Die Qualität klimakterischer Früchte wie Äpfel hängt in hohem Maße von der richtigen Erntezeit und den geeigneten Lagerbedingungen ab. Darüber hinaus ist bekannt, dass das Mikroklima um Obstbäume das ...Wachstum, die Reifung und die chemische Zusammensetzung von Früchten beeinflusst. Studien über die chemische Zusammensetzung von Äpfeln, die durch die Höhenlage der Obstanlage beeinflusst werden, sind jedoch nur wenige vorhanden, und daher muss das Wissen des Zusammenspiels und des Einflusses dieser Faktoren auf die Qualität von Apfelfrüchten verbessert werden. Das übergeordnete Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war eine bessere Kenntnis der Veränderungen verschiedener Fruchtmerkmale von Äpfeln des Typs „Golden Delicious Klon B“, die aus Anlagen in unterschiedlichen Höhenlagen stammen und in unterschiedlichen Reifegraden geerntet wurden. Darüber hinaus wurde untersucht, ob die Höhenlage unmittelbar nach der ULO-Lagerung und nach sechs Tagen shelf-life einen statistischen Einfluss auf die chemische Zusammensetzung der gelagerten Äpfel hatte. Die Ergebnisse der aktuellen Arbeit tragen zu einem besseren Verständnis der Auswirkungen des Erntedatums und der Höhenlage auf die Fruchtqualität und Lagerfähigkeit des „Golden Delicious-Klons B“ bei.
The quality of climacteric fruits, such as apples, depends to a great extent on the right harvesting time and appropriate storage conditions. Furthermore, it is known that the microclimate ...surrounding fruit trees influences the growth, maturation, and chemical composition of fruits. However, knowledge concerning the chemical composition of apple fruit as affected by orchard elevation is still scarce and thus the understanding of the interplay and influence of these factors on apple fruit quality needs to be improved. The overall goal of the present study was a better understanding of changes in several fruit characteristics of Golden Delicious clone B apples, derived from orchards located at different altitudes and harvested at different stages of maturity. Furthermore, it was investigated whether altitude has a statistical influence on the chemical composition of stored apples immediately after ULO storage and after six days of shelf-life. The results of the current work may lead to a better understanding of the impact of harvest date and orchard elevation on the fruit quality and storability of Golden Delicious clone B.
Auch heute noch führen physiologische und parasitäre Schäden welche sich während der Lagerung von Apfelfrüchten entwickeln können, zu erheblichen wirtschaftlichen Verlusten. Um den Lagerungsprozess ...von Äpfeln effizienter zu gestalten, wurde dank eines dreijährigen Interreg-V EU-Projektes, ein Software-gestütztes Bestimmungssystem zur Reduzierung von Lagerschäden im Obstbau entwickelt: Frudistor, aus 'fruit disorders storage'. Diese Web-Applikation kann durch ihre einfache, praktische und kostenlose Anwendung –zugänglich unter http://www.frudistor.de von jeglichem digitalen Endgerät aus (PC, Tablet bzw. Smartphone)– Produzenten, Lagertechniker, Handelsorganisationen und Konsumenten dabei begleiten, die verschiedenen Schäden, die während der Lagerung von Früchten entstehen können, zu identifizieren und zu erkennen, um ihnen vorbeugen zu können und sie zu vermeiden. Dies wird mit Hilfe eines ausgeklügelten, einfachen Filtersystems realisiert. Die Software enthält mehr als 40 technische Datenblätter (derzeit in Italienisch, Deutsch, Englisch und Niederländisch) und Bilder, die es ermöglichen, den Ursprung von Schäden schnell zu erkennen und somit eine Vermeidung zu gewährleisten.
Since physiological disorders and parasitical storage diseases of fruit in the postharvest chain of apple fruit cause sizable economic losses and waste valuable resources, there is an important need ...to correctly identify symptoms and to understand disorder development in order to put in place better strategies to prevent these disorders from occurring. For these reasons, an EU-funded INTERREG V-project “Alpenrhein, Bodensee, Hochrhein”, started in 2015 for a three-year period. This project involves partners from different research institutions in Germany, Switzerland and Italy. Under the name Frudistor (the acronym of fruit disorders storage) an online platform for PCs and smart mobile devices has been generated on the site http://www.frudistor.de. The information is structured into descriptions of the origin, cause, prevention, susceptible cultivars, and disorders and diseases which can be easily confused with each other. Additionally, photos of symptoms are linked to the text. Several options to filter search results simplify disease and disorder identification. For example, the type of the symptom: internal and external, or time of appearance. Currently, Frudistor contains more than 40 disorders translated into Italian, German, Dutch, and English. The idea of creating an application accessible to all, free, dynamic, and expandable, was born from the desire to support users (producers, storekeepers, marketing, and consumers), making the process of harvest and storage increasingly more efficient and sustainable. The following report collects a part of the result of this work, presenting some of the main damage that occurs during storage. The individual articles were written by the various authors who participated in the project and have been published in various journals in Italy, Germany, and Switzerland.
