Monograph review: Volodenkov, S. V. (2021). Internet communications in the global space of contemporary political governance: Towards the digital society. Moscow: Prospekt. On the threshold of a ...digital society, many social institutions and actors are forced to transform under the influence of mediatization, virtualization, big data expansion and digital technologies, as well as they have to integrate into a new social reality, where the boundaries between the real and the virtual are blurred. This article is an analytical review of the monograph by the Russian political scientist Sergey V. Volodenkov "Internet communications in the global space of contemporary political governance: Towards the digital society". The conducted analysis makes it possible to distinguish three problemthematic blocks in the reviewed work. The first of them is related to the study of theoretical aspects of political communication and political communicative space. The second block covers the phenomenon of political governance and its features in the context of the modern Internet space. The third describes the issues characterizing strategies, actors, resources, technologies and methods of information and communication impact on public conscience, on the human value system in the political communication space. Analytical method, categorical analysis, methods of secondary data analysis, and comparative analysis were used to prepare the review of the monograph. The author of the reviewed work relies on statistical, sociological and analytical data indicating the intensity of digitalization of society, the predominance of mass Internet communications in society, the spread of information resources in political practice. The monograph makes a successful attempt to analyze the process of using Internet technologies in the field of political communications. Main Internet technologies aimed at manipulating public opinion are identified and analyzed. The book shows the practice of using technologies of political propaganda and information aggression in Arab and other countries, as well as in the political campaigns of US presidential candidates. The work is certain to be of interest to a wide range of readers, since it addresses the formation of a digital society, on the threshold of which the modern civilization is.
In Russia, in the last decade at the state level considerable attention has been paid to the problems of the memory politics, in particular to the memory of the events and results of the Great ...Patriotic War. The main actors of this policy are, on the one hand, state institutions and officials, on the other hand, civil society institutions, including non-state media and social networks. Among the ways of representing the memory politics in collective consciousness, we especially highlight cliché phrases. Considering the clichés, which are dedicated to Victory Day and popular among Russians, we note the dominance of victorious meanings and emotions in their substance, which allows us to designate them with the term "victorious". The aim of this article is to classify "victorious" cliché phrases that serve as a narrative component of the memory politics of the Great Patriotic War. Narrative is understood as a plot-formed discourse, which provides a coherent image of historical events. Narrative discourse can be used to convey a particular ideology, certain values and established stereotypes. We consider the discourse of the memory politics as a kind of narrative, the result of a historical narration, which became the subject of particular public scrutiny in post-Soviet states in the first decades of the 21st century. Main sources of the research are materials from popular groups of the social network VKontakte. Based on the content analysis method, there was made a classification of "victorious" cliché phrases related to the celebration of the 9th of May. The classification of cliché phrases was carried out according to such criteria as the form of expression, emotional filling and semantic content. During the classification there was analyzed a communicative structure of clichés, in which the following main components were distinguished: the addresser (the creator or the first disseminator of the cliché), the addressee (the recipient of a semantic message encrypted in the cliché) and the repeater (the recipient of the message who transmits it to other addressees). As a conclusion we noticed a gradual increase in the number of clichés, which call to remember the nationwide Victory exploit as well as focus particular attention on its high price. It is stated that an ordinary addressee can become a repeater, placing new and the most relevant accents in the cliché. Such groups of creative participants in the Internet communication are capable of becoming real actors influencing the adjustment of modern memory politics official commitment.
Discourse on the Politics of Memory: Studies of Symbolic Aspects Rusakova, O. F.; Gribovod, E. G.; Moiseenko, Ya. Yu
Diskurs pi : filosofii͡a︡, politika, vlastʹ, svi͡a︡zi s obshchestvennostʹi͡u︡ : Di pi = Discourse P : philosophy, politics, power, public relations,
07/2022, Letnik:
19, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The increased interest of the scientific community in the search for strategies for interpreting the past, the problems of memory and historical politics has had a significant impact on the formation ...of such a research direction within the social sciences and humanities as "memory studies". But despite a number of works devoted to different mnemonic aspects, including the analysis of commemorative practices and the identification of the main actors, the symbolic side of the politics of memory still remains on the periphery of the scientific discourse. That is why the present article provides an analytical review of several works from the collection Symbolic aspects of memory politics in present-day Russia and Eastern Europe, published in Saint Petersburg in 2021, edited by V. V. Lapin and A. I. Miller. First and foremost, the reviewers' attention was attracted by papers on methodological issues, revealing the key concepts of symbolic politics and forming its conceptual and categorical apparatus. Delimitation of such phenomena as "symbolic politics" and "politics of memory" in terms of their subject areas is within the remit of the reviewers' critical attention as well. The structural components of the politics of memory were analyzed in the context of their practical implementation. The works exploring symbolic representations associated with modern museum commemorative practices of the historical and reconstructive sense were of particular interest. The choice of papers for reviewing was due to their theoretical and methodological orientation and discursive saturation of the research subject vision. The authors of the review sought to analyze the works through the use of critical perspective, which indicates the controversial nature of the research issue. The research was funded by RFBR according to the project № 21-011-43023 "The official discourse of Russian politics of memory concerning the Soviet past: interpretation strategies, actors and commemorative practices"
Chitosan is a natural-occurring biopolymer found commonly in the exoskeleton of crustaceans, vegetables, fungi and plants. Due to its relatively high mechanical properties, chitosan, is attractive ...for structural applications. Here, we show the benefits of morphed graphene as reinforcement for chitosan composites. Morphed graphene is incorporated into the chitosan matrix via thermomechanical process to produce composites with tunable mechanical performances that are ideal for applications where impact resistant (toughness) and elasticity are required. Optimum sintering conditions were determined by means of thermogravimetry and calorimetry. The characterization results show a clear homogeneity of the microstructure between chitosan and the reinforcement material. The characterization of the composite was carried using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and infrared spectroscopies, optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The mechanical properties were evaluated by nanoindentation and microhardness tests. The composite sintered at 180 °C for 3 h with 5 wt% of morphed graphene demonstrated to provide the best performance with 33% higher density, 78% less porosity, 133% higher maximum penetration depth, 25% superior hardness, and 73% higher elastic energy ratio. The combination of the reinforcement, morphed graphene, and the technology presented herein are ideal to produced fully dispersed/highly homogeneous composites with up to 5 wt% C. Therefore, morphed graphene additions have unique benefits as chitosan reinforcement material can be used for structural applications such as packaging with environmental advantages over polymers such as Polyethylene Terephthalate. The manufacturing methodology has potential for industrial scalability and presumably the composite is recyclable and compostable.
