Aim
To evaluate the structural–morphological changes in enamel surface roughness and Streptococcus mutans adhesion after tooth bleaching using plasma in combination with a low concentration of 15% ...carbamide peroxide (CP).
Methodology
Sixty pairs of premolars were randomly assigned to the treatment groups (n = 30; buccal surface, groups 1A/2A) or controls (n = 30; palatal surface, Groups 1B/2B). Group 1A received a low concentration of 15% CP and low‐temperature plasma. Premolars in group 1B were placed in phosphate‐buffered saline and served as controls. The buccal surface of Groups 2A was subjected to 15% CP alone, whilst the palatal surface was subsequently immersed in PBS (group 2B). After bleaching, all teeth were soaked for 1 h in artificial saliva at 37 °C. Subsequently, teeth were placed in brain–heart infusion with S. mutans at 37 °C for 24 h. The assessment of the structural–morphological changes was carried out using a biofilm assay, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Statistical analysis of the data was performed with the SPSS (SPSS Inc., Version 18.0, Chicago, IL, USA). The Student's t‐test was used to determine whether there was a significant difference in the structural–morphological effects with and without plasma.
Results
Significantly less S. mutans adhesion was observed in group 1A compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the surface roughness was significantly greater in group 2A compared with the other groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
The application of plasma did not result in any structural–morphological and topographic changes in the enamel. The combined bleaching method using plasma and a low concentration of 15% CP was less destructive, particularly with respect to tooth surface changes.
This study aimed to assess the usefulness of injury biomarkers specific to the intestines in identifying the presence and degree of intestinal epithelial damage in coccidiosis-infected calves. Forty ...calves of various breeds and sexes, aged 21 days to 60 days, were used in the study. Of these, 30 were in the experimental group, and 10 were healthy control. The McMaster Oocyte counting technique was used to diagnose Eimeria and confirm clinical coccidiosis. Cases with clinical signs and more than 5,000 oocysts in gram feces were included in the study. All calves had blood samples drawn at the 0th hours and 72nd hours. Blood gas measurements were performed with a blood gas analyzer. Hemogram was performed with an automated hematologic analyzer. Bovine-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent analysis (ELISA) test kits were used to measure the intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF-3), intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), claudin-3 (CLD-3), intestinal smooth muscle actin (ACTG2), and interleukin-8 (IL-8) biomarkers from serum samples. Calves with coccidiosis received a single dose of toltrazuril (15 mg/kg) and supportive care. Before treatment (0th hours) in coccidiosis-infected calves, serum I-FABP and CLD-3 levels were greater than in healthy calves (p<0.05), and after treatment (72nd hours), serum TFF-3 and ACTG2 levels were higher than in healthy calves. There was a significant decrease in serum IL-8 levels in coccidiosis-infected calves after treatment (72nd hours) compared to pre-treatment (0th hours) (p<0.05). I-FABP, TFF-3, CLD-3, ACTG2, and IL-8 are helpful and reliable biomarkers that can be utilized to assess the presence of intestinal epithelium injury in coccidiosis-infected calves.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the biomarkers specific to lung endothelial and epithelial damage in the determination of lung injury and its severity in calves with perinatal ...asphyxia and to evaluate their prognostic importance among survivors and non-survivor calves. Ten healthy calves and 20 calves with perinatal asphyxia were enrolled in the study. Clinical examination and laboratory analysis were performed at admission. Serum concentrations of soluble advanced glycation end-product receptor (sRAGE), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), clara cell secretory protein (CC16), and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) were measured to assess lung injury. Venous pH, sO2, HCO3, and BE of calves with perinatal asphyxia were significantly lower than the healthy calves. sRAGE, sE-selectin, pCO2, and lactate were significantly high in calves with asphyxia. ROC analysis showed that sRAGE, sE-selectin, pCO2, lactate, and respiratory rate were higher while HCO3 and BE were lower in the nonsurvivor calves than survivors. In conclusion, serum sRAGE and sE-selectin concentrations highlight the utility of these biomarkers in determining lung injury in calves with asphyxia. Also, pH, pCO2, lactate, HCO3, BE, and respiratory rate along with serum sRAGE and sE-selectin were useful indicators in the prediction of mortality.