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS/DRESS) is a rare and severe adverse drug reaction with an associated mortality of 10-20%. Clinical ...worsening despite discontinuation of the culprit drug is considered a characteristic feature of DIHS/DRESS. Besides the early recognition of the syndrome and discontinuation of its causative drug, the mainstay of treatment is systemic corticosteroids. Nevertheless, treatment of severe DIHS/DRESS is not well defined, as corticosteroids may sometimes not be effective, and decreasing the dose may be associated with flaring of the disease.
A 38-year-old woman with high fever, malaise, abdominal pain, rash, and elevated liver enzymes received immediate high-dose N-acetylcysteine, because acetaminophen hepatotoxicity was suspected. N-acetylcysteine administration was associated with a significant clinical improvement. However, within the next week DIHS/DRESS syndrome was diagnosed, which explained all the symptoms, and which was subsequently treated with prednisone and valganciclovir.
New options necessary to improve treatment of severe DIHD/DRESS have to consider its sequential pathogenetic mechanisms. N-acetylcysteine might neutralize the drug-derived reactive metabolites, which are responsible for protein adduct formation and specific T cell stimulation, and replete the glutathione stores that counterbalance oxidative stress. Prednisone might inhibit lymphoproliferation and valganciclovir might prevent complications related to HHV-6 reactivation. We therefore propose the unprecedented combination of N-acetylcysteine, prednisone and valganciclovir as a treatment option for DIHS/DRESS.
Although inhaled glucocorticosteroids are recommended for persistent asthma, their long-term effect on recent onset, mild, persistent asthma has yet to be established.
We did a randomised, ...double-blind clinical trial in 7241 patients in 32 countries to assess the effects of budesonide in patients who had had mild persistent asthma for less than 2 years and who had not had previous regular treatment with glucocorticosteroids. Patients aged 5–66 years received either budesonide or placebo once daily for 3 years in addition to their usual asthma medications. The daily budesonide dose was 400 μg, or 200 μg for children younger than 11 years. The primary outcome was time to first severe asthma-related event, and analysis was by intention to treat.
198 of 3568 patients on placebo and 117 of 3597 on budesonide had at least one severe asthma exacerbation; hazard ratio 0·56 (95% CI 0·45–0·71, p<0·0001). Patients on budesonide had fewer courses of systemic corticosteroids and more symptom-free days than did those on placebo. Compared with placebo, budesonide increased postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV
1) from baseline by 1·48% (p<0·0001) after 1 year and by 0·88% (p=0·0005) after 3 years (expressed as percent of the predicted value). The corresponding increase in prebronchodilator FEV
1 was 2·24% after 1 year and 1·71% after 3 years (p<0·0001 at both timepoints). The effect of treatment on all outcome variables was independent of the baseline lung function (prebronchodilator or postbronchodilator) or baseline medication. In children younger than 11 years, 3-year growth was reduced in the budesonide group by 1·34 cm. The reduction was greatest in the first year of treatment (0·58 cm) than years 2 and 3 (0·43 cm and 0·33 cm, respectively)
Long-term, once-daily treatment with low-dose budesonide decreases the risk of severe exacerbations and improves asthma control in patients with mild persistent asthma of recent onset.
Background The Inhaled Steroid Treatment as Regular Therapy in Early Asthma (START) study enrolled 7241 patients aged 5 to 66 years with recent-onset, mild persistent asthma to assess early ...intervention with the inhaled corticosteroid budesonide on long-term asthma control. Objective The open-label phase of the START study was included to determine the effect on lung function and asthma control of adding budesonide to the reference group patients who had not initially received inhaled corticosteroids. Methods Patients were randomized to double-blind treatment with budesonide, 200 μg (those aged <11 years) or 400 μg once daily, or placebo plus the usual asthma therapy for 3 years, after which all patients received 2 years of open-label treatment with budesonide once daily. Results During the full 5-year study period, postbronchodilator FEV1 percent predicted decreased, irrespective of randomized treatment during the double-blind phase, by an average of 2.22% (SE, 0.15%). However, patients with inhaled budesonide in the double-blind phase had a significantly lower risk (odds ratio, 0.61; P < .001) of a severe asthma-related event during the full 5-year study period than those in the reference group. Moreover, patients in the reference group used more additional asthma medications during both the open-label and double-blind phases. Conclusions In mild persistent asthma early intervention with inhaled budesonide was associated with improved asthma control and less additional asthma medication use.
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