Although it is known that human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DPB1 disparity has a strong impact on outcomes in unrelated hematopoietic transplantation with induction of acute graft-versus-host disease ...(GVHD) and a graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, its role in unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UR-CBT) has yet to be fully clarified. Our current study is being conducted to elucidate the impact of HLA-DPB1 mismatch, along with the effect of other HLA loci mismatches at the allele level. HLA six loci alleles were retrospectively typed in 1157 Japanese donors and patients with leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome who underwent transplantation with a single unit of cord blood. HLA-DPB1 mismatch was associated with a significant reduction in leukemia relapse (hazard ratio 0.61, P<0.001), whereas the other HLA loci allele-level mismatches did not. No significant effect of HLA-DPB1 mismatch was observed in the risk of acute GVHD, engraftment or mortality. This HLA-DPB1 GVL effect without induction of severe acute GVHD or deterioration of survival rate has not been reported in unrelated bone marrow or peripheral blood stem cell transplantations, suggesting apparent advantages of UR-CBT. Accordingly, selection of an HLA-DPB1 mismatch cord blood might be the preferable choice for single-unit UR-CBT.
The sequestrate (truffle-like) basidiomycete genera Rossbeevera, Chamonixia, and Octaviania are closely related to the epigeous mushroom genera Leccinum and Leccinellum. In order to elucidate the ...properties and placement of several undescribed sequestrate
taxa in the group and to reveal the evolutionary history of Rossbeevera and its allies, we conducted phylogenetic analyses based on three nuclear (ITS, nLSU, EF-1α) and two mitochondrial DNA loci (ATP6 and mtSSU) as well as precise morphological observations. Phylogenetic
analyses of three nuclear loci suggest a complex evolutionary history with sequestrate fruiting bodies present in several clades, including a previously unrecognized sister clade to Rossbeevera. Here we propose a new sequestrate genus, Turmalinea, with four new species and one
new subspecies as well as two new species of Rossbeevera. The three-locus nuclear phylogeny resolves species-level divergence within the Rossbeevera-Turmalinea lineage, whereas a separate phylogeny based on two mitochondrial genes corresponds to geographic distance within each
species-level lineage and suggests incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and gene introgression within several intraspecific lineages of Rossbeevera. Furthermore, topological incongruence among the three nuclear single-locus phylogenies suggests that ancient speciation within Rossbeevera
probably involved considerable ILS. We also found an unusually long, minisatellite-like insertion within the ITS2 in all Rossbeevera and Turmalinea species. A barcode gap analysis demonstrates that the insertion is more informative for discrimination at various taxonomic levels
than the rest of the ITS region and could therefore serve as a unique molecular barcode for these genera.
The sequestrate fungi of Japan, including truffle and truffle-like fungi, have not been well characterized but are potentially diverse. We investigated the diversity and phylogeny of Japanese ...Octaviania specimens using a multifaceted approach including scanning and transmission
electron microscopy as well as analysis of nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS and LSU) and EF-1α (tef1) sequences. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the genus Octaviania is divided into three major clades, and that there are at least 12 species-level lineages in Japan. Accordingly,
we describe two new subgenera, Parcaea and Fulvoglobus, and eleven new species. Subgenus Parcaea accommodates four highly divergent, but macromorphologically almost indiscernible cryptic species. We discuss not only the diversity and species delimitation within the genus
Octaviania but also the phylogeography of the Japanese taxa and their relatives.
Neutron scattering studies reveal that a crystal-field-splitting ground state of Pr3+ 4f2 electrons in a partially filled PrxFe4Sb12 (x < 1) is a triplet. A magnetically ordered structure below 4 K ...consists of both magnetic moments at the Pr and Fe sites, in contrast to the x 1 system without any magnetic ordering due to the 4f-electron singlet ground state.
The Basidiomycota constitutes a major phylum of the kingdom Fungi and is second in species numbers to the Ascomycota. The present work provides an overview of all validly published, currently used ...basidiomycete genera to date in a single document. An outline of all genera of Basidiomycota is provided, which includes 1928 currently used genera names, with 1263 synonyms, which are distributed in 241 families, 68 orders, 18 classes and four subphyla. We provide brief notes for each accepted genus including information on classification, number of accepted species, type species, life mode, habitat, distribution, and sequence information. Furthermore, three phylogenetic analyses with combined LSU, SSU, 5.8s, rpb1, rpb2, and ef1 datasets for the subphyla Agaricomycotina, Pucciniomycotina and Ustilaginomycotina are conducted, respectively. Divergence time estimates are provided to the family level with 632 species from 62 orders, 168 families and 605 genera. Our study indicates that the divergence times of the subphyla in Basidiomycota are 406–430 Mya, classes are 211–383 Mya, and orders are 99–323 Mya, which are largely consistent with previous studies. In this study, all phylogenetically supported families were dated, with the families of Agaricomycotina diverging from 27–178 Mya, Pucciniomycotina from 85–222 Mya, and Ustilaginomycotina from 79–177 Mya. Divergence times as additional criterion in ranking provide additional evidence to resolve taxonomic problems in the Basidiomycota taxonomic system, and also provide a better understanding of their phylogeny and evolution.
