U članku se analizira zidni oslik u svetištu romaničke crkve Rođenja Presvete Bogorodice u Koprivni. Oslik su raniji autori datirali u period od sredine 13. pa do ranog 14.
stoljeća. Stilska i ...ikonografska analiza oslika te analiza pisanih izvora koji se dotiču Koprivne i njezine okolice u vremenu 13.-15. stoljeća omogućile su prepoznavanje ivanovačkog reda kao mogućih naručitelja izgradnje crkve te izvedbe oslika. Oslik iz Koprivne interpretiran je u kontekstu zidnog slikarstva viteških redova, s komparativnim primjerima iz Italije, Francuske te nekadašnjih križarskih država u Svetoj Zemlji.
The subject of this paper are wall paintings in the fresco technique, discovered in 2007 in the sanctuary and in the lunette of the portal of the Church of the Nativity of the Most Holy Mother of God in Koprivna. This medieval church, originally dedicated to St. George, Lelja Dobronić
associated with the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem and interpreted it as the only remnant of their architecture on their medieval estate called Dopsa. Tibor Rostás, on the other hand, does not mention Dobronić's thesis about the Hospitallers' origin of the church in Koprivna and he connects the origin of the church and paintings in it
with the Ják family from the middle of the 13th century. The text analyzes the historical written sources, as well as iconography and style of paintings in the sanctuary and the lunette of the church with the aim of giving a well-founded proposal about the original builders of
the church and the patrons (sponsors) of these paintings.
Koprivna is not mentioned directly as part of the Hospitallers estate of
Dopsa, but the analysis of written sources from the 13th to the 15th century, which touch upon the estates in the immediate vicinity of Koprivna, supports the assumption that Koprivna, according to L. Dobronić, was originally part of the Hospitallers estate Dopsa in the 13th century, so that in the middle of the 14th century Koprivna was owned by the noble Korogyi family.
In the analysis of paintings in the sanctuary, the Byzantine painting tradition was detected, which influenced the iconography of the individually depicted figures - especially the depiction of the Virgin Mary of the Nykopoia type and St. George in a standing frontal position -
as well as the iconography of the entire preserved composition. Stylistic analysis of the paintings affirmed similarities with the probably simultaneous Italo-Byzantine style of the Italian trecento. The
similarities are visible in the design of the volume, folds, wings of the archangel and the throne of the Virgin. A comparative analysis of paintings from Koprivna with related European Romanesque murals showed that the choice of iconographic types and compositions, the choice of saints for painting within the sanctuary and, finally, the stylistic characteristics of the depicted characters can be interpreted in the context of knight crusaders' art. Based on the established similarities of wall paintings from Koprivna with examples of Templars' and Hospitallers' art from Italy, France, Greece and the former Holy Land, it is proposed that Knights of St. John
were builders of the church in Koprivna and also patrons of paintings and prescribed iconography in the church sanctuary. The presented proposal is in accordance with the assumptions of earlier historians about the Hospitallers' origin of the church.
The subject of this paper are wall paintings in the fresco technique, discovered in 2007 in the sanctuary and in the lunette of the portal of the Church of the Nativity of the Most Holy Mother of God ...in Koprivna. This medieval church, originally dedicated to St. George, Lelja Dobronić associated with the Order of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem and interpreted it as the only remnant of their architecture on their medieval estate called Dopsa. Tibor Rostás, on the other hand, does not mention Dobronić's thesis about the Hospitallers' origin of the church in Koprivna and he connects the origin of the church and paintings in it with the Ják family from the middle of the 13th century. The text analyzes the historical written sources, as well as iconography and style of paintings in the sanctuary and the lunette of the church with the aim of giving a well-founded proposal about the original builders of the church and the patrons (sponsors) of these paintings. Koprivna is not mentioned directly as part of the Hospitallers estate of Dopsa, but the analysis of written sources from the 13th to the 15th century, which touch upon the estates in the immediate vicinity of Koprivna, supports the assumption that Koprivna, according to L. Dobronić, was originally part of the Hospitallers estate Dopsa in the 13th century, so that in the middle of the 14th century Koprivna was owned by the noble Korogyi family. In the analysis of paintings in the sanctuary, the Byzantine painting tradition was detected, which influenced the iconography of the individually depicted figures - especially the depiction of the Virgin Mary of the Nykopoia type and St. George in a standing frontal position - as well as the iconography of the entire preserved composition. Stylistic analysis of the paintings affirmed similarities with the probably simultaneous Italo-Byzantine style of the Italian trecento. The similarities are visible in the design of the volume, folds, wings of the archangel and the throne of the Virgin. A comparative analysis of paintings from Koprivna with related European Romanesque murals showed that the choice of iconographic types and compositions, the choice of saints for painting within the sanctuary and, finally, the stylistic characteristics of the depicted characters can be interpreted in the context of knight crusaders' art. Based on the established similarities of wall paintings from Koprivna with examples of Templars' and Hospitallers' art from Italy, France, Greece and the former Holy Land, it is proposed that Knights of St. John were builders of the church in Koprivna and also patrons of paintings and prescribed iconography in the church sanctuary. The presented proposal is in accordance with the assumptions of earlier historians about the Hospitallers' origin of the church.
