This paper presents a study of a prospective photoeletrocatalytic oxidation treatment system for disperse dyes obtained from a textile industry. The process utilizes titanium dioxide thin-film ...electrodes prepared by the sol–gel method as a photo-oxidative anode. Using UV irradiation and an applied potential of +
1.0
V on the nanoporous photoanode of Ti/TiO
2 it is possible to reach a reduction of color removal of 90%, 94% and 100% and 63%, 45% and 61% for TOC removal of DOD, DRD and DRR dyes. The method has been successfully applied to treat textile industry effluent collected at different steps in the industrial process namely before and after conventional wastewater treatment. The results were satisfactory for both effluent samples, leading to a reduction from 52.6% to 69.0% of COD, a diminishing of 80–89% of discoloration and a removal of TOC in the range of 47 to 50%.
Bladder cancer is a common neoplasia of the urinary tract that holds the highest cost of lifelong treatment per patient, highlighting the need for a continuous search for new therapies for the ...disease. Current bladder cancer models are either imperfect in their ability to translate results to clinical practice (mouse models), or rare and not inducible (canine models). Swine models are an attractive alternative to model the disease due to their similarities with humans on several levels. The Oncopig Cancer Model has been shown to develop tumors that closely resemble human tumors. However, urothelial carcinoma has not yet been studied in this platform.
We aimed to develop novel Oncopig bladder cancer cell line (BCCL) and investigate whether these urothelial swine cells mimic human bladder cancer cell line (5637 and T24) treatment-responses to cisplatin, doxorubicin, and gemcitabine in vitro.
Results demonstrated consistent treatment responses between Oncopig and human cells in most concentrations tested (p>0.05). Overall, Oncopig cells were more predictive of T24 than 5637 cell therapeutic responses. Microarray analysis also demonstrated similar alterations in expression of apoptotic (GADD45B and TP53INP1) and cytoskeleton-related genes (ZMYM6 and RND1) following gemcitabine exposure between 5637 (human) and Oncopig BCCL cells, indicating apoptosis may be triggered through similar signaling pathways. Molecular docking results indicated that swine and humans had similar Dg values between the chemotherapeutics and their target proteins.
Taken together, these results suggest the Oncopig could be an attractive animal to model urothelial carcinoma due to similarities in in vitro therapeutic responses compared to human cells.
The feasibility of the photobleaching of a leather acid dye, acid red 151, simultaneously to degradation of anionic surfactant, Tamol
®, and reduction of Cr(VI) to the less toxic Cr(III) was ...investigated by photoelectrocatalytic oxidation. The best experimental conditions were found to be pH 2.0 and 0.1
mol
L
−1 sodium sulfate when the nanoporous Ti/TiO
2 photo anode was biased at +1.0
V and submitted to UV-irradiation. The photoelectrocatalytic oxidation promotes 100% discoloration, reducing around 98–100% of Cr(VI) and achieving an abatement of 95% of the original total organic carbon. The effect of pH, the applied potential, the Cr(VI) concentration and the complexation reaction between Cr(VI) and acid red dye were evaluated as to their effect on the kinetics of the reaction.
The production of chlorine was investigated in the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation of a chloride-containing solution using a TiO
2 thin-film electrode biased at current density from 5 to 50
mA
cm
−2 ...and illuminated by UV light. Such parameters as chloride concentrations from 0.001 to 0.10
mol
L
−1, pH 2–12, and interfering salts were varied in this study in order to determine their effect on this oxidation process. At an optimum condition this photoelectrocatalytic method can produce active chlorine at levels compatible to water disinfections processes using a chloride concentration higher than 0.010
mol
L
−1 at a pH of 4 and a current density of 30
mA
cm
−2. The method was successfully applied to treat surface water collected from a Brazilian river. After 150
min of photoelectrocatalytic oxidation, we obtained a 90% reduction in total organic carbon removal, a 100% removal of turbidity, a 93% decrease in colour and a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of around 96% (
N
=
3). The proposed technology based on photoelectrocatalytic oxidation was also tested in treating 250
mL of a solution containing 0.05
mol
L
−1 NaCl and 50
μg
L
−1 of
Microcystin aeruginosa. The bacteria is completely removed after 5
min of photoelectrocatalysis following an initial rate constant removal of −0.260
min
−1, suggesting that the present method could be considered as a promising alternative to chlorine-based disinfections.
In the present study, nanoporous and nanotubular TiO
2
structures were produced using the titanium anodization process and different parameters. The process was carried out using a solution of ...ammonium fluoride (0.04, 0.06 and 0.08 mol L
−1
), 10% (v/v) water and 90% (v/v) glycerin. The titanium plates were arranged at a 1 cm distance from each other at potentials of 15, 20 and 25 V and for different periods (15, 25 and 50 h). After anodization, the TiO
2
nanostructures were calcinated at 450 °C for 30 min. The morphological and structural characterization obtained by scanning electronic microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy shows the growth of different TiO
2
nanostructures due to the variations in the experimental parameters. The X-ray diffraction measurements were used to calculate the grain size from the Scherrer equation. Cyclic voltammetry was used to observe the redox response and correlate the electro-chemical response with the experimental parameters for obtaining the TiO
2
structures and their morphology. For the electrode produced during 50 h and at 25 V, an increase in the active surface area was observed, and the value of 0.68 cm
2
for a geometric area of 0.24 cm
2
was obtained, in addition to an increase in the electrochemical response.
