Drawback is a special custom regime that allows the exemption, suspension or refunds the payment of taxes on the import of inputs (raw material) used in the production of goods for export. This study ...aims to analyze the use of the Drawback in logistics operations of exporting companies from Santa Catarina State, in southern Brazil. This is a descriptive study with literature review and field research (fieldwork). There was a direct contact between researchers and the international commerce professionals from the companies who use or have used the Drawback, in order to obtain primary data. The target population was defined by producing exporters of Southern Santa Catarina, represented by 44 companies participating in the survey, and only 13 are users of the Customs Drawback scheme. The companies who have used the Drawback are medium and large. They are consolidated in the international market and the majority belongs to the chemical and ceramic sectors. It was observed that despite a good ally of the user companies in increasing sales and creating new products for the international market, some companies (or departments) do not consider the Drawback as a success factor in their exports. In view of these considerations, it is suggested that the companies that do not use Drawback, could search for information about its benefits and how the system works. Moreover, for those companies that are not effectively inserted yet in foreign trade, it can be a tool for the increase of their imports or exports activities.
To generate candidates for contextual factors (CFs) for each CF type (i.e., Effect Modifying Contextual Factors (EM-CFs), Outcome Influencing Contextual Factors (OI-CFs), and Measurement Affecting ...Contextual Factors (MA-CFs)) considered important within rheumatology.
We surveyed OMERACT working groups and conducted a Special Interest Group (SIG) session at the OMERACT 2023 meeting, where the results were reviewed, and additional CFs suggested.
The working groups suggested 44, 49, and 21 generic EM-CFs, OI-CFs, and MA-CFs, respectively. SIG participants added 49, 44, and 55 factors, respectively.
Candidate CFs were identified, next step is a consensus-based set of endorsed (important) CFs.
Background
Hyaluronic acid (HA) filler application is one of the most frequent minimally invasive aesthetic procedures used worldwide. Its properties and characterization, performance, effects in ...other tissues, and response to complication treatments have been studied in several animal models. This review aims to categorize animal models considering the advantages and disadvantages regarding the purpose of the study.
Methods
Literature research was made using MEDLINE via PubMed by two reviewers using keywords “hyaluronic acid” “filler” and “animal model”. Full-text articles published in English and with an in vivo animal model were included for data extraction.
Results
The rat model was the most common animal used to evaluate properties or characteristics and degradation of HA fillers. Rabbits were preferred for evaluating HA embolism treatments; however, anatomical names of the arteries differ in some studies. Mice and rats used as vascular occlusion model are challenging due to the size of the vessels and viscosity of the filler.
Conclusion
There is a wide variability of options of in vivo animal models to evaluate HA fillers. The animal characteristics, laboratory resources, and HA properties should be considered in accordance with the objective of the study, when choosing the ideal model.