Tema je ovoga rada prikaz graditeljske slojevitosti srednjovjekovne
ivanovačke kapele u Pakracu. Kapela je sačuvana u arheološkom
sloju. Tijekom višegodišnjih arheoloških istraživanja,
započetih ...2017. godine, utvrđena su dva srednjovjekovna graditeljska
sloja: izvorna ivanovačka kapela i kasnije utvrđena crkva.
Ivanovačka je kapela bila dvoranska crkva ravno zaključenog
svetišta (Saalkirche) koja je utvrđena tijekom drugoga graditeljskog
sloja. Pronađeni su kameni ulomci arhitektonske plastike
in situ i u šuti te je njihovom arhitektonskom analizom, uz analizu
komparativnih primjera, potvrđeno postojanje dvaju srednjovjekovnih
graditeljskih slojeva, a izvedena je i djelomična
rekonstrukcija tlocrta izvorne kapele i kasnije utvrđene crkve.
U tekstu se, na primjeru triju crkava istočne Slavonije, problematizira pitanje nastavka gotike na području Slavonije u 17. i 18. stoljeću, odnosno za vrijeme osmanlijske vlasti, te pitanje obnove ...Slavonije nakon njezina oslobođenja krajem 17. stoljeća. Kao tri čimbenika bitna za nastanak fenomena gotike poslije gotike ističu se reformacija (gradnja crkve sv. Jurja u Svetom Đurđu), postturska graditeljska obnova (kapela Uznesenja Bl. Dj. Marije u Dragotinu) i franjevačka tradicija (Sveti Križ, Osijek).
U članku je prikazana graditeljska slojevitost izvorno romaničke, a naknadno barokizirane crkve Rođenja Presvete Bogorodice u selu Koprivna, nedaleko od Osijeka. Analizirani su netom otkriveni ...elementi romaničke arhitekture: ponajprije arhitektonski tip i izgled romaničke crkve, zatim južni portal, fresko ciklusi u svetištu i brodu crkve te tzv. gospodska ili zapadna empora na zapadnom zidu broda crkve. Crkva je datirana u vrijeme oko godine 1300. te stilski svrstana u razdoblje kasne romanike. Utvrđeno je da crkva pripada najraširenijem tipu romaničke arhitekture – koji karakterizira gotovo kvadratni brod te uže i niže svetište – raširenom na srednjoeuropskom području. Osobitost crkve u Koprivni je zapadna ili 'gospodska' empora te do danas sačuvano njezino stubište unutar sjevernog zida broda crkve.
As the global renewable energy penetration increases, energy storage technologies are being rapidly deployed to compensate for the intermittency and non-dispatchability of variable energy resources. ...Storage solutions play a crucial role in providing reliability and flexibility, but their growth is subject to a number of barriers. One of the main issues includes the high investment cost and the difficulty of quantifying the services and values they provide. This paper aims to evaluate the sources of customer value for energy storage technologies and analyse their techno-economic viability from a value based pricing or economic value analysis perspective. The work is focused on a thermal Carnot battery, patented under the name TES.POD by the company Azelio, and how it compares to lithium ion battery energy storage. To fulfil the aim of the report, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods were used motivated by an economic value analysis framework. Through an in-depth literature study, customer values that differentiate the TES.POD with lithium ion battery energy storage were identified and thereafter verified through semi-structured interviews with various stakeholders in the ESS value chain. The cost efficiency of the system was recognized to be the most dominant driver, but apart from this, the value of having a storage technology that is able to provide low-carbon, long-duration storage and heat supply while having no degradation in capacity over a lifetime of 30 years was generally considered to be of most importance for the interviewees. Based on the value prioritization from the interviewees and literature, four economic values were further quantified and analysed in a techno-economic performance model: long-duration storage, heat supply, recyclability and land costs. The model demonstrates the economic value and viability of the TES.POD compared to a lithium-ion battery energy storage system by implementing it for a relevant case study for the mining segment in Huechun, Chile. The results show that the heat savings is the most beneficial differentiation value from an economic point a view. The yearly electricity savings were significantly higher than the heat savings for the specific case study, but the differentiated worth of heat was higher which was also confirmed by analysing the NPV for the different cases. It showed that for a 30 year lifetime, the TES.POD combined heat and power solution is competitive and even more profitable that the BESS case whereas the electricity only application (without considering the heat) is still profitable but not competitive towards the other two solutions.
