Monitoring the status of the facilities and detecting any faults are considered an important technology in a smart factory. Although the faults of machine can be analyzed in real time using collected ...data, it requires a large amount of computing resources to handle the massive data. A cloud server can be used to analyze the collected data, but it is more efficient to adopt the edge computing concept that employs edge devices located close to the facilities. Edge devices can improve data processing and analysis speed and reduce network costs. In this paper, an edge device capable of collecting, processing, storing and analyzing data is constructed by using a single-board computer and a sensor. And, a fault detection model for machine is developed based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks. The proposed system called LiReD was implemented for an industrial robot manipulator and the LSTM-based fault detection model showed the best performance among six fault detection models.
A substantial fraction of disease-causing mutations are pathogenic through aberrant splicing. Although genome profiling studies have identified somatic single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in cancer, ...the extent to which these variants trigger abnormal splicing has not been systematically examined. Here we analyzed RNA sequencing and exome data from 1,812 patients with cancer and identified ∼900 somatic exonic SNVs that disrupt splicing. At least 163 SNVs, including 31 synonymous ones, were shown to cause intron retention or exon skipping in an allele-specific manner, with ∼70% of the SNVs occurring on the last base of exons. Notably, SNVs causing intron retention were enriched in tumor suppressors, and 97% of these SNVs generated a premature termination codon, leading to loss of function through nonsense-mediated decay or truncated protein. We also characterized the genomic features predictive of such splicing defects. Overall, this work demonstrates that intron retention is a common mechanism of tumor-suppressor inactivation.
HIV-1 envelope spike (Env) is a type I membrane protein that mediates viral entry. We used nuclear magnetic resonance to determine an atomic structure of the transmembrane (TM) domain of HIV-1 Env ...reconstituted in bicelles that mimic a lipid bilayer. The TM forms a well-ordered trimer that protects a conserved membrane-embedded arginine. An amino-terminal coiled-coil and a carboxyl-terminal hydrophilic core stabilize the trimer. Individual mutations of conserved residues did not disrupt the TM trimer and minimally affected membrane fusion and infectivity. Major changes in the hydrophilic core, however, altered the antibody sensitivity of Env. These results show how a TM domain anchors, stabilizes, and modulates a viral envelope spike and suggest that its influence on Env conformation is an important consideration for HIV-1 immunogen design.
Developing Asia has grown faster than other parts of the world for decades. However, population aging is expected to pose significant headwinds to the region’s future economic growth. We update and ...enhance the analysis of Park and Shin (2012) to project the impact of population aging on developing Asia’s growth between 2021 and 2050. Our projections indicate that a demographic transition will have a substantial negative effect on the region’s future growth, but the effect varies across economies. Older economies will suffer a demographic tax, whereas younger economies will continue to enjoy a positive but declining demographic dividend.
Using international data starting in 1957, we construct a sample of cases where fast-growing economies slow down. The evidence suggests that rapidly growing economies slow down significantly, in the ...sense that the growth rate downshifts by at least 2 percentage points, when their per capita incomes reach around US$ 17,000 in year-2005 constant international prices, a level that China should achieve by or soon after 2015. Among our more provocative findings is that growth slowdowns are more likely in countries that maintain undervalued real exchange rates.
Abstract
Background
Comparing the microbiome compositions obtained under different physiological conditions has frequently been attempted in recent years to understand the functional influence of ...microbiomes in the occurrence of various human diseases.
Methods
In the present work, we analyzed 102 microbiome datasets containing tumor- and normal tissue-derived microbiomes obtained from a total of 51 Korean colorectal cancer (CRC) patients using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Two types of comparisons were used: ‘normal versus (
vs.
) tumor’ comparison and ‘recurrent
vs.
nonrecurrent’ comparison, for which the prognosis of patients was retrospectively determined.
Results
As a result, we observed that in the ‘normal
vs.
tumor’ comparison, three phyla, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, were more abundant in normal tissues, whereas some pathogenic bacteria, including
Fusobacterium nucleatum
and
Bacteroides fragilis
, were more abundant in tumor tissues. We also found that bacteria with metabolic pathways related to the production of bacterial motility proteins or bile acid secretion were more enriched in tumor tissues. In addition, the amount of these two pathogenic bacteria was positively correlated with the expression levels of host genes involved in the cell cycle and cell proliferation, confirming the association of microbiomes with tumorigenic pathway genes in the host. Surprisingly, in the ‘recurrent
vs.
nonrecurrent’ comparison, we observed that these two pathogenic bacteria were more abundant in the patients without recurrence than in the patients with recurrence. The same conclusion was drawn in the analysis of both normal and tumor-derived microbiomes.
Conclusions
Taken together, it seems that understanding the composition of tissue microbiomes is useful for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients.
Measuring the Economic Risk of COVID‐19 Noy, Ilan; Doan, Nguyen; Ferrarini, Benno ...
