BACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to conduct histological analysis of a human tooth resected with the periodontal insertion apparatus intact following treatment using biologically oriented ...preparation technique (BOPT). MATERIAL AND METHODSThis descriptive histological dento-periodontal study used an anterior tooth extracted with the surrounding periodontal tissues intact, following prosthetic restoration with BOPT. The sample patient was recruited from among those attending the Department of Dental Medicine at the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia (Spain). Eight serial sections of the restored tooth were processed. The relative location and histological characteristics of the cemented prosthetic crown, the dental tissues of the tooth prepared by BOPT technique, and the periodontal tissues were analyzed. RESULTSStructural analysis of the neoformed junctional epithelium showed that the number of layers decrease apically until there was a single row of cells perfectly adhered to the acellular cementum, and beneath the epithelium a connective tissue evidently free from inflammation. The tissues of the neoformed periodontium (gingival ligament, sulcular epithelium, junctional epithelium) presented histologic normality. CONCLUSIONSBiologically oriented preparation technique is a reliable alternative to conventional horizontal finish lines. Key words:Vertical preparation, prosthetic cementoenamel junction (PCEJ), finish line, BOPT, crown.
El Corredor Biológico Mesoamericano es una iniciativa de los presidentes de los Estados centroamericanos para facilitar la integración subregional mediante estrategias fundamentadas en la ...singularidad e importancia ecológica de sus recursos naturales. Pretende implantar medidas que aseguren la conservación de estos recursos de forma compatible con el aprovechamiento socioeconómico de su potencial turístico. El territorio que lo integra se extiende por todo el istmo centroamericano y posee notables recursos naturales de alto valor ecológico y zonas de interés histórico-artístico con gran importancia cultural. Sus elementos, que se engarzan en una cadena de verdes eslabones de singular vegetación, constituyen reductos de indudable atractivo y aptitud para la práctica del turismo en la naturaleza. La incorporación a los circuitos internacionales de viajeros de este proyecto está limitada por las precarias características socioeconómicas de sus pobladores y por la debilidad de las infraestructuras y equipamientos turísticos de la mayoría de los países implicados en el proyecto. Crear un pasillo biológico en armonía con sus habitantes, en uno de los esfuerzos de conservación para el desarrollo más grande planteado hasta el momento, es la idea de sus promotores que, con esta iniciativa, se muestran participes de la lógica de la globalización.
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC) are key components in modern packaging automation systems. But their success has led to the presence of a broad range of brands and models, each one with its own ...and unique features, but also with its own environment for software development. This situation has some major drawbacks: it is very difficult to upgrade an installation by changing the PLC, maintenance costs rise with the multiplicity of PLC brands in a given factory, and production parameters must be changed when the production is changed to a machine with a different PLC. In this paper, a first step is presented to address such a situation: instead of developing the same program from scratch for each different PLC brand, a unique program is stored using the PLCopen XML standard. When the program must be ported to a given PLC, an automatic tool, the postprocessor, generates the final code that has to be downloaded to the target PLC. In this paper the PLC tool adapter is presented and an example is shown for three of the major PLC brands present in the packaging industry such as Siemens, Schneider Electric and ABB.
Packaging automated industry is based on PLC control systems. Most of them are IEC 61131-3 PLC compliant. The standard was the first step to introduce Object Oriented Programming (OOP) features in ...the PLC based automation such as encapsulation in Function Blocks. Nevertheless, other major benefits of OOP such inheritance, or polymorphism weren't defined. On the other hand, the standard was born with the aim of create a unique structure of PLC programs providing a way to exchange programs between several PLC brands. However this goal is far from being achieved. In this paper, a new approach to include these OOP benefits is proposed. Besides, programs developed within this framework can be adapted with minimum effort and maximum reliability to different packaging.
SmartLabs in electronics packaging education Martinez-Roman, Javier; Perez-Vazquez, Marina; Sapena-Bano, Angel ...
2014 9th International Microsystems, Packaging, Assembly and Circuits Technology Conference (IMPACT),
2014-Oct.
Conference Proceeding
The effect of parasitic inductances and capacitances in the performance of electronic systems is one of the feasible subjects for undergraduate labs. The students, apart from being able to correlate ...the resistance, inductance, capacitance and both mutual inductance and mutual capacitance with the layout dimensions must also be able to estimate the RF skin effects on inductance and resistance. The laboratory analysis of different layouts and of the influence their geometry has on these parameters is a very good way to reinforce the theoretical knowledge. In this regard, SmartLabs are a very interesting option when compared with traditional instruments. SmartLabs are made up by the combination of a DAQ board with any kind of personal computer (PC, Tablet-PC or even Smartphone) and the suitable software to implement the instrument user interface. This user interface configures the DAQ board, manages the captured data and organizes it in a suitable way as to facilitate the student recognition of the basic facts and laws that underlie the experiment. SmartLabs have important advantages over traditional instruments in terms of flexibility (the capture data processing and representation is made by software and not by hardware or firmware: this allows to process the data captured and stored in one or several experiments almost in any way expected to be suitable to reinforce the learning objectives), price (due to the extensive and competitive offer in the Tablet-PC and Smartphone market, and also to the fact that they can be used for very different and additional functions in the lab outside the lab), portability and wireless communication. The extra motivation caused in the student by the ability to perform the laboratory work in his own device is another appreciated feature of the SmartLabs. This paper builds on the expertise of the Electrical Equipments and Systems Area of the Institute for Energy Engineering in Universitat Politècnica de Valencia in the development of successful SmartLabs on transformer core magnetic cycles and losses, airgap field configurations of rotating electrical machines or reactive power control among others. The paper shows the work in progress on the development of a SamartLab to support the students in the execution of the tests and in the data collection and results arrangement, calculation and display to obtain the parasitic inductances and capacitances of different PCB tracing configurations. The SmartLab is aimed at assisting the student to correlate basic design choices in the PCB design with the value of specific parameters that influence the performance and reliability of the system.
