This comprehensive scientific review provides an in-depth analysis of both the natural compounds, pyrethrins, and their synthetic derivatives, pyrethroids, focusing on their classification, ...biosynthesis, mechanism of action, general and pharmaceutical uses, as well as their toxicity and environmental impact. Pyrethrins, derived from certain plant species, have long been recognized for their potent insecticidal properties. The review begins by examining the classification of pyrethrins and pyrethroids, elucidating their structural characteristics and unique features within the field of natural and synthetic compounds. The biosynthetic pathways responsible for producing pyrethrins in plants are discussed, highlighting the enzymatic reactions and genetic regulation involved. In addition, the synthesis of pyrethroid derivatives is explored, including both natural and synthetic sources and potential optimization strategies. Understanding the mechanisms of action by which pyrethrins and pyrethroids exert their insecticidal effects is a crucial aspect of this review. Complex interactions with the nervous systems of target organisms are examined, providing insights into their selective toxicity and modes of action. In addition, the various applications of these compounds are explored, from their use in agriculture for pest control to their incorporation into household insecticides and potential pharmaceutical applications. The review also critically evaluates the potential toxicity of pyrethrins and pyrethroids to human health. By consolidating current knowledge and research findings, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of the properties and applications of pyrethrins and pyrethroids, highlighting their benefits and risks, and the importance of responsible and sustainable use in various areas.
Applications of the microwaves technologies are developing fast, but only in few cases these applications are used at the industrial level for the pollutants elimination. This work presents few ...problems of the environment that can be efficiently solved through electrotechnologies based on microwaves: wastages treatment technologies, coal filters regeneration, concrete walls treatment and of the contaminated soils, vermin elimination from the wood structures, the elimination of toxic acids of nitrogen and sulfur from the burning gases and indirectly, the preparation of polyelectrolytes for the used waters treatment.
This work is based on examples that emphasize the complexity of the proteins ultrafiltration process, pointing out the first 10-15 minutes of ultrafiltration. The knowledgement of the factors that ...influence the separation through ultrafiltration of proteins will allow to choose the right type of membrane, the frequent use of the same membrane and the operation in mechanical and chemical conditions adequate to the ultrafiltration system, when it is separated a protein with certain molecular weight.
Animal raw material processing is directly influenced by the physical and chemical characteristics of their. The various combinations and status of the raw materials used in the food industry ...determine specific behaviours that may influence the processing equipment performance and construction. The study on meat composition viscosity depending upon the added components, temperature and mixing time length, has shown that viscosity is increasing with lower mixing temperature , higher mixing time length and higher added starch percentage.
Regarding to a population, the average of phenotypic value is equal with average of genotypic value and that means that the study of average performances in a population has a huge importance. So, ...the studies of the average values of characters offer us an idea about the population genetic level. This study have the principal purpose to analyse main body dimensions that are used in selection process: withers height, thoracic perimeter and cannon bone perimeter, through the integration of individuals in an evaluation class, in accordance with selection methodology. The biological material is represented by 35 Nonius horses, 4 males and 31 females, at different ages, owned by Izvin Stud Farm, representing the entire reproductive nucleus. The average performances of characters are presented in the paper. We can observe a small level of variability with some differences between sexes. The average performances of the characters are between characteristic limits of the breed.
On the present territory of Romania, the wheat had been cultivated from the old times. There were found vestiges that were estimated to have 7000 year. The local sorts had been cultivated until 1925, ...when the experiments with new sorts showed their inferiority as concerns their resistence to fall, to precocity, the disease resistance, productivity and even quality. The experiment purpose was to determine the genotypes production genetic potential and the production stability.
The gluten determination method is based by principle to transform analyzed flour in dough. The dough will be washed, in special conditions, with water or with some solution. Obtained results were ...influenced by special condition and also by solution used for washing. For choosing the suitable method it is necessary to considerate the maximum dough consistation (gluten is fully developed); using one saline water solution (2%) for washing gluten will anulate the influence of different mineral composition for drinking water; the dough report before washing must not be prolonged to reduce proteolytic activity at minimum.
The influence of cooling over the titratable acidity - ∆Ar materialozes itself in all cases in a growth of medium values of the parameters, of values of ths growth are different: only 0,8 ºT at the ...HCA 8000 cooler, 1, 09 ºT at the HCA 5000 cooler and even 1,21 ºT at HCA 6000 cooler. The differences are due to the difference in the cooling method used, but also due to the performances regarding the real rates of cooling accomplished in cooling the milk with HCA coolers.
It is known that by milk production hygiene must be assure: milk microbiological security, increase the sensorial and nutritive properties, increase term of availability and consumption. The milk ...hygienic national strategies involved: raw material risk contamination avoiding and reducing as can is possible and the microorganisms destroying or stopping development of those. In this paper it is presented the results of somatic cells number determination by raw milk used in Telemea cheese technological processes within 5 research stations. Determinations were effectuated on 2 series with 57 samples each of them, prelevated in reception phase in summer and winter seasons.
An important faze for food quality control is verification of microbiological parameters of food products. In this way is assuring the prevention of alimentation toxicological infections to consumer, ...avoiding the technological and economical losses as well as increasing the products conservation period. In this paper are presents the microbiological exam results from raw milk used in Telemea cheese technological process, for 5 stations studied. The determinations were made on 2 series with 57 samples each of them, prelevated in reception fase, in summer and winter season.
