Since Cicero’s time and all the way to the modern era, Terence’s plays have been studied for their pedagogical value, located in three particular areas. Foremost, Terence’s works were valued for ...their choice of language and charm of style (cf. Cicero ad Att. 7.3.10 elegantiam sermonis; also Quintilian, inst. 10.1.90 praised Terence’s prose as in hoc genere elegantissima). From the Renaissance on Terence was a reference source of correct colloquial Latin. Secondly, Terence’s characters were distinguished by their ‘humanity’, meaning their idealized depiction of human character, and were interpreted as exempla of civic conduct and morality. Thirdly, Terence invented the concept of suspense in a dramatic performance. By eliminating from his plays information about the resolution of the plot, and, especially in the Hecyra, by abolishing the traditional plot as such, Terence inspired the rebirth of drama in the modern era. Two less studied aspects of Terence’ dramas, with respect to pedagogical interest, comprise their firm awareness of contemporary politics and social tensions, and tendency to assess and illustrate them. In the present paper, I discuss the different ways in which Terence’s plays engage a) in critical dialogue with the conventions of comic dramaturgy and stereotypical characterization, and b) in sociopolitical commentary of issues of broad public interest, even though he reproduced the allegedly apolitical plots of Menander’s dramas. Following an overview of the background of Terence’s work (his predecessors and the characteristics of his dramaturgy that set him apart from the earlier masters of the palliata genre, most notably Plautus), and his special attraction to Menander, I will focus on two casestudies that illustrate how Terence’s engagement with dramaturgical conventions and traditional, firmly established social norms may have been employed to provoke, but also educate and instruct
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) rapidly clear lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the bloodstream and establish intimate contact with immune cells. However, their role in regulating liver ...inflammation remains poorly understood. We show that LSECs modify their chemokine expression profile driven by LPS or interferon-γ (IFN-γ), resulting in the production of the myeloid- or lymphoid-attracting chemokines CCL2 and CXCL10, respectively, which accumulate in the serum of LPS-challenged animals. Natural killer (NK) cell exposure to LSECs in vitro primes NK cells for higher production of IFN-γ in response to interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-18. In livers of LPS-injected mice, NK cells are the major producers of this cytokine. In turn, LSECs require exposure to IFN-γ for CXCL10 expression, and endothelial-specific Cxcl10 gene deletion curtails NK cell accumulation in the inflamed livers. Thus, LSECs respond to both LPS and immune-derived signals and fuel a positive feedback loop of immune cell attraction and activation in the inflamed liver tissue.
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•LPS-induced endotoxemia leads to LSEC activation and chemokine production•LSECs prime NK cells for enhanced IFN-γ production in response to IL-12 and IL-18•NK cells are the major cellular source of IFN-γ in LPS-challenged mice•LSECs produce CXCL10 in the response to IFN-γ and support NK cell recruitment to the liver
Papaioannou et al. show that, during acute endotoxicosis, LSECs respond to both LPS and immune-derived IFN-γ by modifying chemokine and adhesion molecule expression. LSECs prime NK cells for enhanced IFN-γ production, while in response to IFN-γ, they secrete CXCL10 and support NK cell recruitment to the liver.
The few reports on the language skills of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) offer conflicting evidence on whether they face significant challenges, and if so, whether ...these challenges are present in all aspects of language. Here, we investigated a sample of Greek-speaking children with ADHD (n = 29) using a structural language (vocabulary, grammar) and a pragmatic language assessment. To ascertain the extent of strengths and weaknesses, we compared the performance of children with ADHD to typically developing (TD) peers (n = 29) and also to children with developmental language disorder (DLD; n = 25), who face challenges particularly in structural language. As regards structural language, ADHD children performed significantly lower than their TD peers but significantly higher than the DLD group. In pragmatics, ADHD children performed numerically lower than any other group, but differences did not reach statistical significance. Children with ADHD face difficulties with language skills and especially with structural language. Sophisticated linguistic assessment is crucial, as it facilitates the identification of children with different challenges by measuring performances on distinct components. Language difficulties in ADHD should not be overlooked but must be evaluated thoroughly for more effective intervention planning.
This is the first direct literary adaptation of Vergil'sAeneid. The present study demonstrates how, in less than one thousand lines, Ovid revisits the epic world of Aeneas and subjects it to a ...reading that is a paradigm of critical analysis, a statement of originality, and a powerful claim to the epic heritage and Vergilian succession.
This collection of articles is an important milestone in the history of the study of time conceptions in Greek and Roman Antiquity. It spans from Homer to Neoplatonism. Conceptions of time are ...considered from different points of view and sources. Reflections on time were both central and various throughout the history of ancient philosophy. Time was a topic, but also material for poets, historians and doctors.
Abstract
The composition of translations of Classical texts in the nineteenth-century Greek state was a complex issue entwined with politics, ideology, and the cultural identity of the new nation ...that sought to construct its identity by looking back towards its glorious Classical Greek past. It is, moreover, an issue tied to the so-called ‘language question’, the ardent debate on the type of the national Greek language (archaizing Greek, katharevousa, or demotiki). The intellectual elite of the new nation-state, led by the professoriate of the newly founded Ottonian University and a number of influential Greek intellectuals of the Diaspora tried to acquaint the newly-liberated Greeks with the classical writers of antiquity primarily through education. Since these elites favoured the katharevousa, a conservative construct of the spoken Greek language fashioned as a compromise between Classical Greek and the spoken vernacular of the time, the produced translations of the ancient authors had limited appeal across time, and they never aspired to address an audience beyond academia. Thus, all translations of the Aeneid published in Greece during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were literary failures. They were never meant to be read independently from the original Latin, and, inevitably, were largely forgotten following the death of their authors.
The book is a detailed study on the structure and the topics of Ovidïs compedium of the Trojan Saga in Metamorphoses 12.1-13.622, the section also referred to as the " Little Iliad" . It explores the ...motives and the objectives behind the selected narrative moments from the Epic Cycle that found their way into the Ovidian version of the Trojan War. By thoroughly mastering and inspiringly refashioning a vast amount of literary material, Ovid generates a systematic reconstruction of the archetypal hero, Achilles. Thus, he projects himself as a worthy successor of Homer in the epic tradition, a master epicist, and a par to his great Latin predecessor, Vergil.
The series consists of a variety of monographs from the fields of Classical Philology and Ancient History. While maintaining a broad thematic and methodological scope, the editors are especially keen ...on studies showing a thorough and critical engagement with the relevant literary texts and primary sources.
PIERIDES IVThis volume examines interpretation as the original process of critical reception vis-a-vis Terence's experimental comedies. The book, which consists of two parts, looks at Terence as both ...an agent and a subject of interpretation. The First Part ('Terence as Interpreter') examines Terence as an interpreter of earlier literary traditions, both Greek and Roman. The Second Part ('Interpretations of Terence') identifies and explores different expressions of the critical reception of Terence's output. The papers in both sections illustrate the various expressions of originality and individual creative genius that the process of interpretation entails. The volume at hand is the first study to focus not only on the interpreter, but also on the continuity and evolution of the principles of interpretation. In this way, it directs the focus from Terence's work to the meaning of Terence's work in relation to his predecessors (the past literary tradition), his contemporaries (his literary antagonists, but also his audience), and posterity (his critical readers across the centuries).
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