The search for agronomic traits and the use of new sources of variability in oat farming is very important in terms of breeding. Wild species of Avena are grouped into three gene pools depending on ...their interfertility with cultivated hexaploid oat. The primary and tertiary gene pools are extensive and diverse, the secondary gene pool is relatively small and poorly represented in ex situ gene banks. Appropriate wild species are a valuable source of many appropriate traits such as: high protein, oil, ß-glucan and balanced amino acids composition contents in grain; short culm; cold and drought tolerance. Moreover, they are a source of resistance genes for oat diseases, such as: powdery mildew, crown and stem rust, smuts or barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Note, however transfer of genes from wild to cultivated species is a long and laborious process. These types of methods are used in the species Avena with various end effects. The purpose of this article is to collect information on attempts of transferring different genes from wild oat species to cultivated oats.
Identification of new, effective disease resistance genes is a very important aspect of plant breeding. Also important is the precise location of individual loci and tagging them with DNA markers for ...marker assisted selection. The aim of the present study was identification of the molecular markers linked with
, a new effective resistance gene to powdery mildew, and their location in the oat genome. The analysis was performed on 167 F
individuals from a hybrid of Fuchs × CN67383, with the status of the locus in each individual verified by progeny test in F
. Segregation ratios confirmed the monogenic nature of resistance. Making use of the sequence data of DNA markers and the oat OT3098 v2 genome reference assembly,
is located on chromosome 7C. A comparison was also made with the reference consensus map, to which there are more reports of mapped genes to date. The mapping results suggest that
is located in the interval 103.8-111.7 cM on this map. No powdery mildew resistance locus has been identified in this region so far, suggesting that
CN67383 carries a novel locus offering effective resistance in oat breeding. The information included in the oat genome annotation allowed for the identification of candidate genes in the close region of the marker cluster for
. This information may provide an interesting source of further analysis of the pathways of various genes in response to the stress of powdery mildew infection.
The appropriate selection of various traits in valuable plants is very important for modern plant breeding. Effective resistance to fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew, is an example of such a ...trait in oats. Marker-assisted selection is an important tool that reduces the time and cost of selection. The aims of the present study were the identification of dominant DArTseq markers associated with a new resistance gene, annotated as
Pm11
and derived from
Avena sterilis
genotype CN113536, and the subsequent conversion of these markers into a PCR-based assay. Among the obtained 30,620 silicoDArT markers, 202 markers were highly associated with resistance in the analysed population. Of these, 71 were selected for potential conversion: 42 specific to resistant and 29 to susceptible individuals. Finally, 40 silicoDArT markers were suitable for primer design. From this pool, five markers, 3 for resistant and 2 for susceptible plants, were selected for product amplification in the expected groups. The developed method, based on 2 selection markers, provides certain identification of resistant and susceptible homozygotes. Also, the use of these markers allowed the determination of heterozygotes in the analysed population. Selected silicoDArT markers were also used for chromosomal localization of new resistance genes. Five out of 71 segregating silicoDArT markers for the
Pm11
gene were found on the available consensus genetic map of
oat
. Five markers were placed on linkage groups corresponding to Mrg12 on the
Avena sativa
consensus map.
The structure and dynamics of changes in pathogen populations can be analysed by assessing the level of virulence and genetic diversity. The aim of the present study was to determine the diversity of
...f. sp.
populations. Diversity and virulence of
f. sp.
was assessed based on 80 single-spore isolates collected in different European countries such as Poland (40 isolates), Germany (10), Finland (10), Czech Republic (10) and Ireland (10) using ISSR (
) and SCoT (
) markers. This work demonstrated differences in virulence of
f. sp.
isolates sampled from different countries. Molecular analysis showed that both systems were useful for assessing genetic diversity, but ISSR markers were superior and generated more polymorphic products, as well as higher PIC and RP values. UPMGA and PCoA divided the isolates into groups corresponding with their geographical origin. In conclusion, the low level of genetic differentiation of the analysed isolates has suggested that the evolution of
f. sp.
population is slow, and thus the evolutionary potential of the pathogen is low. This work paves the way for future studies on
f. sp.
population structure and dynamics based on genetic variability.
Fungal cereal pathogens, including Blumeria graminis f.sp. avenae, have the ability to adapt to specific conditions, which in turn leads to overcoming host resistance. An important aspect is the ...standardized way of characterizing the races and pathotypes of the pathogen. In the presented work, for the first time it was proposed to use a unified letter code that allows describing the pathotypes of B. graminis f.sp. avenae. The set of 14 oat genotypes were used as a differential set. This set included genotypes having so far described powdery mildew resistance genes Pm1–Pm11, and two genotypes (A. sterilis and A. strigosa) with effective sources of resistance to Bga. Based on the analysis of 160 Bga isolates collected in 2016–2019 from 4 locations in Poland, the most numerous was the TBBB pathotype, represented by 30% of the tested isolates. It was present in all analyzed populations. Subsequently, 8.1% and 6.3% of the isolates represented the TBCB and RBBB pathotypes, respectively.
The purpose of this study was to determine the virulence structure of oat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae, Bga) populations in Poland collected in 2014 and 2015. Powdery mildew ...isolates were collected from 18 locations in Poland. In total, nine lines and cultivars of oat, with different mildew resistance genes, were used to assess virulence of 180 isolates. The results showed that a significant proportion of the Bga isolates found in Poland were virulent to differentials with Pm1, Pm3, Pm6, and Pm3 + Pm8 genes. In contrast Pm4, Pm5, Pm2, and Pm7 genes were classified as resistant to all pathogen isolates used in the experiment. Based on obtained results we can state that there are differences in virulence pattern and diversity parameters between sites and years, but clear trends are not deducible.
This article reports on the development, implementation and management of a German-Polish telemedicine network in the field of pediatric oncology and hematology in the Euroregion Pomerania. The ...achievements and challenges of joint medical case reviews involving patients and their care givers, as well as cross-border education activities for physicians, students and nursing staff, are presented. In addition to a progress report, the results of an evaluation of the participants and teachers, likewise the measurement of knowledge growth, are given.
The purpose of this study was to determine the virulence structure of oat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. avenae, Bga) populations in Poland collected in 2014 and 2015. Powdery mildew ...isolates were collected from 18 locations in Poland. In total, nine lines and cultivars of oat, with different mildew resistance genes, were used to assess virulence of 180 isolates. The results showed that a significant proportion of the Bga isolates found in Poland were virulent to differentials with Pm1, Pm3, Pm6, and Pm3 + Pm8 genes. In contrast Pm4, Pm5, Pm2, and Pm7 genes were classified as resistant to all pathogen isolates used in the experiment. Based on obtained results we can state that there are differences in virulence pattern and diversity parameters between sites and years, but clear trends are not deducible.
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