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Aim
. To demonstrate the first Russian computer program (carotidscore.ru) for risk stratification of postoperative complications of carotid endarterectomy (CE).
Material and methods
. The present ...study is based on the analysis of a multicenter Russian database including 25812 patients after CE operated on from January 1, 2010 to April 1, 2022. The following types of CE were implemented: conventional CE with patch angioplasty — 6814 patients; eversion CE — 18998 patients. Following postoperative complications were assessed during the study: death, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), composite endpoint (death + stroke + MI).
Results
. During inhospital postoperative period, 0,18% of participants died, while 0,14% had MI, 0,35% — stroke. The composite endpoint was recorded in 0,68%. For each factor present in patients, a predictive coefficient was estimated. The predictive coefficient was considered as a numerical parameter reflecting the strength of the effect of each factor on the development of postoperative complications. Based on this equation, predictive coefficients were calculated for each factor present in patients in our study. The total contribution of these factors was reflected as a percentage and denoted the risk of postoperative complications with a minimum of 0% and a maximum of 100%. On the basis of obtained calculations, a CarotidSCORE program was created. Its graphical interface is based on the QT framework. It is possible not only to estimate the risk of a complication, but also to save all data about a patient in JSON format. The CarotidSCORE program contains 47 patient parameters, including clinical, demographic, anamnestic and angiographic characteristics. It makes it possible to choose one of the four CE types, which will provide an accurate stratification of the complication risk for each of them.
Conclusion
. CarotidSCORE (carotidscore.ru) may determine the probability of postoperative complications in patients undergoing CE.
Regulatory neuropeptide systems appear to modulate anxiety and emotionality, since anxiety in rats can be increased by intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of diazepam-binding-inhibitor ...fragment (DBI) and decreased by ICV administration of neuropeptide Y (NPY) or substance P (SP).
Involvement of these three neuropeptides in genetic predisposition to anxiety was studied in two inbred rat strains.
Levels of anxiety to novel environments were first measured in Fischer-344 (F-344/N) and Wistar Albino Glaxo (WAG/G) rats using open-field conflict, hole-board, black and white box, elevated-plus maze and Vogel lick suppression procedures. Levels of SP, DBI and NPY in the hippocampus, midbrain and hypothalamus of F-344/N and WAG/G rats were then measured without stress (basal levels) or after stress induced by shuttle-box, shock-avoidance testing. Finally, effects of ICV injection of SP or NPY rats were measured in F-344/N and WAG/G rats using the hole-board test.
F-344/N rats had elevated level of anxiety compare to WAG/G rats with all five procedures. Levels of SP in the hippocampus, midbrain and hypothalamus of F-344/N rats were significantly lower than in WAG/G rats and levels of SP decreased in WAG/G, but not F-344/N, rats after stress. Levels of DBI in the hippocampus and midbrain of F-344/N rats were also lower than in WAG/G rats, but they increased in F-344/N rats after stress. In contrast, levels of NPY were higher in the midbrain of F-344/N rats than in WAG/G rats, especially after stress. ICV injection of SP or NPY decreased anxiety in the black and white box in both F-344/N and WAG/G rats, but F-344/N rats were more sensitive.
These findings support the hypothesis that decreased levels of SP in certain brain regions may contribute to high levels of anxiety in rats. Decreased levels of DBI and increased levels of NPY in high-anxiety animals may act as compensatory mechanisms.
We studied the effect of single treatment with nicotine, ethanol, and morphine on locomotor activity of WAG/G and Fischer-344 rats chronically drinking caffeine solution. In Fischer-344 rats ...receiving caffeine locomotor activity in the open-field test was much lower than in animals drinking water, while in WAG/G rats no differences in locomotor activity were found. Chronic caffeine intake increased rat sensitivity to the stimulating effect of nicotine and ethanol, but decreased their sensitivity to the depressant effect of morphine. Chronic caffeine treatment most significantly modulated the effects of nicotine, ethanol, and morphine in Fischer-344 rats.
The results of separation tests performed in Unit 1 at the Rostov nuclear power station at 100% of reactor thermal power are presented and were carried out for the first time without admission of ...indicating salt into the steam generator volume. The results of these tests are compared with the data of separation tests carried out at the stage of commissioning works.
The sludge distribution patterns in the volume of a steam generator and in the near-wall region of its heat-transfer surface are obtained. Recommendations for removing sludge in the power unit ...shutdown mode are given.
Social isolation is a stress factor increasing animal anxiety and impairing food-reinforced instrumental learning. Social isolation modulates sensitivity to psychoactive substances: it potentiated ...the depressive and analgesic effects of morphine, but attenuated the activating and anxiogenic effects of caffeine. These behavioral changes and changes in sensitivity to psychoactive agents can be explained by a well-known phenomenon of activation of the endogenous opioid system during stress.
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