Solar hard X-ray and
γ
-ray emissions were measured by the
Detector of the Roentgen and Gamma-ray Emissions
(DRGE) instrument, which is part of the RELEC set of instruments operated onboard the ...Russian satellite
Vernov,
from July 8, 2014 until December 10, 2014 (on a solar-synchronous orbit with an apogee of 830 km, perigee of 640 km, and an inclination of
98.4
∘
). RELEC measurements of 18 flares with X-ray energy
>
30
keV
, taken in September – October 2014, were connected with the same active region with the number AR 12172 during the first rotation and AR 12192 during the next one. These measurements were compared to the data obtained with RHESSI,
Konus-Wind
,
Fermi Observatory
,
Radio Solar Telescope Net
(RSTN), and the
Nobeyama Radioheliograph
(NoRH) operating at the same time. Quasi-periodicities with similar periods of
7
±
2
s
were found in about one third of all flares measured by RELEC (
Vernov
) from September 24 until October 30, 2014.
In Russia several space missions are now planned to study transient luminous events in the atmosphere and high‐energy charged particles at satellite altitudes. The experimental goal is to investigate ...the origin of the high‐energy electrons and gamma ray quanta for specific transient luminous events (TLEs) and their role in the ionosphere‐magnetosphere system. Simultaneous measurements of electrons at the orbit of the satellite and TLE atmospheric radiation in many wavelength bands will be performed in two missions, Tatiana‐2 and RELEC. In the TUS mission UV transient event detection will be accompanied by measurements of the weak UV emission from the “seed” electrons of extensive air showers of extremely high‐primary energies.
Tracking Ultraviolet Setup (TUS) detector is a detector of ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the atmosphere in the wavelength range of 300–400 nm (near-ultraviolet) with high sensitivity (tens of photons ...emitted within the solid angle of 10
–4
sr in 0.8 μs), which operated for a year and a half aboard the
Lomonosov
satellite. The TUS telescope had a multipurpose operational program, which made it possible to detect UV flashes from the shortest ones created by extensive air showers generated by cosmic rays to long ones, up to 1 s, created by meteors. Among these various phenomena, most often are flashes from lightning strikes, both directly creating a glow and causing the development of secondary discharges in the atmosphere, in the upper atmosphere and in the ionosphere. These discharges differ in both nature and phenomenology—in particular, they have different durations and luminosities.
The current status of the KLYPVE orbital detector of ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, which is scheduled to be deployed on board the Russian module of the International Space Station, is discussed. The ...main focus is on describing possible optical systems for the instrument.
The generation of transients in the Earth’s upper atmosphere under the action of electron fluxes and high- and low-frequency electromagnetic waves has been studied onboard the small Vernov spacecraft ...(solar synchronous orbit, 98° inclination, height 640–830 km). The studies were carried out with ultraviolet (UV, 240–380 nm), red–infrared (IR, 610–800 nm), gamma-ray (0.01–3 MeV), and electron (0.2–15 MeV) detectors as well as with high-frequency (0.05–15 MHz) and low-frequency (0.1 Hz–40 kHz) radio receivers. Artificial optical signals distributed along the meridian in an extended region of latitudes in the Earth’s Northern and Southern Hemispheres modulated by a low frequency were recorded during the nadir observations at nighttime. Examples of the oscillograms of such signals in the UV and IR spectral ranges and their global distribution are presented. The emission generation altitude and the atmospheric components that can be the sources of this emission are discussed. Particular attention is given to the technogenic causes of this glow in the ionosphere under the action of powerful low- and high-frequency radio stations on the ionosphere.
—
The HV electron cooling system designed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics for the NICA collider is the world’s only setup developed for a collider and makes it possible to simultaneously ...cool two ion beams with an energy up to 4.5 GeV/u using the magnetized electron flow 1. Due to the fact that the cooling system should be installed at the NICA collider, the distance between the beam axes of cooling channels corresponds to the distance between collider beams and amounts to 320 mm. This became the first factor affecting the entire structure of the electron-cooling system and limits the maximum possible outer radius of longitudinal field coils. The energy-consumption limitation of 500–700 kW 2 can be considered the other factor, and it directly affects the density of filling the solenoid with the conductor. The design of the central solenoid (cooling solenoid) of the electron-cooling system is described, and it has been developed taking into account the imposed limitations.
The spatial distribution and dynamics of subrelativistic electron fluxes (from tens to hundreds of keV) were studied in a space experiment onboard the Vernov satellite. A joint analysis of the ...experimental data from the Vernov and POES satellites was carried out. Maps of the global distribution of electron fluxes with energies from hundreds keV to MeV in the near-Earth space were obtained, as well as their distribution over drift shells, local time, and geomagnetic longitude. It is shown that significant electron fluxes of subrelativistic energies exist in drift shells with a McIlwain parameter of
L
< 1.5. The measured longitudinal distribution of electron fluxes in these drift shells indicates that the observed fluxes are “tied” to the shells, and the inhomogeneities of the longitudinal distribution are caused by the features of the configuration of the magnetic field in the satellite orbits.
Electron-beam energy recuperation is usually used in electron-cooling systems (ECSs). The operation stability, vacuum conditions, and radiation background (which is especially important in ...high-voltage coolers) depend on recuperation efficiency. The only way to improve recuperation efficiency in high-voltage coolers is to increase the electron-collector efficiency. This paper describes the variants of electron collectors for high-voltage ECSs.
The search for microorganisms in cosmic bodies of the Solar System is of great importance for understanding the problem of the origin of life. At present, it is difficult to create specialized ...laboratories searching for living microorganisms on the surface of planets or cosmic bodies that either formed in the Solar System or were captured by the Solar gravity from interstellar space. Existing experiments on search for life on landers and planet research vehicles allow this research to be conducted on the surface of planets and their satellites, but on a limited area near the landing site. This paper considers a method of remote sensing of outer space by light flashes of cosmic objects to detect bioactivity on almost all of their surfaces. The presence of bioactivity is the detected by specific luminescence of microorganisms when they are illuminated by probing radiation that causes their fluorescence.
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