Level of Evidence III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors
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Enhanced glycolysis is a hallmark of breast cancer. In cancer cells, the high glycolytic flux induces carbonyl stress, a damaging condition in which the increase of reactive carbonyl species makes ...DNA, proteins, and lipids more susceptible to glycation. Together with glucose, methylglyoxal (MGO), a byproduct of glycolysis, is considered the main glycating agent. MGO is highly diffusible, enters the nucleus, and can react with easily accessible lysine- and arginine-rich tails of histones. Glycation adducts on histones undergo oxidization and further rearrange to form stable species known as advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). This modification alters nucleosomes stability and chromatin architecture deconstructing the histone code. Formation of AGEs has been associated with cancer, diabetes, and several age-related diseases. Recently, DJ-1, a cancer-associated protein that protects cells from oxidative stress, has been described as a deglycase enzyme. Although its role in cell survival results still controversial, in several human tumors, its expression, localization, oxidation, and phosphorylation were found altered. This work aimed to explore the molecular mechanism that triggers the peculiar cellular compartmentalization and the specific post-translational modifications (PTM) that, occurring in breast cancer cells, influences the DJ-1 dual role. Using a proteomic approach, we identified on DJ-1 a novel threonine phosphorylation (T125) that was found, by the in-silico tool scansite 4, as part of a putative Akt consensus. Notably, this threonine is in addition to histidine 126, a key residue involved in the formation of catalytic triade (glu18-Cys106-His126) inside the glioxalase active site of DJ. Interestingly, we found that pharmacological modulation of Akt pathway induces a functional tuning of DJ-1 proteoforms, as well as their shuttle from cytosol to nucleus, pointing out that pathway as critical in the development of DJ-1 pro-tumorigenic abilities. Deglycase activity of DJ-1 on histones proteins, investigated by coupling 2D tau gel with LC-MS/MS and 2D-TAU (Triton-Acid-Urea)-Western blot, was found correlated with its phosphorylation status that, in turn, depends from Akt activation. In normal conditions, DJ-1 acts as a redox-sensitive chaperone and as an oxidative stress sensor. In cancer cells, glycolytic rewiring, inducing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, enhances AGEs products. Alongside, the moderate increase of ROS enhances Akt signaling that induces DJ-1-phosphorylation. When phosphorylated DJ-1 increases its glyoxalase activity, the level of AGEs on histones decreases. Therefore, phospho-DJ-1 prevents glycation-induced histones misregulation and its Akt-related hyperactivity represents a way to preserve the epigenome landscape sustaining proliferation of cancer cells. Together, these results shed light on an interesting mechanism that cancer cells might execute to escape the metabolic induced epigenetic misregulation that otherwise could impair their malignant proliferative potential.
Conocer y satisfacer las necesidades de pacientes (P) con cáncer de mama (CM) permite mejorar su calidad de vida y adherencia a tratamientos. Este estudio buscó identificar las necesidades de P con ...CM desde las perspectivas de tres agentes: ellos mismos, sus cuidadores (CU) y el personal de salud (PDS). Tras determinar esas necesidades desarrollamos y difundimos videos educativos para el PDS y evaluamos el impacto en la satisfacción del cuidado en salud de dicha intervención.
El estudio incluyó un centro académico (CA) y un hospital público (HP). Los datos se obtuvieron de entrevistas, focus group y encuestas autocompletadas. Se realizó un análisis de contenidos con el software Nvivo. Tras determinar las necesidades percibidas por los sujetos de estudio (P, CU, PDS) y debido a las restricciones impuestas debido al COVID19 se optó por presentar videos educativos al PDS describiendo las necesidades identificadas y su manejo. Se aplicaron encuestas de satisfacción antes (etapa I) y después de dicha intervención (etapa II).
Inicialmente, 22 participantes fueron entrevistados (7 P, 5 CU y 10 PDS). Identificamos 3 necesidades principales: 1) relacionadas con los cuidados de salud, 2) temas financieros y 3) apoyo social. En base a estas necesidades elaboramos y difundimos videos educativos para el PDS. El análisis de encuestas de satisfacción aplicadas antes (n=93) y después (n=71) de la intervención educativa reveló altos niveles de satisfacción, con la excepción de tópicos relacionados a las comodidades de la infraestructura y la atención psicológica en ambos centros (CA y HP). En la encuesta aplicada en la etapa II, aparecieron otras necesidades mayoritariamente relacionadas con nutrición e infraestructura.
Este estudio es la primera evaluación en Chile, simultánea, de necesidades de P con CM desde la perspectiva de ellos, sus CU y PDS. Todos los participantes indicaron que la información y el apoyo social/financiero son las necesidades más relevantes.
Knowing and satisfying the needs of breast cancer (BC) patients (P) and their caregivers (CG) during treatment can help to improve their quality of life. This study assessed the needs of BC-P, their CG and health professionals (HP) and their perception before and after an intervention aiming to improve healthcare. Methods. The study included an academic center (AC) and a public hospital (PH). Data were obtained from interviews, focus groups and self-completed surveys. A content analysis was performed using Nvivo software. Due to COVID19 restrictions, educational videos were delivered to HPs describing the identified needs. Finally, satisfaction surveys were applied to P and CG, before and after this intervention.