I takt med att användningen av förnybara energikällor i världen ökar, installeras också lagringsteknologier i allt snabbare takt för att kompensera för produktionsvariationerna och begränsningen i direktöverförande hos dessa energikällor. Lagringsteknologier spelar en avgörande roll för att tillhandahålla tillförlitlighet och flexibilitet, men vissa utmaningar kan stå i vägen för en ökad tillväxt. En av huvudfrågorna är den höga investeringskostnaden och svårigheten med att kvantifiera tjänsterna och värdena som de tillhandahåller. Syftet med detta arbete är att utreda värdet av nyttorna som kunder får ut av lagringsteknologier och analysera deras tekno-ekonomiska lönsamhet med utgångspunkt från värdebaserad prissättning. Arbetet är centrerat kring ett Carnot batteri, patenterat under namnet TES.POD av företaget Azelio, och hur teknologin jämförs med litium-jon batterier. För att uppnå syftet användes en kombination av kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder, inspirerat av en guide för analys av ekonomiska kundvärden. Genom en detaljerad litteraturstudie identifierades kundvärden som skiljer TES.PODen från litium-jon batterier. Dessa verifierades sedan genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer med olika parter inom värdekedjan för lagringsteknologier. Kostnadseffektiviteten av systemet framstod som den viktigaste faktorn, men utöver detta visade sig generellt att värdet av att tillhandahålla en hållbar, långvarig lagring och värmetillförsel samtidigt som att inte ha någon kapacitetsförsämring under en livstid på 30 år var viktigast för de intervjuade. Baserat på prioriteringen av de intervjuade och litteratur, valdes fyra kundvärden som skulle kvantifieras i en tekno-ekonomisk modell: långvarig lagning, värmetillförsel, återvinningsbarhet och landkostnader. Modellen visar den ekonomiska genomförbarheten och lönsamheten för ett TES.POD system jämfört med ett litium-jon batteri system genom att implementera modellen i en fallstudie i Huechun, Chile. Resultaten visar på att värmebesparingar är det förmånligaste kundvärdet. De årliga elektricitetbesparingarna är mycket högre för det specifika fallet, men skillnaden i värdet mellan TES.PODen och batterierna är högre när det kommer till värmebesparingarna. Detta bekräftas också när nuvärdesberäkningen analyserades. Denna visade att värme+el lösningen för TES.PODen är konkurrenskraftig med batterierna, till och med mer lönsam, för ett projekt på 30 år medan endast el lösningen för TES.PODen inte är konkurrenskraftig med de andra två. Dock är den fortfarande lönsam.
The aim of this work was to explore the application of sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes: photooxidation (UV/PMS/PS), sonooxidation (US/PMS/PS) and combined sono-photooxidation ...(US/UV/PMS/PS) for the mineralization of simulated dyehouse effluent (WW); using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and persulfate (PS) as oxidants. Experiments were performed in a reaction vessel of a defined geometry and axially positioned source of UV-C radiation, all placed in the ultrasonic bath (35 kHz). Mathematical model of the process was developed according to the proposed degradation scheme. Decomposition of dyestuff (C.I. Reactive Violet 2, RV2 and C.I. Reactive Blue 7, RB7), surfactant (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate; hereafter: LAS) and auxiliary organic components was explored in three types of model wastewater: WW, simulated effluent excluding inorganic species (WW-IS) and model solution that consists of a specific compound (hereafter: compound model solutions). The influence of inorganic matrix (Cl−, CO32−/HCO3−) was studied due to the corresponding quenching affinity toward HO and SO4− radicals. The efficiency of applied processes was evaluated and the response to combined phenomena (cavitation and irradiation) was quantified as synergy index, fSyn. Sono-photooxidative treatment (US/UV/PMS/PS) of WW resulted in a partial mineralization and partial decolourization; approximately 40% of initial TOC and 30% of initial RB7 remained after 60 min of treatment, while RV2 and LAS molecule were completely decomposed. Circumstantially, the combined process increased the mineralization efficiency by a factor of 3 (fSyn = 3.026).
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► Summarized reactions for sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes. ► Developed mathematical model. ► Explored decomposition of each pollutant in effluent. ► Determined role of inorganic scavengers. ► Quantified response to combined phenomena as synergy index (fSyn).
To investigate how age, sex, and comorbidities affect the survival of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.
We retrospectively analyzed the records of 4014 consecutive adults ...hospitalized for COVID-19 in a tertiary-level institution from March 2020 to March 2021.
The median age was 74 years. A total of 2256 (56.2%) patients were men. The median Charlson-comorbidity-index (CCI) was 4 points; 3359 (82.7%) patients had severe or critical COVID-19. A significant interaction between age, sex, and survival (P<0.05) persisted after adjustment for CCI. In patients <57 years, male sex was related to a favorable (odds ration OR 0.50, 95% confidence interval CI 0.29-0.86), whereas in patients ≥57 years it was related to an unfavorable prognosis (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.37). Comorbidities associated with inferior survival independently of age, sex, and severe/critical COVID-19 on admission were chronic heart failure, atrial fibrillation, acute myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular insult, history of venous thromboembolism, chronic kidney disease, major bleeding, liver cirrhosis, mental retardation, dementia, active malignant disease, metastatic malignant disease, autoimmune/rheumatic disease, bilateral pneumonia, and other infections on admission.
Among younger patients, female sex might lead to an adverse prognosis due to undisclosed reasons (differences in fat tissue distribution, hormonal status, and other mechanisms). Patient subgroups with specific comorbidities require additional considerations during hospital stay for COVID-19. Future studies focusing on sex differences and potential interactions are warranted.
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