The article is devoted to identifying the functional features of the phrase scheme “N1-6 + so + N1-6” in the texts of the journalistic and artistic styles of the Russian language. Structural, ...semantic and pragmatic characteristics of linguistic units of this structural type are considered. Various approaches to the description of phraseological schemes of the Russian language are commented, but the authors propose to consider the combination of structural-semantic and functional-communicative approaches as the main one for this study. It is noted that in the Russian language the studied phraseological scheme is presented in two homonymous variants, which have the meaning of the highest degree of manifestation of the feature and the meaning of consent / acceptance. Arguments for highlighting these options, which are confirmed by the difference in semantics, component composition and grammatical variability of each phraseological scheme, are given. The authors pay special attention to identifying the contextual meanings of this syntactic structure. Such types of meaning of consent and acceptance are considered, such as forced / uncontrolled, indifferent consent / acceptance, conscious / controlled, etc. The relevance of the study is due to the emergence of new facts of phraseologization of syntactic units in speech and the application of complex analysis to the phraseological units under consideration. The material was the texts of the National Corpus of the Russian language, as well as the authors’ card index.
Poly(methacryloylamino galactose) is synthesized, and the hydrodynamic characteristics of its macromolecules in aqueous solutions are studied by translational diffusion, velocity sedimentation, and ...viscometry. Experiments are performed using polymer fractions. Polydispersity of the systems under study is estimated. The system of scaling relations is obtained in a wide molecular mass range. The equilibrium rigidity of poly(methacryloylamino galactose) chains is calculated from the translational and rotational friction data.
Poly(methacryloylamino galactose) has been synthesized by a modified method, which enables one to increase the yield of the polymer substance. Samples and fractions have been studied by molecular ...hydrodynamics methods. Molecular masses, scaling relations, and data on equilibrium rigidity of macromolecules have been estimated from the hydrodynamic characteristics.
The polycondensation of the mixture of diamines 5,5-methylene bis(2-aminophenol) and 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)dianiline (molar ratio 0.8:0.2) with isophthaloyl dichloride was used to synthesize ...poly(amido-o-hydroxy amide) (POA-F) - new heat resistant binder of the composites for microelectronics. The copolymer was fractionated, its hydrodynamic, optical, and conformational properties were researched, and molecular masses (ММ) of the fractions were defined. The polydispersity index was estimated. Based on experimental data, calculation of the size of a segment of Kuhn characterizing degree of an intramolecular orientation order and value of coefficients of the equation of Mark-Kuhn-Hauvink for viscometric and diffusion data were performed. It was demonstrated that introducing 20 mol % of the monomer with -CF3-groups does not lead to any changes in conformational properties of the macromolecules and does not change the degree of intramolecular orientational order (the Kuhn segment length). Optical characteristics of POA-F solutions are virtually similar to the corresponding values for POA prepared with the use of single amine-containing component-5,5-methylene bis(2-aminophenol). The received MM distribution for POA-F (prepolymer) provided the solubility of its films in alkaline solutions. The heat resistance (τ5 and τ10-temperatures corresponding to 5% and of 10% PBO-F mass loss of a polymer) of the powders and the films of PBO, PBO-F were determined. The electrophysical parameters-dielectric permittivity (ε) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) of the PBO-F films decreased down to 3.30 and 0.017, in comparison 3.40 and 0.025 for PBO respectively.
•Water-soluble O,N-(2-sulfoethyl)chitosans (SEC) were prepared and characterized.•Aggregation behavior of SEC in dilute solution depends on the DS and the solvent.•SEC loses solubility due to the ...formation of ionic crosslinks upon dehydration.
A series of water-soluble sulfoethylated chitosans (SEC) with degrees of substitution (DS) up to 130% were obtained using a heterogeneous reaction of chitosan with sodium 2-chloroethanesulfonate in 85% isopropanol in the presence of NaOH. NMR and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed that sulfoethylation of chitosan preferentially happens at hydroxyl groups and to some extent at amino groups, giving mixed substituted O,N-SEC. Chitosan shows positive birefringence, whereas SEC shows negative values, indicating self-organization in dilute solution. Dynamic light scattering studies revealed the presence of aggregates in dilute solutions of chitosan and SEC. The sizes of the SEC aggregates are sensitive to the DS and the nature of the solvent. X-ray diffraction of SEC films revealed that the introduction of sulfoethyl groups into chitosan leads to amorphization, which is more pronounced at higher DS. During the storage of SEC films, the samples loose solubility due to the formation of ionic crosslinks upon dehydration.
The hydrodynamic characteristics of macromolecules of a random copolymer of
N
-methyl-
N
-vinylacetamide and
N
-methyl-
N
-vinylamine hydrochloride containing 43.6% charged units in the ...molecular-mass range of 27 × 10
3
to 355 × 10
3
are studied. For solutions in 0.2 M NaCl, sedimentation and translational-diffusion coefficients are determined. For salt-free solutions and for solutions in 0.2 and 5.0 M NaCl, the intrinsic viscosities of the fractions are found. The lengths of the statistical segments of the chains are estimated in terms of the Gray-Bloomfield-Hearst theory. The behavior of the polycation, whose uncharged counterpart is a hydrophilic polymer, is compared to the behavior of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate), whose uncharged counterpart is a hydrophobic polymer. The comparison is based on normalized scaling relations. It is shown that the level of compaction of macromolecules of strong polyelectrolytes at a high ionic strength is determined by the degree of hydrophobicity of their polymer chains. Polyelectrolytes based on hydrophilic polymers cannot be compacted into a preglobular state; their chains preserve a swollen coil conformation up to maximally high values of ionic strength.
Polycondensation of a mixture of diamines, 3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and bis-(3-aminopropyl)dimethylsiloxane taken in a 3: 2 molar ratio, with isophthaloyl chloride was used to ...synthesize a silicon-containing poly(
ortho
-hydroxyamide) POA-Si exhibiting an increased adhesion to such substrates as Si, SiO
2
, quartz, glass, and glass-ceramics. The polymer was separated by the fractional precipitation method into seven fractions and its polydispersity was evaluated. The degree of intramolecular orientation ordering (Kuhn segment) was determined and Mark–Kuhn–Houwink equations were derived, which can be used to determine the molecular masses of the newly synthesized samples.
Water‐soluble PMVA was synthesized by radical polymerization methods. A number of polymer samples were fractionated in the chloroform‐diethyl ether system. Fractions were studied by molecular ...hydrodynamics methods (sedimentation velocity, translational isothermal diffusion and viscosity) in H2O and DMF. The molecular masses of fractions were determined and the Kuhn‐Mark‐Houwink‐Sakurada relationships were obtained in the molecular mass range of 3.5 < M × 10−3 g · mol−1 <540. A negative temperature coefficient of the characteristic viscosity was obtained in both solvents. The Kuhn statistic segment length and the hydrodynamic diameter of the molecule were estimated for PMVA. The hydrodynamic volumes, occupied by the molecules of PMVA, poly(1‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone), poly(vinylformamide), and pullulan were compared.
New water‐soluble synthetic polymers which can be used as potential carriers of biologically active substances are studied by hydrodynamic methods in a 150‐fold range of molecular masses. The conformational parameters of poly‐N‐methyl‐N‐vinylamide chain are estimated through the comparison of hydrodynamic characteristics with the molecular masses.
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