Micro-Abstract The goal of the present study was to examine the risk factors and outcomes of 136 patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, ...vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin. Current smoking was a significant predictor of death, progression, or relapse at 2 years, and dose adjustment by hematopoietic nadir was neither positively nor negatively associated.
Central memory T cell (Tcm) and polyfunctional CD4 T cell responses contribute to vaccine-elicited protection with both human and bovine tuberculosis (TB); however, their combined role in protective ...immunity to TB is unclear. To address this question, we evaluated polyfunctional cytokine responses by CD4 T cell effector/memory populations from bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves by flow cytometry prior to and after aerosol challenge with virulent
. Polyfunctional cytokine expression patterns in the response by Tcm, effector memory, and effector T cell subsets were similar between BCG-vaccinated and
-infected calves, only differing in magnitude (i.e., infected > vaccinated). BCG vaccination, however, did alter the kinetics of the ensuing response to virulent
infection. Early after challenge (3 weeks post-infection), non-vaccinates had greater antigen-specific interferon-γ (IFN-γ)/tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and lesser IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-2 responses by Tcm cells than did vaccinated animals. Importantly, these differences were also associated with mycobacterial burden upon necropsy. Polyfunctional responses to ESAT-6:CFP10 (antigens not synthesized by BCG strains) were detected in memory subsets, as well as in effector cells, as early as 3 weeks after challenge. These findings suggest that cell fate divergence may occur early after antigen priming in the response to bovine TB and that memory and effector T cells may expand concurrently during the initial phase of the immune response. In summary, robust IFN-γ/TNF-α response by Tcm cells is associated with greater mycobacterial burden, while IFN-γ/TNF-α/IL-2 response by Tcm cells are indicative of a protective response to bovine TB.
Promoting effective immunity to Mycobacterium bovis infection is a challenge that is of interest to the fields of human and animal medicine alike. We report that 'd T cells from virulent M. bovis ...infected cattle respond specifically and directly to complex, protein and non-protein mycobacterial antigens. Importantly, we demonstrate for the first time that bovine 'd T cells specifically recognize small peptide antigens derived from the mycobacterial protein complex early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa protein:10 kDa culture filtrate protein (ESAT6:CFP10) and that this recognition requires direct contact with APC, but is independent of MHC class II. Furthermore, we show that M. bovis infection in cattle induces robust IL-17A protein responses. Interestingly, in contrast to results from mice, bovine CD4 T cells and not 'd T cells, are the primary source of this critical pro-inflammatory mediator. Bovine 'd T cells are divided into subsets based upon their expression of Workshop Cluster 1 (WC1). We demonstrate that the M. bovis-specific 'd T cell response is composed of a heterogeneous mix of WC1-expressing populations, with WC1.1+ and WC1.2+ subsets responding in vitro to mycobacterial antigens, and both subsets accumulating in the lesions of M. bovis infected animals. The results described herein enhance our understanding of 'd T cell biology and, as virulent M. bovis infection of cattle represents an excellent model of tuberculosis in humans, contribute to our overall understanding of the role of 'd T cells in the mycobacterial-specific immune response.
The nature of a nurse's job is changing dramatically. Nurses are assuming expanded roles for a broad range of patients in community-based care. Nurse educators have a responsibility to teach nursing ...students about the needs of patients and families in the home care setting.
To describe how the creation of a home care video series and a medication reconciliation simulation scenario were used as a teaching strategy in a simulation center.
The teaching strategy supported senior-level nursing students' understanding of the complexity of home care nursing and the nurse's role and responsibilities in care coordination, care transitions, and interprofessional practice.
The home care video scenario was received favorably by nursing students. Additional simulation video scenarios are needed that address the health disparities among underrepresented and vulnerable groups. There is potential to offer the simulation in a virtual-online format during the COVID-19 pandemic and social distancing mandates. J Nurs Educ. 2021;60(3):172-176..
In 2019, an estimated 6.3 million persons were under the supervision of the United States adult correctional systems and one in 40 adult persons were under correctional supervision. At year-end of ...2019, nearly seven in ten persons under correctional supervision were supervised in the community. A nurse's attitudes and beliefs about incarcerated persons may influence their behavior.
The purpose of this study was to examine nursing student's attitudes towards incarcerated persons and their perceptions of a clinical experience at a correctional facility.
Data from 137 nursing students were collected through a cross-sectional, electronic survey. The Attitude Towards Prisoners Scale (Melvin et al., 1985) was used. A post hoc analysis of perceptions of their clinical experience at a correctional facility was explored.
The mean scores of 93 and 94 (potential range of scores 0 to 144) suggest positive attitudes towards incarcerated persons exist, yet few nursing students report an interest in correctional nursing as a career. Although few (n = 5) students had a correctional nursing clinical experience, most perceived it as an effective clinical learning setting.
With high rates of incarceration, the researchers recommend that baccalaureate nursing programs include educational teaching strategies that focus on incarceration, incarceration stigma, and explore clinical learning experiences.
•Content focused on mass incarceration and addressing incarceration stigma is needed in nursing programs.•Nursing students appear to have positive attitudes towards incarcerated persons.•Nursing students viewed their correctional clinical placement as a positive experience with an effective preceptor.
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a significant cause of pediatric respiratory tract infections. It is estimated that two-thirds of infants are infected with RSV during the first year of life and ...it is one of the leading causes of death in this age group worldwide. Similarly, bovine RSV is a primary viral pathogen in cases of pneumonia in young calves and plays a significant role in bovine respiratory disease complex. Importantly, naturally occurring infection of calves with bovine RSV shares many features in common with human RSV infection. Herein, we update our current understanding of RSV infection in cattle, with particular focus on similarities between the calf and human infection, and the recent reports in which the neonatal calf has been employed for the development and testing of vaccines and therapeutics which may be applied to hRSV infection in humans.
Demand for home care has increased due to the expansion of preventive care, people living longer with chronic conditions, and the need for healthcare services as the baby boom population ages. Nurses ...must be prepared to meet the needs of patients and families in the home setting. Home care nursing simulations have been utilized as a teaching-learning strategy in baccalaureate nursing education, yet less is known about their use with practicing home care nurses and associate degree nursing students. The purpose of this pilot study using simulation was to prepare practicing nurses and student nurses to respond using nursing skills and clinical judgment. The convenience sample consisted of associate degree nursing students ( n = 9), practicing home healthcare nurses ( n = 8), and nursing faculty ( n = 2). The Simulation Effectiveness Tool - Modified (SET-M) Survey (Leighton et al., 2015) was utilized for data collection. Participants perceived the home healthcare simulation to be an effective practice experience with high overall agreement for Pre-briefing , Scenario-Confidence, Scenario-Learning , and Debriefing . The findings of this study provide data to support partnerships to provide home care simulation experiences for associate degree nursing students and practicing home care nurses.
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