•Respiratory distress syndrome in calves with asphyxia is one of the most important causes of mortality.•Venous pH, pCO2, sO2, lactate, HCO3 and BE parameters are useful in the evaluation of lung functions in asphyxiated calves.•sRAGE at 2.03 ng/mL and sE-selectin at 2.71 ng/mL cut-off values are beneficial prognostic markers in calves with asphyxia.
A superconducting transition temperature (Tc) as high as 100 K was recently discovered in one monolayer FeSe grown on SrTiO3. The discovery ignited efforts to identify the mechanism for the markedly ...enhanced Tc from its bulk value of 8 K. There are two main views about the origin of the Tc enhancement: interfacial effects and/or excess electrons with strong electron correlation. Here, we report the observation of superconductivity below 20 K in surface electron-doped bulk FeSe. The doped surface layer possesses all the key spectroscopic aspects of the monolayer FeSe on SrTiO3. Without interfacial effects, the surface layer state has a moderate Tc of 20 K with a smaller gap opening of 4.2 meV. Our results show that excess electrons with strong correlation cannot induce the maximum Tc, which in turn reveals the need for interfacial effects to achieve the highest Tc in one monolayer FeSe on SrTiO3.
Surfactant deficiency, poor development of the lung structure and fibrosis as a result of inflammation are thought to play an important role in the development of respiratory distress syndrome in ...premature calves. Nebulised steroid (fluticasone), bronchodilator (salbutamol) and diuretics (furosemide) can be used in combination alongside standard treatment procedures for premature calves, and might improve viability as observed in infants, foals and horses with pulmonary disorders. Twenty-five premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome were used in this study. Oxygen and supportive treatment were administered to all groups. The first group was used as a control group (Group 1). The nebulised drug combinations were as follows: Group 2: fluticasone + salbutamol, Group 3: salbutamol + furosemide, Group 4: fluticasone + furosemide and Group 5: fluticasone + salbutamol + furosemide. During the 72-h time period of the study, fluticasone (15 µg/kg/12 h), salbutamol (0.025 mg/kg/6 h) and furosemide (1 mg/kg/12h) were applied for 5 min. Arterial blood samples were collected from the auricular artery at 0 h and at 1, 24, 48 and 72 h for blood gas analysis. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in arterial partial oxygen, oxygen saturation and peripheral oxygen saturation and decreases in arterial partial carbon dioxide, lactate and respiration rate were observed in all the nebulised treatment groups, while a statistical difference was observed only for arterial partial carbon dioxide in control group. When comparing the treated groups with the control, it may be concluded that nebulised drugs are highly effective in the therapy of premature calves with respiratory distress syndrome, while the different nebulised groups exhibited similar efficacies.
In this study, the DNA barcode of a regional Lessepsian sighting of the slender ponyfish Equulites elongatus is integrated with morphometric and meristic descriptors as a case study to address ...further identification problems in the Mediterranean Sea. The study also aims to contribute to the regional mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I information pool, to support other potential uses. The initial sighting of E. elongatus from the north‐eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey is provided from a trawl survey on 3 June 2015, where 76 specimens were captured during a 15 min tow.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the intestinal and cardiac biomarkers in the determination of intestinal and cardiac damage in dogs with parvoviral enteritis. The material of this study ...consisted of 10 healthy dogs (control group) and 30 dogs with parvoviral enteritis (experimental group) admitted to the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Selcuk University.Serum samples were extracted from the collected blood samples taken from vena cephalicavenipuncture for analysis of blood gases, haemogram and to measure the levels of intestinal-fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), trefoil factor 3 (TFF-3), claudin-3 (CLDN-3), heart-type fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test kits. Statistically significant decreases in the blood gas hydrogen ion concentration (pH), partial pressure of oxygen (pO2), sodium (Na), bicarbonate (HCO3), and oxygen saturation (SatO2) levels and significant increase in the levels of I-FABP, TFF-3, CK-MB, cTnI and also in the haemogram, a decrease in leukocyte (WBC) level and an increase in platelet (THR) level were detected in parvoviral dogs compared to the control group (p⟨0.05). Also ROC analysis revealed on 0th hour for the utility of I-FABP and on 48th hour for TFF-3 in differentiating in the experimental group between the survivor and non-survivor dogs. Other intestinal-related biomarker (CLDN-3) and none of the cardiac-related biomarkers (H-FABP, CK-MB and cTnI) are not high enough for prediction of mortality.In conclusion, it was determined that I-FABP and TFF-3 for the intestinal injury and morta-lity prediction, and CK-MB and cTnI for the cardiac injury were useful and reliable biomarkers to determine the damage caused by parvovirus in dogs.
