•Water vapour permeability values decreased in films with cellulose nanoparticle (CN).•Starch films (chayote and potato) with CN had the highest tensile strength.•Melting temperature of starch films ...increased for addition of CN.•Reduction in ΔH value indicated no ordering in double helices of the polysaccharides.
The aim of this study was to characterize chayotextle starch films reinforced with cellulose (C) and cellulose nanoparticle (CN) (at concentrations of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.8% and 1.2%), using thermal, mechanical, physicochemical, permeability, and water solubility tests. C was acid-treated to obtain CN. The films were prepared by casting; potato starch and C were used as the control. The solubility of the starch films decreased with the addition of C and CN compared with its respective film without C and CN. No statistical difference (α=0.05) was found in the films added with different concentrations of C and CN. In general, the mechanical properties were improved with the addition of C and CN, and higher values of tensile strength and elastic modulus were determined in the films reinforced with CN. The melting temperature and enthalpy increased with the addition of C and CN, and the values of both thermal parameters were higher in the films with CN than with C; the enthalpy value of the film decreased when the concentration of C or CN increased in the composite. Low concentration of C and CN is better distributed in the matrix film. The addition of C and CN in the starch films improved some mechanical, barrier, and functional properties.
This research aims to find the optimal conditions for the encapsulation of anthocyanin extract using taro starch to increase the retention of active compounds (RAC), drying yield (DY), antioxidant ...activity, stability, and bioaccessibility. The microencapsulation is carried out in a spray dryer, and the process is optimized using response surface method (RSM), applying starch concentration and inlet air temperature as independent parameters. Optimized microcapsules (OM) are obtained with solids concentration of 20.9 % and inlet temperature of 125 °C as optimal conditions. Drying yield (70.1 %), moisture content (5.2 %), water activity (0.211), phenolic compound content (797.8 mg GAE/g), anthocyanins (469.4 mg CE3G/g), ABTS (116.2 mg AAE/g) and DPPH (104.4 mg AAE/g) are analyzed through RSM. Retention percentage in OM show values of 60 % in bioactive compounds up to four weeks of storage under accelerated storage conditions. Bioaccessibility of OM is 10 % higher than that observed in the extract without encapsulation during gastrointestinal digestion. The results in this study show that OM made with taro starch and obtained with RSM effectively protect through digestion and ensure bioactive compound stability during storage.
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•Anthocyanins were microencapsulated with taro starch.•Response surface method showed the optimal microencapsulation conditions.•Microencapsulates showed 60 % bioactive compounds until for up to 4 weeks of storage.•Bioactive compounds microencapsulate showed high resistance into gastric phase.•Optimized microcapsules showed a correlation up to 95 %, with the predictions by RSM.
To ensure the best quality bread, it is important to consider the speed of digestion of starch and proteins, as well as how time fermentation and storage time influence the rate of starch digestion ...and the texture of the bread. This study compared the effect of fermentation time and days of storage on the texture, physicochemical, protein and starch digestibility of sourdough bread. Texture profile analysis showed that the fermentation time in recently baked sourdough bread affects hardness, chewiness, and springiness. The electrophoretic profile showed a decrease in band thickness with increase in fermentation time, consistent with a higher percentage of protein digestion. While fermentation time did not significantly affect rapidly digestible starch (RDS) and slowly digestible starch (SDS), storage time resulted in a decrease in RDS and an increase in SDS. Sourdough breads had higher levels of resistant starch (RS). The digestibility characteristics of protein and starch, as well as texture properties, are significantly influenced by fermentation and storage time. The evidence suggests that sourdough bread has the potential to improve the digestion of protein and to effectively regulate the glycemic response, which is due to its higher levels of SDS and RS.
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•Mechanical milling affects thermal properties at long milling times.•Milling increases amylose content and promotes the formation of elastic gels (Ǵ).•Modified starches show a ...non-Newtonian flow behavior as reofluidizers.•Tan δ shows the modification of starch-generated elastic gels.
This work evaluates the effect of high-energy mechanical milling time (7 levels, 20–80 min) on amylose content, crystallinity pattern, temperature and gelatinization enthalpy, morphology, and rheological properties of chayotextle (Sechium edule Sw.) starch. After 30 min of milling, granular structure was affected, and amylose values were the highest while crystallinity and gelatinization enthalpy decreased significantly. These changes allowed to obtain gels with viscoelastic properties where the elastic character (Ǵ) prevailed upon the viscous modulus (Ǵ́). Native starch showed Tan δ values of 0.6, increased significantly (0.9) after 30 min of milling due to the surge in linear chains (amylose) and loss of granular structure. Native and modified starches showed high dependence on cutting or shear speed, presenting a non-Newtonian behavior (reofluidizers). These results indicate that mechanical grinding is an alternative to obtain modified starches with applications in the food industry.
Composites of polyvinyl alcohol, native banana starch, oxidized banana starch using glycerol like plasticizer, were studied by mechanical tests (MT), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), ...differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and solubility in water. The oxidized banana starch showed higher level of carboxyl groups than of carbonyl groups. Composites of native banana starch/polyvinyl alcohol and oxidized banana starch/polyvinyl alcohol showed irregularities, indicating incomplete dispersion of the polymers. However, the film elaborated with the blend oxidized banana starch/polyvinyl alcohol showed the highest mechanical properties and the melting temperature of the first transition, as well as the lowest water vapor permeability, indicating higher interaction between both polymers. The composite oxidized banana starch/polyvinyl alcohol showed higher water solubility than the one of its counterpart with native banana starch at 25°C, and similar values were obtained for both films at 60°C. The oxidation of banana starch in order to elaborate a film blended with polyvinyl alcohol improved some mechanical and barrier properties, and this composite could be used for specific applications in the packing of food.
