Immunosensing using nanoparticles de la Escosura-Muñiz, Alfredo; Parolo, Claudio; Merkoçi, Arben
Materials today,
July-August 2010, Letnik:
13, Številka:
7-8
Journal Article
Recenzirano
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Immunosensing technology is taking advantage of the lastest developments in materials science and inparticular from the nanomaterials field. Because of their unprecedented optical tunability as well ...as electrical and electrochemical qualities, we are seeing significant developments in the design of novel immunoassays; various conventional optical and electrical platforms which allow for future applications in several fields are being used. Properties of nanoparticles such as light absorption and dispersion are bringing interesting immunosensing alternatives. Nanoparticles are improving the sensitivity of existing techniques used for protein detection in immunoassays based on Surface Plasmon Resonance, Quartz Crystal Microbalance, Fluorescence spectroscopy etc. Electrochemical techniques are also taking advantage of electrical properties of nanoparticles. Redox properties of metal based nanoparticles, surface impedance change and conductance changes once nanoparticles are present as labelling tags or modifiers of transducer surfaces are also improving the technology. In most of the examples nanoparticle based biosensing systems are being offered as excellent screening and superior alternatives to existing conventional strategies/assays with interest for fields in clinical analysis, food quality, safety and security.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is the gold standard technique for measuring protein biomarkers due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and throughput. Despite its success, continuous ...advancements in ELISA and immunoassay formats are crucial to meet evolving global challenges and to address new analytical needs in diverse applications. To expand the capabilities and applications of immunoassays, we introduce a novel ELISA-like assay that we call Bioluminescent-bacteria-linked immunosorbent assay (BBLISA). BBLISA is an enzyme-free assay that utilizes the inner filter effect between the bioluminescent bacteriaAllivibrio fischeriand metallic nanoparticles (gold nanoparticles and gold iridium oxide nanoflowers) as molecular absorbers. Functionalizing these nanoparticles with antibodies induces their accumulation in wells upon binding to molecular targets, forming the classical immune–sandwich complex. Thanks to their ability to adsorb the light emitted by the bacteria, the nanoparticles can suppress the bioluminescence signal, allowing the rapid quantification of the target. To demonstrate the bioanalytical properties of the novel immunoassay platform, as a proof of principle, we detected two clinically relevant biomarkers (human immunoglobulin G and SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein) in human serum, achieving the same sensitivity and precision as the classic ELISA. We believe that BBLISA can be a promising alternative to the standard ELISA techniques, offering potential advancements in biomarker detection and analysis by combining nanomaterials with a low-cost, portable bioluminescent platform.
Monitoring of the human microbiome is an emerging area of diagnostics for personalized medicine. Here, the potential of different nanomaterials and nanobiosensing technologies is reviewed for the ...development of novel diagnostic devices for the detection and measurement of microbiome‐related biomarkers. Moreover, the current and future landscape of microbiome‐based diagnostics is defined by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of current nanotechnology‐based approaches, especially in the context of developing point‐of‐care (PoC) devices that would meet the international guidelines known as REASSURED (Real‐time connectivity; Ease of specimen collection; Affordability; Sensitivity; Specificity; User‐friendliness; Rapid & robust operation; Equipment‐free; and Deliverability). Finally, the strategies of the latest international scientific consortia working in this field are analyzed, the current microbiome diagnostics market are reported and the principal ethical, legal, and societal issues related to microbiome R&D and innovation are discussed.
The human microbiome is an enormous source of clinical information and a promising area of personalized and precision medicine. Point‐of‐care medical nanobiosensors might define the landscape of microbiome‐related diagnostics by exploiting the outstanding properties of nanomaterials. The strategies of international scientific consortia, diagnostics market, and the legal and societal issues related to this field are reviewed.
Recently, molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) were extensively used for separation and identification of specific molecules, replacing expensive and unstable biological receptors. Nonetheless, their ...application in electrochemical sensors has not been sufficiently explored. Here we report the use of a MIP as a specific receptor in a new highly sensitive tributyltin (TBT) electrochemical sensor. The sensor combines the specificity, pre-concentration capability and robustness of molecular imprinted polymer attached onto magnetic nanoparticles with the quantitative outputs of impedimetric measurements. The proposed device detects TBT in a concentration range of 5pM to 5μM with a low limit of detection (5.37pM), which is lower than the one recommended for TBT in sea water by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). We believe that this new electrochemical sensor can play an important role in the monitoring of the quality of sea and fresh waters worldwide.