Orbital-driven nematicity in FeSe Baek, S-H; Efremov, D V; Ok, J M ...
Nature materials,
02/2015, Letnik:
14, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
A fundamental and unconventional characteristic of superconductivity in iron-based materials is that it occurs in the vicinity of two other instabilities. In addition to a tendency towards magnetic ...order, these Fe-based systems have a propensity for nematic ordering: a lowering of the rotational symmetry while time-reversal invariance is preserved. Setting the stage for superconductivity, it is heavily debated whether the nematic symmetry breaking is driven by lattice, orbital or spin degrees of freedom. Here, we report a very clear splitting of NMR resonance lines in FeSe at Tnem = 91 K, far above the superconducting Tc of 9.3 K. The splitting occurs for magnetic fields perpendicular to the Fe planes and has the temperature dependence of a Landau-type order parameter. Spin-lattice relaxation rates are not affected at Tnem, which unequivocally establishes orbital degrees of freedom as driving the nematic order. We demonstrate that superconductivity competes with the emerging nematicity.
Racecadotril, used as an antidiarrheal drug in humans and some animals such as the dog, inhibits peripheral enkephalinase, which degrades enkephalins and enkephalinase inhibition induces a selective ...increase in chloride absorption from the intestines. The study material consisted of 46 calves with infectious diarrhea and 14 healthy calves in the age 2-20 days. The calves were divided into eight groups; healthy calves (HG), healthy calves administered racecadotril (HRG), calves with E.coli-associated diarrhea (ECG), calves with E.coli-associated diarrhea administered racecadotril (ECRG), calves with bovine Rotavirus/Coronavirus-associated diarrhea (VG), calves with bovine Rotavirus/Coronavirus-associated diarrhea administered racecadotril (VRG), calves with C. parvum-associated diarrhea (CG) and calves with C. parvum-associated diarrhea administered racecadotril (CRG). Calves in the racecadotril groups received oral racecadotril at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg twice a day for 3 days. A routine clinical examination of all calves was performed. Hemogram and blood gas measurements were made from the blood samples. Standard diarrhea treatment was applied to the HG, ECG, CG, and VG groups. Clinical score parameters such as appetite, feces quality, dehydration, standing and death and some blood gas and hemogram parameters were evaluated to determine the clinical efficacy of racecadotril. Clinical score parameters were determined observationally. Blood gas measurements were performed using a blood gas analyzer. The hemogram was performed using an automated hematologic analyzer. Statistically significant differences were determined in the blood pH, bicarbonate, base deficit, lactate, and total leukocyte count in calves with diarrhea compared to healthy calves. After the treatments, these parameters were found to be within normal limits. At the end of treatment, 42 of the 46 diarrheal calves recovered, while 4 died. We found that racecadotril was effective in improving both clinical recovery and feces consistency in neonatal calves with diarrhea caused by E. coli. As a result, it can be stated that racecadotril, which has an antisecretory effect, is beneficial in the treatment of bacterial diarrhea caused by such as E. coli.
The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiotoxic effect of the combination of tilmicosin and diclofenac sodium in sheep. Thirty-two sheep were used and were randomly divided into four equal ...groups as tilmicosin (T), diclofenac sodium (D), tilmicosin+diclofenac sodium (TD) and control (C) group. Group T received a single dose of tilmicosin, Group D was administered diclofenac sodium once a day for 3 days, and group TD was administered diclofenac and tilmicosin at the same doses as group T and D. Group C received NaCl in a similar way. The blood samples were taken before dosing and at 4th, 8th, 24th and 72nd hour post-dosing for measurement of cardiac markers such as H-FABP, cTn-I, CK-MB. H-FABP level of group TD was found to be significantly (p⟨0.05) higher than of group C at the 8th, 24th and 72nd hour and group D and T at the 72nd hour. cTn-I and CK-MB levels of group TD were found significantly (p⟨0.05) higher compared with other groups. In conclusion, the combined use of tilmicosin and diclofenac in sheep causes an increase in cardiac biomarkers and it can be stated that this combination of drugs may cause cardiac damage.
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