A total of 22 participants were interviewed (7P, 5CG and 10HP). Three main needs were identified: 1) Healthcare related needs, 2) Financial issues and 3) Social support. Subsequently, a satisfaction survey was applied to users (stage I; n=93) and the identified needs were used to design an intervention that consisted of educational videos directed towards HP. Following the intervention a second survey was applied (stage II; n=71). Both surveys revealed high levels of satisfaction among users. Following the second survey, we noticed the emergence of other needs, mainly related to nutrition and the improvement of facilities.
This is the first study in Chile assessing BC-P needs from the perspective of P, their CG and HP. All participants indicated that information and social/financial support were the most relevant needs.
Resumen: Introducción: Conocer y satisfacer las necesidades de pacientes (P) con cáncer de mama (CM) permite mejorar su calidad de vida y adherencia a tratamientos. Este estudio buscó identificar las ...necesidades de P con CM desde las perspectivas de tres agentes: ellos mismos, sus cuidadores (CU) y el personal de salud (PDS). Tras determinar esas necesidades desarrollamos y difundimos videos educativos para el PDS y evaluamos el impacto en la satisfacción del cuidado en salud de dicha intervención. Métodos: El estudio incluyó un centro académico (CA) y un hospital público (HP). Los datos se obtuvieron de entrevistas, focus group y encuestas autocompletadas. Se realizó un análisis de contenidos con el software Nvivo. Tras determinar las necesidades percibidas por los sujetos de estudio (P, CU, PDS) y debido a las restricciones impuestas debido al COVID19 se optó por presentar videos educativos al PDS describiendo las necesidades identificadas y su manejo. Se aplicaron encuestas de satisfacción antes (etapa I) y después de dicha intervención (etapa II). Resultados: Inicialmente, 22 participantes fueron entrevistados (7 P, 5 CU y 10 PDS). Identificamos 3 necesidades principales: 1) relacionadas con los cuidados de salud, 2) temas financieros y 3) apoyo social. En base a estas necesidades elaboramos y difundimos videos educativos para el PDS. El análisis de encuestas de satisfacción aplicadas antes (n = 93) y después (n = 71) de la intervención educativa reveló altos niveles de satisfacción, con la excepción de tópicos relacionados a las comodidades de la infraestructura y la atención psicológica en ambos centros (CA y HP). En la encuesta aplicada en la etapa II, aparecieron otras necesidades mayoritariamente relacionadas con nutrición e infraestructura. Conclusiones: Este estudio es la primera evaluación en Chile, simultánea, de necesidades de P con CM desde la perspectiva de ellos, sus CU y PDS. Todos los participantes indicaron que la información y el apoyo social/financiero son las necesidades más relevantes. Abstract: Introduction: Knowing and satisfying the needs of breast cancer (BC) patients (P) and their caregivers (CG) during treatment can help to improve their quality of life. This study assessed the needs of BC-P, their CG and health professionals (HP) and their perception before and after an intervention aiming to improve healthcare. Methods. The study included an academic center (AC) and a public hospital (PH). Data were obtained from interviews, focus groups and self-completed surveys. A content analysis was performed using Nvivo software. Due to COVID19 restrictions, educational videos were delivered to HPs describing the identified needs. Finally, satisfaction surveys were applied to P and CG, before and after this intervention. Results: A total of 22 participants were interviewed (7P, 5CG and 10HP). Three main needs were identified: 1) Healthcare related needs, 2) Financial issues and 3) Social support. Subsequently, a satisfaction survey was applied to users (stage I; n = 93) and the identified needs were used to design an intervention that consisted of educational videos directed towards HP. Following the intervention a second survey was applied (stage II; n = 71). Both surveys revealed high levels of satisfaction among users. Following the second survey, we noticed the emergence of other needs, mainly related to nutrition and the improvement of facilities. Conclusions: This is the first study in Chile assessing BC-P needs from the perspective of P, their CG and HP. All participants indicated that information and social/financial support were the most relevant needs.