•Magnetic molecular imprinted polymer-based system for tributyltin pesticide detection.•Low limit of detection (LOD)=5.37pM, the lowest so far, is reported.•Lower LOD than the one recommended for tributyltin in sea water by the US-EPA.•This tributyltin sensor is based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
This paper describes the development of a referenced Electrochemical Paper-based Analytical Device (rEPAD) comprising a sample zone, a reference zone, and a connecting microfluidic channel that ...includes a central contact zone. We demonstrated that the rEPADs provide a simple system for direct and accurate voltammetric measurements that are referenced by an electrode with a constant, well-defined potential. The performance of the rEPADs is comparable to commercial electrochemical cells, and the layout can be easily integrated into systems that permit multiplexed analysis and pipette-free sampling. The cost of this portable device is sufficiently low that it could be for single-use, disposable applications, and its method of fabrication is compatible with that used for other paper-based systems.
Abstract Monitoring of the human microbiome is an emerging area of diagnostics for personalized medicine. Here, the potential of different nanomaterials and nanobiosensing technologies is reviewed ...for the development of novel diagnostic devices for the detection and measurement of microbiome‐related biomarkers. Moreover, the current and future landscape of microbiome‐based diagnostics is defined by exploring the advantages and disadvantages of current nanotechnology‐based approaches, especially in the context of developing point‐of‐care (PoC) devices that would meet the international guidelines known as REASSURED (Real‐time connectivity; Ease of specimen collection; Affordability; Sensitivity; Specificity; User‐friendliness; Rapid & robust operation; Equipment‐free; and Deliverability). Finally, the strategies of the latest international scientific consortia working in this field are analyzed, the current microbiome diagnostics market are reported and the principal ethical, legal, and societal issues related to microbiome R&D and innovation are discussed.
As the current pandemic has shown, lateral flow assays (LFAs) are a prime example of point-of-care devices enabling quick testing at an affordable price. However, their ease of use undeniably affects ...their sensitivity, making them less sensitive than other multi-step and time-consuming diagnostic assays, such as polymerase chain reactions and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A possible solution to overcome this lack of sensitivity is the exploitation of bottom-up approaches to synthesize nanomaterials with outstanding properties for use as colorimetric labels in LFAs, that is, using nanoparticles with better optical capabilities to improve the generation of the colorimetric signal and the overall sensitivity of LFAs. Following this strategy, we rationally optimized the synthesis of gold and iridium oxide nanoflowers (Au–IrO2 NFs) to enhance their physical–chemical properties as colorimetric labels in LFAs. Specifically, we were able to rationally control their size (from 155 to 53 nm in diameter) in order to guarantee an optimal flow along the different pads of a LFA. Moreover, thanks to their superior plasmonic behavior (compared to standard AuNPs), we could achieve an 8.5-fold lower limit of detection (down to 1.2 ng/mL) for human immunoglobulin G (HIgG) than standard LFAs (10.1 ng/mL). Therefore, due to their optical and redox properties, bioconjugation capabilities, and synergic combination of the individual components, Au–IrO2 NFs appear as potential candidates for the next generation of optical LFAs.
The ability to monitor protein biomarkers continuously and in real-time would significantly advance the precision of medicine. Current protein-detection techniques, however, including ELISA and ...lateral flow assays, provide only time-delayed, single-time-point measurements, limiting their ability to guide prompt responses to rapidly evolving, life-threatening conditions. In response, here we present an electrochemical aptamer-based sensor (EAB) that supports high-frequency, real-time biomarker measurements. Specifically, we have developed an electrochemical, aptamer-based (EAB) sensor against Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), a protein that, if present in urine at levels above a threshold value, is indicative of acute renal/kidney injury (AKI). When deployed inside a urinary catheter, the resulting reagentless, wash-free sensor supports real-time, high-frequency monitoring of clinically relevant NGAL concentrations over the course of hours. By providing an “early warning system”, the ability to measure levels of diagnostically relevant proteins such as NGAL in real-time could fundamentally change how we detect, monitor, and treat many important diseases.
In article number 2006104, Arben Merkoçi and co‐workers consider the unique properties of nanomaterials that will enable, in the near future, the development of point‐of‐care sensors for the ...detection of microbiome‐related biomarkers. A graphene‐based “fishing net” is illustrated here, which is thrown to catch different types of biomarkers, such as microorganisms, nucleic acids, or other molecules related to the human microbiome.
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