We propose an optical wireless indoor localization using light emitting diodes (LEDs) and demonstrate it via simulation. Unique frequency addresses are assigned to each LED lamp, and transmitted ...through the light radiated by the LED. Using the phase difference, time difference of arrival (TDOA) localization algorithm is employed. Because the proposed localization method used pre-installed LED ceiling lamps, no additional infrastructure for localization is required to install and therefore, inexpensive system can be realized. The performance of the proposed localization method is evaluated by computer simulation, and the indoor location accuracy is less than 1 cm in the space of 5m x 5 m x 3 m.
Objectives
To determine whether diffusion- and perfusion-weighted MRI–based radiomics features can improve prediction of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation and tumor aggressiveness in lower ...grade gliomas (LGGs)
Methods
Radiomics features (
n
= 6472) were extracted from multiparametric MRI including conventional MRI, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and normalized cerebral blood volume, acquired on 127 LGG patients with determined IDH mutation status and grade (WHO II or III). Radiomics models were constructed using machine learning–based feature selection and generalized linear model classifiers. Segmentation stability was calculated between two readers using concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs). Diagnostic performance to predict IDH mutation and tumor grade was compared between the multiparametric and conventional MRI radiomics models using the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). The models were tested using a temporally independent validation set (
n
= 28).
Results
The multiparametric MRI radiomics model was optimized with a random forest feature selector, with segmentation stability of a CCC threshold of 0.8. For IDH mutation, multiparametric MR radiomics showed similar performance (AUC 0.795) to the conventional radiomics model (AUC 0.729). In tumor grading, multiparametric model with ADC features showed higher performance (AUC 0.932) than the conventional model (AUC 0.555). The independent validation set showed the same trend with AUCs of 0.747 for IDH prediction and 0.819 for tumor grading with multiparametric MRI radiomics model.
Conclusion
Multiparametric MRI radiomics model showed improved diagnostic performance in tumor grading and comparable diagnostic performance in IDH mutation status, with ADC features playing a significant role.
Key Points
• The multiparametric MRI radiomics model was comparable with conventional MRI radiomics model in predicting IDH mutation.
• The multiparametric MRI radiomics model outperformed conventional MRI in glioma grading.
• Apparent diffusion coefficient played an important role in glioma grading and predicting IDH mutation status using radiomics.
A multilayer film containing star anise essential oil and thymol coating layers (SAEO and TH, respectively), with insect repellent and antimicrobial properties, has been developed using bar coating ...and adhesive lamination processes. Our previous study reported the in vitro activities of this polypropylene film (PP)/SAEO/polyethylene terephthalate film (PET)/TH/low‐density polyethylene film (LDPE) multilayer film. The current study focused on demonstrating the morphological, optical, and mechanical properties of the film, and evaluating its in vivo activities when used as a bread packaging material. The developed film was 15.03% thicker and 1.86% less transparent than the control film (without active agent coating layers: PP/PET/LDPE). While the color values of the developed film were slightly different from the control film, both films appeared similar to the naked eye. The tensile strength in the developed film was somewhat lower than that of the control film, while both films had statistically comparable values for elongation at break. During storage of sliced bread packaged in the developed film, the film both deterred insects from approaching toward and impeded the growth of microorganisms in the bread. These results suggest the potential applicability of the developed film as an active food packaging material with insect repellent and antimicrobial activities.
Practical Application
A multilayer film incorporated with insect repellent and antimicrobial coating layers was applied in sliced wheat bread packaging. The developed film effectively inhibited approaches of stored‐product insects to packaged bread and growth of microorganisms on the bread surface. It can be used as an active food packaging material that improves the safety and shelf‐life of foods.
is a genus of ascomycete fungi that has been used for traditional herbal remedies. It contains various bioactive ingredients including cordycepin. Cordycepin, also known as 3-deoxyadenosine, is a ...major compound and has been suggested to have anticancer potential. The treatment of various cancer cells with cordycepin in effectively induces cell death and retards their cancerous properties. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Recent evidence has shed light on the molecular pathways involving cysteine-aspartic proteases (caspases), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β). Furthermore, the pathways are mediated by putative receptors, such as adenosine receptors (ADORAs), death receptors (DRs), and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). This review provides the molecular mechanisms by which cordycepin functions as a singular or combinational anticancer therapeutic agent.
Promoter mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and telomere length have been studied in various tumors. In the present study, the frequency and clinical characteristics of TERT ...promoter mutation and telomere length were studied in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TERT promoter mutation and telomere length were analyzed in 162 tumor samples of the patients with HCC by sequencing and real-time PCR, respectively. The TERT promoter mutation rate was 28.8% (46/160) in HCC and was associated with males (P = 0.027). The telomere length was not significantly different in the presence of a TERT promoter mutation but was shorter in high-grade tumor stages (P = 0.048). Survival analyses showed that poor overall survival was associated with longer telomere length (P = 0.013). However, the TERT promoter mutation did not have a prognostic value for HCC. Multivariate survival analyses demonstrated that the telomere length was an independent prognostic marker for poor overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval: 1.046-2.913, P = 0.033). These data demonstrated that TERT promoter mutation is a frequent event in HCC; however, telomere length, but not the presence of a TERT promoter mutation, might have potential value as a prognostic indicator of HCC.