A tecnologia enzimática vem sendo utilizada por oferecer vantagens no estabelecimento de um processo tecnologicamente limpo. Enzimas hidrolíticas estão entre os principais alvos da pesquisa ...biotecnológica pelo grande potencial de aplicação no setor industrial. Com o objetivo de selecionar e caracterizar microrganismos amilolíticos, pectinolíticos e xilanolíticos utilizaram-se solos e resíduos agroindustriais como fonte para o isolamento. Como resultados, dezoito cepas produtoras de amilase foram isoladas. Destas, onze apresentaram Índice Enzimático (IE) superior a 2.0 e foram determinados os perfis de regulação por repressão catabólica, sendo que três apresentaram características desejadas. Estes foram cultivados em meio líquido e tiveram a atividade de amilase sacarificante determinada. Também foram selecionados quatro microrganismos produtores de pectinase, que em cultivo em meio líquido confirmaram produção das enzimas pectina liase (PMGL) e de poligalacturanase (PG). Da mesma forma, a partir de cultivo em meio sólido, foram isolados treze microrganismos produtores de xilanases, sendo onze bactérias e dois fungos filamentosos. Cinco dos microrganismos que se destacaram quanto ao IE foram cultivados em meio líquido e analisados quando à produção da enzima, assim, um fungo filamentoso e uma bactéria, originários de solo, destacaram-se como produtores de xilanase. Apesar de haver a necessidade de aprofundamentos nos estudos quanto à caracterização desses isolados e das enzimas produzidas, os resultados positivos das atividades enzimáticas demonstraram que as metodologias utilizadas e os microrganismos selecionados são promissores na obtenção das respectivas enzimas com potencial para aplicação na indústria. Palavras-chave: Enzimas hidrolíticas. Isolamento de Microrganismos. Microbiologia Aplicada.
A tecnologia enzimática vem sendo utilizada por oferecer vantagens no estabelecimento de um processo tecnologicamente limpo. Enzimas hidrolíticas estão entre os principais alvos da pesquisa ...biotecnológica pelo grande potencial de aplicação no setor industrial. Com o objetivo de selecionar e caracterizar microrganismos amilolíticos, pectinolíticos e xilanolíticos utilizaram-se solos e resíduos agroindustriais como fonte para o isolamento. Como resultados, dezoito cepas produtoras de amilase foram isoladas. Destas, onze apresentaram Índice Enzimático (IE) superior a 2.0 e foram determinados os perfis de regulação por repressão catabólica, sendo que três apresentaram características desejadas. Estes foram cultivados em meio líquido e tiveram a atividade de amilase sacarificante determinada. Também foram selecionados quatro microrganismos produtores de pectinase, que em cultivo em meio líquido confirmaram produção das enzimas pectina liase (PMGL) e de poligalacturanase (PG). Da mesma forma, a partir de cultivo em meio sólido, foram isolados treze microrganismos produtores de xilanases, sendo onze bactérias e dois fungos filamentosos. Cinco dos microrganismos que se destacaram quanto ao IE foram cultivados em meio líquido e analisados quando à produção da enzima, assim, um fungo filamentoso e uma bactéria, originários de solo, destacaram-se como produtores de xilanase. Apesar de haver a necessidade de aprofundamentos nos estudos quanto à caracterização desses isolados e das enzimas produzidas, os resultados positivos das atividades enzimáticas demonstraram que as metodologias utilizadas e os microrganismos selecionados são promissores na obtenção das respectivas enzimas com potencial para aplicação na indústria.Palavras-chave: Enzimas hidrolíticas. Isolamento de Microrganismos. Microbiologia Aplicada.
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