel lanthanum sulfide (La
2
S
3
) nanocrystal decorated on zirconium dioxide (ZrO
2
) nanoflakes for OER electrocatalyst. The composite attains a low overpotential of 280 mV at a current density of 10 mA/cm
2
and outstanding stability of 30 h. The increased catalytic activity of the Zr-O–O superoxo group is responsible for the transfer of electron tendency from La species to ZrO
2
, which favors the rupture of the bond of Zr–O in the steady arrangement. Hence, the present work developed an efficient La
2
S
3
-decorated ZrO
2
-based oxygen evolution electrocatalyst instead of using rare earth viable catalysts like ruthenium oxide (RuO
2
) or iridium oxide (IrO
2
).
Graphical abstract
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•Graphene based CoCo2O4 nanostructure array was developed through hydrothermal route.•The electrochemical activity of CoCo2O4/rGO was performed for supercapacitor application.•The ...fabricated electrode CoCo2O4/rGO exhibited the specific capacitance of 1352.2 F g−1 with high energy density (Ed) of 75.96 Wh Kg−1 at low current density of 2 A g−1.•The enhanced CoCo2O4/rGO was ascribed to the synergistic effect, diverse morphology and larger surface area.
Pseudocapacitor electrodes made of spinel oxide nanomaterial is considered as a better solution to overcome the current energy crisis. In this work, CoCo2O4 is fabricated and then combined with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through clean hydrothermal method. The microscopic and spectroscopic tools were employed to examine the properties of the fabricated electrode material. The electrochemical activity of the material was determined by using polarization curves (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge–discharge methods (GCD) and chronoamperometry (CA). The electrochemical results revealed that the addition of rGO into CoCo2O4 electrode, increases the discharge duration, improves its specific capacitance, and its extensive stability. The electrochemical results of CoCo2O4/rGO display the specific capacitance (Csp) of 1352.2 Fg−1, energy density (Ed) of 75.96 Wh Kg−1 and power density (Pd) of 636 W Kg−1 at low current density of 2 Ag−1. The nanocomposite exhibited the capacitance retaining of 98.22 % over 2000 cycles and stable for 40 h. Though, the capacitive activity of fabricated electrode was further improved with change in electronic and structural arrangement, alteration in the morphology, or incorporation of other metal or non-metals.
The conversion of CO
2
into methane and methanol is a productive way to turn down the greenhouse effect in the environment as well as to solve energy crisis. Strontium zirconate and its composite ...with lead sulphide are explored as a photocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction. The photocatalysts have been synthesized by facile hydrothermal methods and its formation has been inspected by XRD and Raman studies. The elemental composition, oxidation states of the elements present in the materials, morphology and the surface area are investigated by XPS, SEM and BET analyses. Methane and methanol were the major products produced during the reduction process. The composite material shows better efficiency as compared individual material. The maximum amount of methane and methanol produced by the photoreduction of CO
2
by using composite as photocatalyst is 23 and 37 μmol g
−1
.
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