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•The resistant starch microcapsules into the films improved quality in guava fruit.•The AA into the coverage showed a synergistic effect in the storage life of guava.•Starch/RR ...coverage decreases the respiration rate in the guava.•The weight loss decreased and firmness increase by use of edible coating.
Filmogenic solutions based on chayotextle (Shechium edule Sw.) starch mixed with microcapsules of resistant starch (RS) containing ascorbic acid (AA) were used as coatings for guavas. The viscosity properties of the coatings were affected by the concentration of microcapsules in the filmogenic solution. Fruits were coated by dipping them in filmogenic solutions without microcapsules (control) or in solutions with a concentration of microcapsules of 6.25% or 12.5%. Fruits were stored under controlled conditions (4 °C, 65% relative humidity), and the loss of weight, changes in the respiration rate (RR) and physicochemical parameters were assessed. In general, fruits coated with the control solution and solutions containing 6.25% and 12.5% microcapsules showed significant changes in the content of total soluble solids (TSS), pH, and titratable acidity (TA). Significant decreases in RR, firmness and weight were observed in fruits covered with the 12.5%, 6.25% and control solutions, respectively. Fruits covered with edible coatings showed a decrease in ripening, with lower values for their physicochemical properties and reduced changes in surface color compared with uncoated fruits.
Microcapsules were prepared using enzyme-treated corn starch with 16 and 20 h of hydrolysis time (ETCS 16 h-GA and ETCS 20 h-GA) and coated with gum (GA). Microcapsules made only from GA were used as ...control. The increase in hydrolysis time caused an increase in the number and size of pores on the corn starch. The percentage of total starch decreased with the increase in hydrolysis time, while apparent amylose increased. The starch/ascorbic acid ratio in the microencapsulation process was 1/0.1 (shell/core). Particle size to ETCS 16 h-GA and ETCS 20 h-GA were 1087.44 μm and 1245.43 μm, respectively. While that for GA microcapsules was 12.71 μm. The ETCS microcapsules showed a lower percentage of retention and surface ascorbic acid (AA) than GA microcapsules. ETCS 16 h-GA microcapsules lost less AA during storage time and provided a better protection for AA during digestion in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT); these benefits were more noticeable from day 7 of storage. ETCS can be used as a wall material, as it shows greater stability in the protection of AA and allows for a controlled release in the GIT.
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•The enzymatic hydrolysis time increases the number of holes in the starch.•Ascorbic acid viability was improved with use of enzyme treated starch.•Ascorbic acid release in digestive tract is best controlled using modified starch.•Microcapsules made with enzyme treated starch provide a better protection.
•The acid and thermal treatment on the chayote starch increased the values of crystallinity resistant starch and the thermal properties.•The microcapsules made of resistant starch showed a good ...retention capacity of ascorbic acid.•The mechanical properties in the films were improved when the concentration of microcapsules increased.•The ascorbic acid content and resistant starch increased in the films due to addition of microcapsules.
Chayotextle starch was modified by subjecting it to a dual treatment with acid and heating-cooling cycles. This caused a decrease in the content of amylose, which showed values of 30.22%, 4.80%, 3.27% and 3.57% for native chayotextle starch (NCS), starch modified by acid hydrolysis (CMS), and CMS with one (CMS1AC) and three autoclave cycles (CMS3AC), respectively. The percentage of crystallinity showed an increase of 36.9%–62% for NCS and CMS3AC. The highest content of resistant starch (RS) was observed in CMS3AC (37.05%). The microcapsules were made with CMS3AC due to its higher RS content; the total content of ascorbic acid of the microcapsules was 82.3%. The addition of different concentrations of CMS3AC microcapsules (0%, 2.5%, 6.255% and 12.5%) to chayotextle starch-based films (CSF) increased their tensile strength and elastic modulus. The content of ascorbic acid and RS in CSF was ranged from 0% to 59.4% and from 4.84% to 37.05% in the control film and in the film mixed with CMS3AC microcapsules, respectively. Water vapor permeability (WVP) values decreased with increasing concentrations of microcapsules in the films. Microscopy observations showed that higher concentrations of microcapsules caused agglomerations due their poor distribution in the matrix of the films.
Fettuccine‐type pasta was made from wheat semolina mixed with 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of huitlacoche mushroom powder (HMUP), and the effect on quality, physicochemical, antioxidant capacity, and ...color properties was studied. Proximate analysis studies on the pasta showed that a higher content of HMUP in the mixture increases lipids, fiber, and ash levels, without affecting protein content. Cooking time in the pasta decreased with increasing HMUP. Quality parameters as cooking loss, cooking weight gained, solubility index, and swelling were influenced by increased HMUP in the pasta. Luminosity (L*) values decreased drastically as HMUP increased. Cooking also influenced color parameters (ΔL* and ΔC*), Antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) and total phenols increased with higher HMUP concentrations in raw and cooked pasta. These results suggest that HMUP could be incorporated into semolina flour to prepare fettuccine‐type pasta, conferring healthy characteristics due to the preservation of antioxidant capacity after cooking.
Novelty impact statement
Huitlacoche powder concentration (5% to 25%) does not affect the quality properties of the pasta. Furthermore, increase of this concentration, caused a higher antioxidant activity, and a preservation of this activity by up to 40% even after the cooking process.
