Breast cancer (BC) represents 25% of all malignancies in Croatian women, and in 18.8% of cases, it is diagnosed before the age of 50. Croatia launched BRCA testing of people at increased family risk. ...Hereditary BC is mainly caused by a pathogenic mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene and is a significant risk factor for developing breast and ovarian cancer. The present study included 127 women diagnosed with BC, with a strong family history of BC and the known status of the germline mutations in the BRCA1/BRCA2 genes. The majority of women were BRCA1/2 mutation non-carriers, while 15.7% were BRCA1/2 mutation carriers, and 4% had a variant of unknown significance (VUS). BRCA1/2 mutation carriers were younger than non-carriers (median 38.5 years vs. 44 years) (P=.01) and had tumors of higher histological grade (P<.001). The intrinsic subtype of BC differs significantly depending on the type of mutation (P<.001). Triple-negative BC prevailed (87.5%) in BRCA1 mutation carriers, and 12.5% had a luminal B/HER2-negative BC. Four patients were BRCA2 mutation carriers, and two of them had luminal B/HER2-positive BC. Most BRCA1/2 non-carriers (69.2%) and all VUS-carriers have luminal B/HER2-negative BC. Our results show that BRCA1/2 mutation testing is essential for women with a family history burden. It is a piece of valuable information in breast cancer risk assessment and contributes to early diagnosis.
INTRODUCTION: Croatia launched the National program for the early detection of breast cancer (BC) in 2006. The program targets women between the age of 50 and 69 to take a mammogram every two years. ...About 60% of women performed mammography through the program. The study aimed to determine the difference in breast cancer’s pathohistologic features before and after the introduction of screening. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was collected retrospectively in a single high volume center for women diagnosed with invasive BC in the period before the introduction of mammography screening (2005-2007; N=1833), and from newly diagnosed (2017-2019; N=2676). Statistical significance of the findings was evaluated using Chi square test. RESULTS: We recorded a 31.5% increase in the number of patients referred to our hospital in the post-screening period. However, no statistically significant reduction in tumor size, histological grade or the number of positive axillary lymph nodes was detected in newly diagnosed BC compared to those diagnosed over ten years ago. The mean age of BC incidence was 61 years, with the mean tumor size of 22 mm (median 18 mm), in both periods. The significant difference occurred in the distribution of the intrinsic subtypes of BC (P<.001). About 45% of patients were diagnosed with pT1N0 stage, in both periods. CONCLUSION: In the post-screening period, we treated 32% more newly diagnosed breast cancers. However, pathohistological features of BC, along with the average tumor size, did not change.
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women. During tumor growth, periods of hypoxia are followed by reoxygenation due to neovascularisation leading to disturbed ...redox homeostasis. ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) produced under hypoxia activate HIF1α. ROS can also activate the major antioxidant transcription factor NRF2, but also cause damage to biomolecules. Lipids are susceptible to peroxidation, as evidenced by the formation of reactive aldehydes, among which, HNE (4-hydroxynonenal) is the most studied one. Knowing that HIF1α (Hypoxia Inducing Factor 1α) is associated with breast cancer malignancy, we aimed to investigate its correlation with HNE and NRF2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). Our results show that HIF1α is activated in breast cancer, indicating an increase in ROS but not followed by HNE production. On the other hand, NRF2 was increased in all types of breast cancer suggesting that oxidative stress is present in these pathologies, but also supporting HIF1α. Interestingly, NRF2 was activated in HER2 positive and TNBC, indicating the role of stromal NRF2 in breast cancer malignancy.
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•NRF2 is present and activate in all types of breast cancer.•HNE is present in very low levels in breast cancer.•HNE is absent in HER2 + and TNBC stroma.•NRF2 is present and activated in stroma of HER2 + tumora and TNBC.