The sequestrate genus
Chamonixia
has been shown to have affinities to the Boletales, in particular the genus
Leccinum
. Australasian and Japanese species of
Chamonixia
were examined using ...morphological and molecular (ITS and nLSU rDNA) data and found to also have affinities with
Leccinum
and
Leccinellum,
however they form a distinct clade separate from the European type species
C
.
caespitosa
Rolland and North American species. A new genus,
Rosbeeva
T.Lebel & Orihara gen. nov., is proposed for the Australasian, Japanese and Chinese taxa. The species
R. mucosa
(Petri) T.Lebel comb. nov. is restricted in distribution to Singapore and Borneo, and
R. pachyderma
(Zeller & C.W. Dodge) T.Lebel comb. nov. to New Zealand, with Australian collections considered to belong to a revised
R. vittatispora
(G.W.Beaton, Pegler & T.W.K.Young) T.Lebel comb. nov. or a new species
R. westraliensis
T. Lebel sp. nov. The Chinese species
R. bispora
(B.C.Zhang & Y.N.Yu) T.Lebel & Orihara comb. nov is transferred to the new genus based upon morphological data. Two new species from Japan,
Rosbeeva eucyanea
Orihara and
R. griseovelutina
Orihara, are also described and illustrated. A key to all species of
Rosbeeva
is provided. Due to the highly modified gastroid sporocarp forms of both
Chamonixia
and
Rosbeeva
, many macroscopic characters of use in agaricoid taxonomy are difficult to interpret. However, color change and texture of sporocarps are of some use to distinguish genera and species. Microscopic characters such as spore shape, dimensions, and ornamentation, and pileipellis and hymenophoral trama structure, are essential for determining genera and species.
Background: Lafutidine is an H2‐receptor antagonist with gastroprotective action through capsaicin‐sensitive afferent neurons and relatively inexpensive compare to proton‐pump inhibitors (PPIs). A ...7‐day course of PPIs–amoxicillin–metronidazole is recommended as standard second‐line Helicobacter pylori therapy and is covered by national health insurance in Japan. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of second‐line eradication using the H2‐receptor antagonist lafutidine as a substitute for a PPI.
Materials and Methods: Fifty‐two patients who failed in first‐line eradication using PPI–amoxicillin–clarithromycin were randomly assigned to a 7‐day course of rabeprazole at 10 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin at 750 mg b.i.d., and metronidazole at 250 mg b.i.d. (RPZ‐AM) or a 7‐day course of lafutidine at 10 mg t.i.d., amoxicillin at 750 mg b.i.d., and metronidazole at 250 mg b.i.d. (LFT‐AM) as second‐line therapy. Eradication was assessed by the 13C urea breath test. A drug susceptibility test was performed before the second‐line therapy.
Results: Prior to second‐line H. pylori eradication, the rate of resistance to clarithromycin was 86.5% and the rate of resistance to metronidazole was 3.8%. The eradication rates for both LFT‐AM and RPZ‐AM groups were 96% (95%CI = 88.6–100%). There were no severe adverse events in either group.
Conclusions: Lafutidine plus metronidazole–amoxicillin as second‐line therapy provided a high eradication rate and safe treatment similar to a PPI‐based regimen. Lafutidine‐based eradication therapy is therefore considered to be a promising alternative and is also expected to reduce health care costs in H. pylori eradication.
A new sequestrate (truffle-like) species, Rossbeevera yunnanensis, is described based on a collection from Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China. The species is morphologically characterized by ...its large, narrow, fusoid to fusiform basidiospores and remarkably thin peridium.
Maximum likelihood and neighbor joining phylogenies of our nLSU rDNA dataset indicate that the species constitutes the earliest diverging lineage within the genus Rossbeevera and has a close phylogenetic relationship to species of Leccinellum. Morphological and phylogenetic relationships
to the other Asian members of Rossbeevera are discussed.
Arachnion album was collected in Osaka and Hyogo Prefectures, western Honshu, Japan. This is a new record of this genus for Japan. Macro- and microscopic features of the species are described and ...illustrated based on the Japanese specimens, and comparisons with some related taxa of A. album are given.