In South Africa, women entrepreneurs do not enjoy the same opportunities as men in accessing start-up capital due to a number of discriminatory practices embedded in lending models. This study seeks ...to understand the gender-specific barriers to raising start-up capital, and adopts a mixed methods approach that includes semi-structured interviews with experts and a survey of women entrepreneurs. All participants were from the small business sector in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The findings revealed the gendered nature of start-up capital for women entrepreneurs in South Africa, and the difficulty women face in venturing into non-traditional industries. The findings build on previous research by focusing on the intersection between women’s contribution to the economy and their production activities in the informal and domestic context. This study calls for the activities of women entrepreneurs in these sectors of the economy to be recognised within lending models, and as constituting a valuable area of economic growth.
Transferase-deficient galactosaemia is an inherited disorder of carbohydrate metabolism, caused by mutation at the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (
GALT) locus. A denaturing high ...performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC) method was developed for variant scanning of the GALT gene. The method unequivocally identified the Duarte D1, D2, Q188R, and K285N
GALT alleles and associated polymorphisms. Length polymorphism in an intronic
Alu repeat was characterised and a novel Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (IVS10nt-322g
→
t) associated with the D1 allele was identified.
Reactive oxygen species and the lung Cross, C.E; van der Vliet, A; O'Neill, C.A ...
The Lancet (British edition),
10/1994, Letnik:
344, Številka:
8927
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The massive surface area makes the respiratory tract a major target for oxidative injury from inhaled free radicals and non-radicals and from products of inflammatory cells. Oxidative injury can be ...mediated by other damaging agents.
Quantum many-body systems display rich phase structure in their low-temperature equilibrium states. However, much of nature is not in thermal equilibrium. Remarkably, it was recently predicted that ...out-of-equilibrium systems can exhibit novel dynamical phases that may otherwise be forbidden by equilibrium thermodynamics, a paradigmatic example being the discrete time crystal (DTC). Concretely, dynamical phases can be defined in periodically driven many-body localized systems via the concept of eigenstate order. In eigenstate-ordered phases, the entire many-body spectrum exhibits quantum correlations and long-range order, with characteristic signatures in late-time dynamics from all initial states. It is, however, challenging to experimentally distinguish such stable phases from transient phenomena, wherein few select states can mask typical behavior. Here we implement a continuous family of tunable CPHASE gates on an array of superconducting qubits to experimentally observe an eigenstate-ordered DTC. We demonstrate the characteristic spatiotemporal response of a DTC for generic initial states. Our work employs a time-reversal protocol that discriminates external decoherence from intrinsic thermalization, and leverages quantum typicality to circumvent the exponential cost of densely sampling the eigenspectrum. In addition, we locate the phase transition out of the DTC with an experimental finite-size analysis. These results establish a scalable approach to study non-equilibrium phases of matter on current quantum processors.
Antioxidants present within lung epithelial lining fluids (ELFs) constitute an initial line of defense against inhaled environmental oxidants such as ozone, nitrogen oxides, and tobacco smoke, but ...the antioxidant composition of human ELFs is still incompletely characterized.
Homere-Adolphe Plessy was a 1/8th-black civil rights activist, who 1892 deliberately sat in the 'whites' section of a Louisiana train to test the state's segregation law. Local Judge John H. Ferguson ...upheld the law, but neither man ever realized their names would be immortalized in civil rights history.
The names of Irish towns or geographical features often derive from Gaelic descriptive words. Landmark buildings, often long removed, live on as place names, including Killadoon (County Mayo) and ...Killyneill.
This paper will initially provide an overview of intervention policies used by governments in developed and developing countries to stimulate the development of small- and medium-sized enterprises ...(SMEs). This general overview will be followed by a review of the literature on the South African government's intervention policies in particular, and comparison made to international intervention trends. The literature review will be followed by an explanation of the research methodology to empirically determine the need for changes to improve the intervention policies of the South African government. In the final instance the findings, recommendations on how to improve the intervention policies, limitations and suggestions for further research will be presented.
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