Global policy,
September 2020, Letnik:
11, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
We measure the economic risk of COVID‐19 at a geo‐spatially detailed resolution. In addition to data about the current prevalence of confirmed cases, we use data from 2014–2018 and a conceptual ...disaster risk model to compute measures for exposure, vulnerability, and resilience of the local economy to the shock of the epidemic. Using a battery of proxies for these four concepts, we calculate the hazard, the principal components of exposure and vulnerability to it, and of the economy’s resilience (i.e. its ability of the recover rapidly from the shock). We find that the economic risk of this pandemic is particularly high in most of Sub‐Saharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. These results are consistent when comparing an ad hoc equal weighting algorithm for the four components of the index, an algorithm that assumes equal hazard for all countries, and one based on estimated weights using previous aggregated disability‐adjusted life years losses associated with communicable diseases.
There has been almost no economic analysis that has been devoted to understanding the economic risk of epidemics, before the COVID‐19 crisis. This pandemic is not going to be the last one to hit us, even if we improve our public health institutions. We need to make sure that our economic policy making mechanisms, including the Bretton Woods institutions and other international bodies, are prepared for the economic risk of future pandemics.
Single-cell RNA-seq reveals the cellular heterogeneity inherent in the population of cells, which is very important in many clinical and research applications. Recent advances in droplet ...microfluidics have achieved the automatic isolation, lysis, and labeling of single cells in droplet compartments without complex instrumentation. However, barcoding errors occurring in the cell encapsulation process because of the multiple-beads-in-droplet and insufficient throughput because of the low concentration of beads for avoiding multiple-beads-in-a-droplet remain important challenges for precise and efficient expression profiling of single cells. In this study, we developed a new droplet-based microfluidic platform that significantly improved the throughput while reducing barcoding errors through deterministic encapsulation of inertially ordered beads. Highly concentrated beads containing oligonucleotide barcodes were spontaneously ordered in a spiral channel by an inertial effect, which were in turn encapsulated in droplets one-by-one, while cells were simultaneously encapsulated in the droplets. The deterministic encapsulation of beads resulted in a high fraction of single-bead-in-a-droplet and rare multiple-beads-in-a-droplet although the bead concentration increased to 1000 μl
, which diminished barcoding errors and enabled accurate high-throughput barcoding. We successfully validated our device with single-cell RNA-seq. In addition, we found that multiple-beads-in-a-droplet, generated using a normal Drop-Seq device with a high concentration of beads, underestimated transcript numbers and overestimated cell numbers. This accurate high-throughput platform can expand the capability and practicality of Drop-Seq in single-cell analysis.
Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are sophisticated nanomachines used by many bacterial pathogens to translocate protein and DNA substrates across a host cell membrane. Although T4SSs have important ...roles in promoting bacterial infections, little is known about the biogenesis of the apparatus and the mechanism of substrate transfer. Here, high-throughput cryoelectron tomography (cryo-ET) was used to visualize
T4SSs (also known as Dot/Icm secretion machines) in both the whole-cell context and at the cell pole. These data revealed the distribution patterns of individual Dot/Icm machines in the bacterial cell and identified five distinct subassembled intermediates. High-resolution
structures of the Dot/Icm machine derived from subtomogram averaging revealed that docking of the cytoplasmic DotB (VirB11-related) ATPase complex onto the DotO (VirB4-related) ATPase complex promotes a conformational change in the secretion system that results in the opening of a channel in the bacterial inner membrane. A model is presented for how the Dot/Icm apparatus is assembled and for how this machine may initiate the transport of cytoplasmic substrates across the inner membrane.
Many bacteria use type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) to translocate proteins and nucleic acids into target cells, which promotes DNA transfer and host infection. The Dot/Icm T4SS in
is a multiprotein nanomachine that is known to translocate over 300 different protein effectors into eukaryotic host cells. Here, advanced cryoelectron tomography and subtomogram analysis were used to visualize the Dot/Icm machine assembly and distribution in a single
cell. Extensive classification and averaging revealed five distinct intermediates of the Dot/Icm machine at high resolution. Comparative analysis of the Dot/Icm machine and subassemblies derived from wild-type cells and several mutants provided a structural basis for understanding mechanisms that underlie the assembly and activation of the Dot/Icm machine.
In this paper, we estimated the additional health capacities to work of older Vietnamese adults by applying the Milligan–Wise and Cutler–Meara–Richards-Shubik methods with various nationally ...representative datasets. In following these methods, we postulated that older adults’ mortality rates, life expectancies, and health statuses were comparable to their younger counterparts. We found that there were significant differences in employment rates between various groups of older male and female adults, in which women generally had higher capacities to work than men if they both had similar mortality rates. Along with other sociodemographic and economic factors, health status is a significant factor in determining the probability of being employed for older adults. Based on these findings, we discuss needed policy options, with a focus on health-related issues, for Viet Nam to unleash the potential work capacities of older adults.
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