Seasonal concentrations of total, particulate and dissolved Al, Cu, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb and Ni were analyzed in surface water and total metals in sediment samples from black and whitewater rivers within ...the Itacoatiara City, Central Amazon. Metals concentrations in water and sediment samples demonstrated that even though urbanization and agricultural practices are common in this region. Metal concentrations in sediments samples are acceptable regarding the recommended levels for protection of aquatic life. From this work, which is the first trace elements study in the main tributaries from Itacoatiara region, we conclude that metals are present in a particulate form, being easier to be transported to other aquatic bodies. During flooding periods an increase of Al, Fe and total organic compound (TOC) in almost water sampling points was observed.
In this study, the extraction and characterization of aquatic humic substances (AHS) from two blackwater rivers in the Amazon basin was carried out in order to assess the seasonal effects in the AHS ...structure. In addition, an investigation of the complexing capacities (CC) of the structures containing the metal ions CdII, NiII and PbII was also done. The characterization (of the AHS) was done using UV-Vis, molecular fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopy. AHS from the Negro River showed more aromatic characteristics in its structures and molecular weight, than the AHS from the Carú River. The AHS studied presented a seasonal pattern characterized by higher humification levels during the rainy season. For all the metals, the AHS complexing capacity was higher for the Negro River. The highest complexing capacities were observed for the NiII assays, which were 0.56 and 0.12 µmol NiII mg-1 dissolved organic carbon (DOC), for AHS RN and AHS RC-II, respectively. We concluded that the transport, bioavailability, and toxicity, of these metal species should be higher for Carú River.
The generation of active chlorine on Ti/Sn(1-x)Ir x O2 anodes, with different compositions of Ir (x = 0.0,0.0,0.10 and 0.30 ), was investigated by controlled current density electrolysis. Using a low ...concentration of chloride ions (0.05 mol L) and a low current density (5 mA cm) it was possible to produce up to 60 mg L of active chlorine on a Ti/Sn0.99Ir0.01O2 anode. The feasibility of the discoloration of a textile acid azo dye, acid red 29 dye (C.I. 16570), was also investigated with in situ electrogenerated active chlorine on Ti/Sn(1-x)Ir x O2 anodes. The best conditions for 100% discoloration and maximum degradation (70% TOC reduction) were found to be: NaCl pH 4, 25 mA cm and 6 h of electrolysis. It is suggested that active chlorine generation and/or powerful oxidants such as chlorine radicals and hydroxyl radicals are responsible for promoting faster dye degradation. Rate constants calculated from color decay versus time reveal a zero order reaction at dye concentrations up to 1.0 X 10 mol L. Effects of other electrolytes, dye concentration and applied density currents also have been investigated and are discussed.
The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil.
This study is based on the most recent edition of the course Funding for Research and Innovation ...in the University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine which was a three-day course with 12 hours of instruction. The course brought together leading experts in the field to comprehensively discuss the current state of research funding in Brazil. Each speaker provided a presentation on a specific topic related to research funding. After the workshop, speakers assembled relevant topics in this manuscript.
collaborative research is critical for securing research funding. It optimizes proposal competitiveness, amplifies societal impact, and manages risks effectively. As such, fostering and supporting these collaborations is paramount for both researchers and funding agencies. To maintain the highest integrity in research, investigators involved in these collaborations must disclose any relationships that could potentially influence the outcomes or interpretation of their projects.
In Brazil, the mainstay of research funding stems from public entities, with agencies such as CNPq, CAPES, and state bodies like FAPESP, FAPERJ, FAPEMIG and others at the forefront. Concurrently, industry funding offers viable pathways, especially through industry-sponsored studies, investigator-led projects, and collaborative initiatives. The Brazilian funding landscape is further enriched by innovative platforms, including crowdfunding and the contributions of institutions like the Serrapilheira Institute. Internationally, esteemed organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation stand out as potential funders.
The photoeletrocatalytic oxidation of 0.009% (m/v) of commercial surfactant Tamol® in 0.1 mol L-1 Na2SO4 was investigated on thin-film of TiO2 as photoanode.Using the best experimental condition, E = ...+ 1.0 V, pH 2.0 and UV irradiation were obtained 100% of surfactant removal followed by 94% of total organic carbon (TOC) removal after 90 min of photoelectrocatalytic treatment. The method was applied to surfactant removal in the presence of acid red 151 dye. After 90 min of treatment the method promoted 98% of discoloration concomitant to reduction of 81% total organic carbon of the resulting solution.
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