Chrysin is a flavonoid found abundantly in substances, such as honey and phytochemicals, and is known to exhibit anticancer effects against various cancer cells. Nevertheless, the anticancer effect ...of chrysin against oral cancer has not yet been verified. Furthermore, the mechanism underlying autophagy is yet to be clearly elucidated. Thus, this study investigated chrysin-mediated apoptosis and autophagy in human mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MC-3) cells. The change in MC-3 cell viability was examined using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide cell viability assay, as well as 40,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, annexin V, and propidium iodide staining. Western blotting was used to analyze the proteins related to apoptosis and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In addition, the presence or absence of autophagy and changes in the expression of related proteins were investigated using acridine orange staining and Western blot. The results suggested that chrysin induced apoptosis and autophagy in MC-3 oral cancer cells via the MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway. Moreover, the induced autophagy exerted a cytoprotective effect against apoptosis. Thus, the further reduced cell viability due to autophagy as well as apoptosis induction highlight therapeutic potential of chrysin for oral cancer.
Abstract
Peritumoral edema (PE) of breast cancer at T2-weighted MR images is considered a poor prognostic sign and may represent the microenvironment surrounding the tumor; however, its ...histopathological mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of the study was to identify and describe detailed histopathological characteristics associated with PE at preoperative breast MRI in breast cancer patients. This retrospective study included breast cancer patients who had undergone preoperative MRI and surgery between January 2011 and December 2012. Two radiologists determined the presence of PE in consensus based on the signal intensity surrounding the tumor at T2-weighted images. The following detailed histopathological characteristics were reviewed by two breast pathologists using four-tiered grades; lymphovascular invasion, vessel ectasia, stromal fibrosis, growth pattern, and tumor budding. Tumor necrosis and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes were assessed using a percent scale. Baseline clinicopathological characteristics, including age and histologic grade, were collected. The associations between detailed histopathologic characteristics and PE were examined using multivariable logistic regression with odds ratio (OR) calculation. A total of 136 women (median age, 49 ± 9 years) were assessed; among them 34 (25.0%) had PE. After adjustment of baseline clinicopathological characteristics that were significantly associated with PE (age, T stage, N stage, histologic grade, and subtype, all
P
s < 0.05), lymphovascular invasion (
P
= 0.009), vessel ectasia (
P
= 0.021), stromal fibrosis (
P
= 0.024), growth pattern (
P
= 0.036), and tumor necrosis (
P
< 0.001) were also associated with PE. In comparison with patients without PE, patients with PE were more likely to have a higher degree of lymphovascular invasion (OR, 2.9), vessel ectasia (OR, 3.3), stromal fibrosis (OR, 2.5), lesser degree of infiltrative growth pattern (OR, 0.4), and higher portion of tumor necrosis (OR, 1.4). PE of breast cancer at MRI is associated with detailed histopathological characteristics of lymphovascular invasion, vessel ectasia, stromal fibrosis, growth pattern, and tumor necrosis, suggesting a relevance for tumor microenvironment.
Scope
Sulforaphane is an herbal isothiocyanate enriched in cruciferous vegetables. Here, the authors investigate whether sulforaphane modulates the production of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and tau, the two main ...pathological factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Methods and results
A triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3 × Tg‐AD) is used to study the effect of sulforaphane. Oral gavage of sulforaphane reduces protein levels of monomeric and polymeric forms of Aβ as well as tau and phosphorylated tau in 3 × Tg‐AD mice. However, sulforaphane treatment do not affect mRNA expression of amyloid precursor protein or tau. As previous studies show that Aβ and tau metabolism are influenced by a heat shock protein (HSP) co‐chaperone, C‐terminus of HSP70‐interacting protein (CHIP), the authors examine whether sulforaphane can modulate CHIP. The authors find that sulforaphane treatment increase levels of CHIP and HSP70. Furthermore, observations of CHIP‐deficient primary neurons derived from 3 × Tg‐AD mice suggest that sulforaphane treatment increase CHIP level and clear the accumulation of Aβ and tau. Finally, sulforaphane ameliorated memory deficits in 3 × Tg‐AD mice as reveal by novel object/location recognition tests and contextual fear conditioning tests.
Conclusion
These results demonstrate that sulforaphane treatment upregulates CHIP and has the potential to decrease the accumulation of Aβ and tau in patients with AD.
Our previous findings identified sulforaphane as a critical modulator not only for acetylcholine but also BDNF production in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, oral gavage of sulforaphane in a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3 × Tg‐AD) reduces protein levels of amyloid‐β (Aβ) as well as tau and phosphorylated tau through the post‐translational modifications by upregulating the heat shock protein co‐chaperone CHIP. Sulforaphane may represent a promising and feasible preventive strategy in the treatment of AD.
A novel, semi‐crystalline poly(1,4‐cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate‐co‐1,4‐cyclohexylene dimethylene 2,6‐naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PCTN) copolyester was synthesized and successfully extruded ...using an extruder attached with T‐die. The extruded sheet was uniaxially cold‐drawn into film at 150°C, a temperature between glass transition temperature and melting temperature. The mechanical, thermal, thermo‐mechanical, water barrier, and optical properties of developed film were characterized. Orientation of different phases was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. The actual chemical composition of PCTN copolyester was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Our results clearly indicated the thermal, dimensional stability, mechanical, and water barrier properties of PCTN films increased in a linear trend with draw ratio. It was also found that PCTN film has better water barrier property compared to conventional poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PEN) films. Based on the exceptional performance properties, novel PCTN film may find a strong position as a substrate for next generation flexible electronics among various performance materials.
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