The paper analyzes morphometric features of the slopes of Rab Island. Based on the digital elevation model, raster layers were calculated for the values of slope angle, aspect and curvature, as well ...as valley network, which was grouped using the Strahler method. A comparative analysis of the calculated values of morphometric parameters was conducted in the GIS environment. Spatial distribution of the values of each of the morphometric parameters was correlated to the structural and morphogenetic features of Rab Island. Differences between the slopes features within each of the morphogenetic types of the terrain were ascertained by comparing their morphometric features, and by using the valley network analysis.
The Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) is the basis for numerous methods for soil trafficability research. Since USCS data are not always available, various other data and methods are used to ...correlate and predict the USCS soil group. This paper describes two methods used for the purpose of mapping the Croatian part of the Pannonian Basin (PB) according to the USCS to a depth of 50 cm. In the first method, the possibility of the transfer of 308 profile samples according to the International Soil Science Society (ISSS) classification system into the USCS was examined. The results show that it is impossible to directly transform ISSS data into the USCS. In the second method 414 USCS profiles were used to analyse the weights of factors in the spatial analysis with inverse distance weighting (IDW). The analysis included layers of dominant and associated soil units of the Basic Soil Map of Croatia (BSM), Geological Map of Croatia (GM), drainage and catchment areas. The obtained weights were as follows: BSM 47.12%, catchment area 27.12%, GM 17.67% and drainage 8%. The results showed that PB in Croatia is covered with fine-grained soils, with clay covering almost the entire area and silt dominating in the western and north-western parts of the country.
Dolines are considered to be among the most prominent karst formations, which is why they can serve as diagnostic forms of karst. Their spatial distribution and density are important indicators of an ...area’s degree of karstification, as well as of an overall geomorphological development. The aim of this paper is to determine the spatial distribution and the density of dolines, and also to analyse the influence of geological structure and morphometric features of the terrain (hypsometry, slope inclination, relative relief) on the spatial distribution of dolines in the area of southeastern Velebit. Moreover, for the first time with regards to the Croatian karst, the spatial distribution of dolines was compared with the spatial distribution of entrances into caves in the southeastern Velebit’s area of Crnopac. The data on the dolines’ position were adopted from 1:25,000 scaled topographic maps. All data were digitalised and analysed with ArcGIS 10.1 software in the GIS laboratory of the Geographic Department of the Faculty of Science in Zagreb. The research showed a strong influence of morphometric parameters of the relief on dolines’ density. The most prominent occurrence of dolines is linked with the areas ranging from 1000 to 1200 meters of altitude, slope inclination lower than 2° and the relative relief of 100 – 200 m per km2. Furthermore, the highest density of dolines was recorded in the Jurassic carbonate layers, while it was determined that the zones of main faults do not have a significant influence on the increase of dolines’ density. A high degree of correlation was determined by comparing spatial distributions and density of dolines and entrances into caves.
The rainfall event during the night of 10th-11th September 2007 caused strong erosion in the gully of Potovosca on the Island of Krk. In the main fan, two new gullies and two fans were formed. Those ...morphological changes have been mapped, measured and explained, across the drainage basin in terms of topography and precipitation intensity. The drainage basin morphology was studied using GIS that allowed comparison of morphological and dynamic relationships within the study area. In order to obtain the relative potential erosion intensity between different points in the basin, as well as to differentiate areas with areal (diffuse) erosion from those with dominant linear erosion, the Stream Power Index (SPI) was calculated. The drainage basin specifi c properties were further related to the event specifi c properties, precipitation intensity and hydrologic estimations. The rainfall intensities obtained, allow the calculation of discharge at the gully mouth and the defi nition of recurrent periods using the rational method. The rainfall- runoff event studied was also infl uenced by the relatively high Antecedent Precipitation Index (API). This allows explanation of the morphological consequences of the short-term event. Consequently the interrelationship between short-term and long-term events has been discussed. In addition, the physiography of the gully has been recently modifi ed by human interference, which has also infl uenced the morphological consequences of the aforementioned short-term rainfall event.
GIS based buffer analysis methods were applied for analysing spatial distribution anddensity of dolinas in the NW part of Velika Kapela. Results extracted from existing spatialdatabases indicated ...spatial distribution of faults, as well as a degree of relationship betweendirection and density of dolinas with identified lineaments. By comparing faults identified fromdolina analysis, with faults identified during on-situ mapping, major tectonic blocks or unitswithin researched area were identified. Bigger regional and local faults identified from digitalelevation model are dividing larger tectonic units, while smaller local faults derived fromlinearly developed dolina are mostly dividing smaller tectonic blocks and can indicate theirdegree of faultness and deformities.
