Subtalar ankle inversion with and without AirStirrup application was evaluated using high speed cinematographic techniques and a specially designed platform that inverts the ankle 35 O. Eighteen ...subjects aged 19 to 35 and with no history of ankle injury participated in the study. Two trials were filmed for each subject. Although the same ankle was tested in each trial, AirStirrups were applied to both ankles in one trial and to neither in the other trial so subjects could not anticipate the inversion stress. Points marked on the knee (posterior), the Achilles tendon, and the distal calcaneous were digitized. These data were smoothed employing cubic splines and used to calculate the maximum angular displacement (inversion) at the subtalar joint in each of the conditions tested. A t-test revealed a significantly (p c 0.001) larger inversion angle for the ankle not braced with fhe AirStirrup. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1987;9(5):190-193.
To evaluate incidences of pyometra and orthopedic, behavioral, urinary/reproductive, neoplastic, or atopic disease processes as outcomes for dogs undergoing either a laparoscopic-assisted ...ovary-sparing spay/hysterectomy (LapOSS) or a laparoscopic ovariectomy (LapOVE).
33 client-owned dogs.
Medical records of client-owned dogs presenting between August 2013 and May 2020 for elective LapOSS or LapOVE were reviewed. A multiple-choice client questionnaire was emailed to all clients whose dogs' complete medical records were available.
17 of the 33 dogs were in the LapOSS group, and 16 of 33 dogs were in the LapOVE group. Of the 17 dogs undergoing LapOSS, 5 of 17 (29%) underwent an elective OVE at a later date. The mean follow-up time was 4.2 ± 1.8 years for the LapOSS group and 4.3 ± 2.0 years for the LapOVE group. No dogs developed stump pyometra. One LapOSS dog developed mammary tumor, and 2 others developed nonreproductive malignant neoplasia while 2 of the LapOVE dogs developed malignant neoplasia. One of the LapOSS dogs with malignant neoplasia had an ovariectomy prior to development of disease.
Laparoscopic-assisted ovary-sparing spay appears to provide a safe and reliable method of sterilization, with no observable increased risk of pyometra with hysterectomy. Owners must be counseled prior to surgery regarding the consequences of gonadal hormone retention and multiple heat cycles.
The purposes of this paper are to describe an objective technique developed to assess the dynamic response of the peroneal muscles to a sudden inversion motion and to report the results obtained from ...testing injured and noninjured ankles. A platform was constructed to drop the ankle into a controlled degree of inversion while measuring the time to peroneal response and the angular rotation. Thirty volunteers were tested, 15 of whom had experienced a unilateral ankle sprain 3- 10 months prior to testing. Results show a trend toward delayed peroneal response and greater angular displacement at the time of peroneal response in injured ankles but analysis of variance showed no significant difference. The total angular displacement in the injured ankles was significantly greater. This objective technique could be used to evaluate treatment regimens and, by testing ankles soon after injury and serially, to evaluate readiness to return to activity. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1985;7(3):107-109.
Female fast pitch softball batters served in an examination of the dynamic characteristics of the bat during the swing through the use of three-dimensional cinematographic analysis techniques. These ...results were compared with those from previous studies of baseball batting. Findings are listed. (Author/DF)
This paper discusses a method of treating electrogoniometer data on angular velocity, angular acceleration, and angular displacement to elicit instantaneous values. (MB)
Background
Cachexia is a complex syndrome defined by weight loss due to an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass with or without loss of body fat. It is often associated with anorexia. Numerous ...results from experimental studies suggest that blockade of the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) could be an effective treatment for anorexia and cachexia. In a previous study, we reported the basic pharmacological properties of a blocking anti-MC4R mAb 1E8a and its scFv derivative in vitro and in vivo.
Methods
In the present study, we further characterized the mode of action of the 1E8a scFv, evaluated its pharmacokinetic properties in mice, and assessed its therapeutic potential in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cachexia model in rats.
Results
In vitro, scFv enhanced the efficacy of the endogenous inverse agonist Agouti-related protein. After intravenous (i.v.) administration in mice, the scFv penetrated the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and reached its central sites of action: the scFv brain–serum concentration ratios increased up to 15-fold which suggests an active uptake into brain tissue. In telemetry experiments, i.v. administration of the scFv in rats was well tolerated and only induced slight cardiovascular effects consistent with MC4R blockade, i.e., a small decrease in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. In the model of LPS-induced anorexia, i.v. administration of scFv 1E8a prevented anorexia and loss of body weight. Moreover, it stimulated a myogenic response which may contribute to the preservation of muscle mass in cachexia.
Conclusion
The pharmacological profile of scFv 1E8a suggests its potential value in the treatment of cachexia or anorexia.
Bycatch (accidental drowning in fishing nets) is a significant problem for some marine mammal species, but can be difficult to diagnose as there are no pathognomonic gross or histological lesions. In ...human medicine, biomarkers such as S100B are increasingly being used to investigate hypoxic-ischemic syndromes, but, to the authors’ knowledge, studies using this marker have not been reported for marine mammal species. The aims of the current study were to determine baseline postmortem S100B levels in a pinniped species, and to determine whether S100B levels were stable over a postmortem interval of 48 hr. Aqueous humor, which is simple to collect and avoids many of the problems associated with postmortem collection of blood, was used as a surrogate for serum. S100B was detected in the aqueous humor of acute deaths (<15 min) and was stable for up to 48 hr, with a wider variation in values at the 48-hr time interval.
The Parties Respond Brewer, Mark D.; Maisel, L. Sandy
2013, 20180420, 2012, 2018-04-20, 2012-08-07
eBook
Dramatic changes in political institutions and behavior over the past three decades have underscored the dynamic nature of American politics, confronting political scientists with a new and pressing ...intellectual agenda. The pioneering work of early postwar scholars, while laying a firm empirical foundation for contemporary scholarship, failed to consider how American politics might change or recognize the forces that would make fundamental change inevitable. In reassessing the static interpretations fostered by these classic studies, political scientists are now examining the underlying dynamics that generate transformational change.
Transforming American Politics brings together texts that address four closely related aspects of change. A first concern is documenting and explaining recent changes in American politics—in institutions, processes, behavior, and policy making. A second is reinterpreting classic studies and theories to provide a more accurate perspective on postwar politics. The series will look at historical change to identify recurring patterns of political transformation within and across the distinctive eras of American politics. Last and perhaps most important, the series presents new theories and interpretations that explain the dynamic processes at work and thus clarify the direction of contemporary politics. All of the books focus on the central theme of transformation—transformation in both the conduct of American politics and in the way we study and understand its many aspects.
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