The primary aim of the study was to develop and validate an in-house upscale of Automatic Methane Potential Test System II for studying real-time inocula and real-scale substrates in batch, ...codigestion and enzyme enhanced hydrolysis experiments, in addition to semi-continuous operation of the developed equipment and experiments testing inoculum functional quality. The successful upscale to 5 L enabled comparison of different process configurations in shorter preparation times with acceptable accuracy and high-through put intended for industrial decision making. The adoption of the same scales, equipment and methodologies in batch and semi-continuous tests mirroring those at full scale biogas plants resulted in matching methane yields between the two laboratory tests and full-scale, confirming thus the increased decision making value of the approach for industrial operations.
•The lattice Boltzmann method was applied to oil spill modelling.•The best lattice and relaxation time model were found.•Flux limiting interpolation techniques were evaluated to speed up the ...computation.•The model was validated on the Lebanon oil spill case.•Several advantages compared to similar oil spill models were identified.
This paper tests the adequacy of using the lattice Boltzmann method in large-scale oil spill modelling, such as the Lebanon oil spill. Several numerical experiments were performed in order to select the most appropriate lattice and to decide between the single- and two-relaxation time models. Large-scale oil spills require simulations with short computational times. In order to speed up the computation and preserve adequate accuracy of the model, five different flux limiting interpolation techniques were compared and evaluated. The model was validated on the Lebanon oil spill with regard to the oil-slick position and concentrations in the sea, and the beaching area on the coast. Good agreement with satellite images of the slick and field data on beaching was achieved. The main advantages of the applied method are the capability of simulating very low oil concentrations and computational times that are by an order of magnitude shorter compared to similar models.
Lake Cerknica is a periodically intermittent lake which may extend its surface up to 26 km² and reach 80 km³ in volume. Lakes tend to age over time. Lake Cerknica does not possess properties of a ...real lake or those of usual wetlands thus making all of its physical, chemical, and biological processes unique. The feature with the greatest impact on plant development and animal life is the alternating nature of the lake where water from the lake is drained through the lake’s bottom dries and refloods. Lake Cerknica was compared with a plant-based water treatment system and a sequential reactor with an approximately 6-month filling and emptying cycle. Lake Cerknica’s basic processes of nutrient purification are the deposition of suspended nutrients on the lake bottom, integration of nutrients in plants, and partial denitrification.
This article deals with the impact of diffuse and point sources of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution on the environment in Goričko Nature Park. The park was divided into three parts: the Ledava, Big ...Krka (Velika Krka), and Kobilje Creek (Kobiljski potok) basins, which were then compared. The surface waters were monitored and their chemical composition was examined. All three areas are characterized by elevated levels of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in the water. Nitrogen and phosphorus pollution results from unregulated manure pits on livestock farms, unregulated sewage systems, and runoff of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from farmland.
Trihalomethanes (THM) are by-products of dis-infection of bathing waters with chlorine. They are formed by reaction of chlorine and/or bromine with the organic matter present in the water. THM ...represent a major problem in public swimming pools in Slovenia as according to the data of National monitoring program THM levels in public swimming pools in Slovenia in years 20052011 exceeded the legally permitted limits in 15 % to 80 % of samples. In the countries where level of THM in the bathing waters is not regulated by national legislation, the situation could be much worse. The THM concentrations in Slovenian swimming pools are not high; although each exceeded THM value is harmful to human health. When an adequate quantity of water in public swimming pools is exchanged on regular basis, the levels of THM are usually not exceeded but when the quantity of exchanged water is not adequate or technology of bathing water preparation is not appropriate, THM values usually exceed legally permitted limits. Todays state of the art of bathing water preparation techniques allows the efficient preparation of bathing water without resulting in increased levels of THM.
•In-house upscale of Automatic Methane Potential Test System to 5L was developed.•Full-scale inocula, substrates and organic loading were used in tests.•Tests were characterized by short preparation ...times, accuracy and high-through put.•Same scales, equipment and methodologies were used in batch and continuous tests.•Increased full-scale decision making value of the developed approach was shown.
The primary aim of the study was to develop and validate an in-house upscale of Automatic Methane Potential Test System II for studying real-time inocula and real-scale substrates in batch, codigestion and enzyme enhanced hydrolysis experiments, in addition to semi-continuous operation of the developed equipment and experiments testing inoculum functional quality. The successful upscale to 5L enabled comparison of different process configurations in shorter preparation times with acceptable accuracy and high-through put intended for industrial decision making. The adoption of the same scales, equipment and methodologies in batch and semi-continuous tests mirroring those at full scale biogas plants resulted in matching methane yields between the two laboratory tests and full-scale, confirming thus the increased decision making value of the approach for industrial operations.
THM and AOX compounds form as by-products of disinfection with the use of chlorine. THM compounds can pose problems for pool water, while AOX compounds can be problematic for waste water. Today's ...state of the art technology allows for proper removal of THM and AOX compounds from water. In addition, new disinfection technologies are currently being developed that will significantly reduce the use of chlorine and thus the formation of THM and AOX compounds.
THM and AOX compounds form as by-products of disinfection with the use of chlorine. THM compounds can pose problems for pool water, while AOX compounds can be problematic for waste water. Today's ...state of the art technology allows for proper removal of THM and AOX compounds from water. In addition, new disinfection technologies are currently being developed that will significantly reduce the use of chlorine and thus the formation of THM and AOX compounds.
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