Karst plateaus often have a complex geological and geomorphological history. It is widely accepted that their development requires a long period of karst denudation. This study reconstructs the ...palaeodrainage network of a karst plateau, analyses its properties and establishes its geomorphological significance. The main purpose of this research was to deepen our understanding of a key stage in the evolution of karst plateaus — the transition from a fluvial land surface to one dominated by karst surface processes. The study was conducted on a large part of the Una–Korana plateau, the largest plateau in the Dinaric karst. The majority of the plateau is made of carbonate rocks of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous age that set the conditions for the development of the karst. We have reconstructed the palaeodrainage network based on 1:25,000 topographic maps with 10m contours. The transition of the surface drainage network to the underground karst drainage network is still in progress, so, depending on the degree of karstification, the drainage network was divided into three categories: active, dry and relict. It was found that 90.5% of the pre-existing drainage network has undergone some degree of karstification. The active surface drainage network gradually shifted to a dry network, then to a relict network. The surface drainage network is gradually replaced by a dense network of dolines. Today, the flat and karstified inter-fluvial area is drained underground towards the main watercourses and these drain the entire region over the surface towards the Pannonian basin. This is the largest known karst palaeodrainage network in the Dinaric karst that has been reconstructed in this way.
•The palaeodrainage network on a karst plateau of the Dinarides was reconstructed•Reconstructed drainage network consists of active, dry and relict valleys.•The relict valleys dominate with 78% of the total length.•Drainage network has similar parameters as the network in non-karst areas.•Doline density is the highest in the area of relict valleys.
This paper analyses the structural characteristics (shape, position and condition) of landscape patches in Central Lika according to landscape types and for the landscape of Central Lika as a whole. ...A set of indicators for the landscape structure was used along with GIS technology. Interrelation of the structural characteristics of landscape patches were determined using regression analysis. When determining the landscape types of Central Lika, a method based on land cover/land use was applied. For this purpose, data from the CORINE database for the year 2012 were used. At the level of the landscape type in Central Lika and the landscape of Central Lika as a whole, a set of indicators for the landscape structure were used, based on a variety of spatial analysis methods: Mean Shape Index – for the landscape patch shapes; Core Area Index – for the condition of the landscape patches, and Average Nearest Neighbour – for the position of the landscape patches. The most important result of this paper was to confirm the correlation between the shape and condition, and between the shape and position of the landscape patches of Central Lika, while no correlation between the condition and position of the landscape patches of Central Lika was found.
U ovom radu analiziraju se strukturna obilježja (oblik, položaj i stanje) uzoraka krajolika Srednje Like za tipove krajolika i krajolik Srednje Like u cjelini. Pri tome se koristi skup pokazatelja za strukturu krajolika i GIS tehnologija. Međuodnos strukturnih obilježja uzoraka krajolika utvrđen je linearno-regresijskom analizom. Pristup utvrđivanju tipova krajolika Srednje Like temelji se na zemljišnom pokrovu/načinu korištenja zemljišta. U tu svrhu korišteni su podatci baze podataka CORINE za 2012. godinu. Na razini tipa krajolika Srednje Like i krajolik Srednje Like u cjelini upotrijebljen je skup pokazatelja
za strukturu krajolika koji se temelji na različitim metodama prostorne
analize: Mean Shape Index − za oblik uzoraka krajolika; Core Area Index
– za stanje uzoraka krajolika;Average Nearest Neighbor – za položaj uzoraka krajolika. Najvažniji je rezultat ovog rada da je regresijskom analizom ustanovljena povezanost za oblik i stanje, te za oblik i položaj uzoraka krajolika Srednje Like, dok nije utvrđena povezanost za stanje i položaj uzoraka krajolika Srednje Like.
Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) osnova je brojnih metoda za istraživanje prohodnosti tla za vozila. Budući da podatci o USCS-u nisu uvijek dostupni, koriste se razni drugi izvori i metode ...za korelaciju i predviđanje USCS grupe tla. U ovome radu opisane su dvije metode korištene u svrhu kartiranja hrvatskog dijela panonskog bazena prema USCS-u do dubine tla od 50 cm. U prvoj metodi ispitana je mogućnost prijenosa 308 uzoraka tla prema sustavu klasifikacije International Soil Science Society (ISSS) u USCS. Rezultati su pokazali da nije moguće izravno transformirati podatke ISSS klasifikacije u USCS. U drugoj metodi korišteno je 414 USCS profila u analizi težišnih faktora u prostornoj analizi s ponderiranjem obrnute udaljenosti. Analizom su obuhvaćeni slojevi dominantnih i asocijativnih jedinica tala Osnovne pedološke karte Hrvatske (BSM), Osnovne geološke karte Hrvatske (GM), dreniranost tla i slivna područja. Dobivene ponderirane težine bile su: BSM 47,12 %, slivno područje 27,12 %, GM 17,67 % i dreniranost tla 8 %. Rezultati su pokazali da je panonski dio Hrvatske prekriven sitnozrnatim tlima, pri čemu je glinom prekriveno gotovo cijelo područje, dok prahovi dominiraju u zapadnim i sjeverozapadnim dijelovima panonskog bazena Hrvatske.
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