The aim of this study was to investigate the association of infrared imaging findings and hormone receptor (estrogen and progesterone) status in breast cancers. The study was carried out at ...Department of Surgical Oncology and Department of Pathology, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital Center, in collaboration with licensed infrared thermography experts. The study involved 75 female patients with invasive breast tumors. Thermography findings were compared with different immunohistochemical findings (hormone status positive or negative). Seventy-five female patients aged 36 to 86 years, mean age 64 +/- 11.36 years, were examined. The tumor itself and the breast containing the tumor were statistically significantly warmer (p < 0.001) than the healthy breast in all study patients. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) between patients with positive and those with negative estrogen receptors. Unlike all previously published results of various thermographic studies, results obtained in this study on the hormone receptor status analyzed and its impact on thermographic findings indicated that estrogen negative tumors had a higher maximum and average temperature than estrogen positive tumors. It was also observed that estrogen negative tumors had lower impact on warming of the entire breast, and that maximum and average temperature of the affected breast was higher in estrogen positive tumors. Arithmetic means of maximum and average tumor temperatures were statistically significantly higher for progesterone negative tumors compared with progesterone positive tumors (p < 0.05). Thermographic findings correlated with the specific hormonal status of breast invasive tumors, which reflects the biological behavior of tumors as well as their clinical variables.
Primary adult Ewing's sarcoma is a rare entity. They most commonly occur in children and young adults. 6% of them are localized extraosseously. We present a case of a 51 year old patient with primary ...renal Ewing's sarcoma and multiple metastases in liver and iliac bone. Patients with metastatic disease are usually treated with aggressive chemotherapy and have a poor outcome. Our patient underwent complete surgical excision of tumour, and was treated with aggressive chemotherapy, respectively. Two and half years after presentation he is well, without any symptoms.
Razvojem dijagnostičkih mogućnosti, i probira karcinom dojke se otkriva u sve ranijem stadiju, zbog čega se teži sve poštednijim metodama lokalnog liječenja tumora. Nove, neinvazivne i minimalno ...invazivne metode trebale bi pružiti jednaku lokalnu kontrolu, ali uz manje kozmetske defekte, nuspojave i komplikacije u odnosu na kirurške zahvate. Trenutno je u istraživanju pet metoda: krioablacija, radiofrekvencijska ablacija, laserska ablacija, mikrovalna ablacija i ablacija fokusiranim ultrazvučnim valovima. Neke od navedenih metoda pokazuju ohrabrujuće rezultate, ali zahtijevaju dodatno tehničko usavršavanje i prospektivnu usporedbu s današnjim zlatnim standardom - onkoplastičnim kirurškim zahvatima.
Rekonstrukcija dojke Milas, Ivan; Zore, Zvonimir; Roth, Andrej ...
Libri oncologici,
12/2014, Letnik:
42, Številka:
1-3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Karcinom dojke je načešći maligni tumor kod žena u Hrvatskoj. On je i vodeći uzrok smrti kod žena oboljelih od malignih bolesti. Njegovo liječenje izaziva jedan od najvećih strahova kod žena a to je ...gubitak jedne ili obje dojke. Tako se radi pogubnog psihološkog učinka ove bolesti sve veći broj žena odlučuje za rekonstrukciju. Zadnjih dvadesetak godina pratimo izraziti napredak u rekonstrukcijskim tehnikama, bilo vlastitim tkivom bilo ugradbenim materijalima. Ovaj članak nam daje kratki povjesni razvoj i današnji pregled o mogućnostima rekonstrukcije. Također, pregled prednosti i nedostataka
rekonstrukcijskih tehnika, koje nam mogu pomoći u izboru, vremena i načina rekonstrukcije. Krajnji cilj rekonstrukcije dojke treba biti, onkološki siguran zahvat kojime je žena zadovoljna.
Prema podacima Registra za rak karcinom kolorektuma je treće najčešće tumorsko sijelo u Hrvatskoj. U zadnjih deset godina imamo brojna nova saznanja o patogenezi i molekularnim karakteristikama ...karcinoma kolorektuma. Više od 90% kolorektalnih karcinoma su adenokarcinomi po histološkom tipu, porijekla epitelnih stanica kolorektalne mukoze. Stadij tumora je najbitniji prognostički čimbenik za pacijente s tom bolešću. U današnje je vrijeme TNM klasifikacija zamijenila druge klasifikacijske sustave (Dukes, Astler-Coller) i koristi se kao zlatni standard u svakodnevnoj praksi. 2012. na Hrvatskom kongresu patologa, doneseni su standardi za sva tumorska sjela, koje mora zadovoljavati svaki patohistološki nalaz. Budućnost prognoze i terapije kolorektalnog karcinoma je otkriće novih molekularnih podtipova prema kojima bi se određivala personalizirana onkološka terapija te odredile nove strategije liječenja.
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