The purpose of this systematic review is to describe developments in three-dimensional (3D) cell printing in the formation of dental pulp tissue using polyester as a scaffold to revitalize the ...damaged dental pulp tissue.
A literature search for all the data published in PubMed and Google Scholar from January 2000 to April 2022 was conducted. Articles with the keywords 3D cell printing, scaffolds, polyester, dental pulp, and dentistry were used. Inclusion criteria consisted of any publication in electronic or print media directly studying or commenting on the use of polyester scaffolds in 3D cell printing technology in the regeneration of dental pulp. A total of 528 articles were selected, of which 27 duplicates and 286 irrelevant articles were discarded. A total of 215 articles were finally included in the systematic review.
For dental pulp regeneration, several scaffolds have been discovered to be appealing. Polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), and their copolymers are nontoxic and biocompatible synthetic polyesters that degrade by hydrolysis and have received Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for a variety of applications. This review paper is intended to spark new ideas for using a certain scaffold in a specific regenerative approach to produce the desired pulp-dentin complex.
Radicular cyst involving the deciduous dentition is rare. Most of the cases reported it with primary molar teeth with apical infection. But very rare literature is available regarding radicular cysts ...associated with primary incisors.
A case of 9-year-old boy, who had bilaterally impacted supernumerary teeth, had developed a radicular cyst associated with a previously traumatized and intruded right upper primary lateral incisor is reported. Supernumerary teeth and intruded primary lateral incisor were removed along with enucleation of a radicular cyst.
The importance of correct diagnosis and management of radicular cyst in pediatric patients is important as most of the radicular cysts of primary teeth go undiagnosed, which can affect the developing succedaneous tooth bud.
Bhosale AN, Desai S, Patil S,
Radicular Cyst Involving Deciduous Maxillary Incisor along with Bilateral Supernumerary Teeth: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2022;15(2):218-221.
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the development of computer systems capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence. AI and its subsets, machine learning and ...deep learning, have been incorporated into several aspects of dentistry including pediatric dentistry. However, there is a lack of documentation and analysis of the current applications of AI in pediatric dentistry. Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of AI as a diagnostic tool in pediatric dentistry. Materials and Methods: The literature for this paper was identified by performing a thorough search in electronic databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library from the years 2011 to 2021. The following keywords and Boolean operators were used: AI AND pediatric dentistry, artificial neural networks AND pediatric dentistry, convolutional neural networks AND pediatric dentistry, and machine learning AND pediatric dentistry. After applying appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, 13 articles were selected, fully read, and systematically analyzed as per a specific research question. Results: Among the 13 selected articles, it was found that AI is a useful tool for dental diagnosis/classification, cephalometric landmark identification, identification of early childhood caries patterns, chronological age assessment in children, assessment of facial attractiveness in cleft patients, dental plaque detection, and oral health education. Conclusion: The selected articles indicate that AI is an effective diagnostic tool and has the potential for assisting several aspects of pediatric dentistry. However, further studies are required to assess the clinical effectiveness of these AI models.
Effective fluidization of materials present in the reactor bed is critical for optimizing reaction conditions in a fluidized-bed gasifier. An improper fluidization leads to inefficient conversion due ...to many reasons such as low heat and mass transfers, ineffective gas–solid phase reactions, and uneven reactor temperature in autothermal gasification. The objective of this study was to investigate effect of reactor bed composition, i.e. a mixture of gasifier solid residues (GSR), switchgrass, and inert material, on fluidization using a 0.25m i.d. transparent column. In this cold-flow study, the amount of inert material, i.e. silica sand, in the bed was held at 20kg. The switchgrass in the mixture ranged from 0.17 to 5% of the sand quantity while the GSR ranged from 5 to 35% of the switchgrass. The particle geometric sizes by mass of sand, GSR and switchgrass were 348±1.6μm, 80±2.6μm, and 10.3±1.7mm, respectively. For all conditions, with an increase in gas superficial velocity, i.e. ratio of volumetric gas flow and bed cross-sectional area, the pressure drop across the bed increased reaching a maximum level at the minimum fluidization condition. Results showed that when the bed consisted of only GSR and sand, with an increase in the GSR from 5% to 35%, the gas superficial velocity at minimum fluidization condition, called minimum fluidization velocity (Umf), decreased significantly (p<0.05); however, corresponding bed pressure drop (dPmf) remained constant. When the bed consisted of GSR, switchgrass and sand, there were significant effects (p<0.001) of GSR, switchgrass and their interaction (GSR*Switchgrass) on Umf and dPmf. Fluidization improved with an increase in GSR up to 35% in the mixture. Overall, both Umf and dPmf increased with an increase in levels of GSR (5 to 35%) and switchgrass (0.17 to 3%) in the mixture. Fluidization characteristics were found to be strongly dependent upon mixture's effective properties, which were determined using properties of all mixture components. Correlations available in literature were used to predict Umf using effective properties of tertiary mixture with GSR, switchgrass and sand. Prediction of Umf from all selected correlations did not match well with the experimental data for the entire range of tertiary mixture compositions. Fluidization of bed materials sustained up to 3% level of switchgrass. However, segregation of bed materials and in-bed channelization caused ineffective fluidization at 5% level of switchgrass in the mixture.
Fluidization characteristics of a mixture of gasifier solid residues, switchgrass and silica sand were studied. The fluidization characteristics were found to be strongly dependent upon the mixture's effective properties, which were determined using properties of all mixture components. Gasifier solid residues and switchgrass present in the mixture showed significant (p<0.001) influence on minimum fluidization velocity and corresponding bed pressure drop. Display omitted
► We investigated the effect of reactor bed composition with gasifier solid residues, switchgrass and sand, on fluidization. ► Gasifier solid residues showed significant (p<0.01) influence on fluidization. ► Fluidization characteristics strongly depend upon effective properties of mixture. ► Segregation of bed materials was predominant at 5% level of switchgrass.
Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in men with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m
2
is considered technically challenging. We conducted a retrospective matched-pair analysis to compare the ...oncological and functional outcomes of RARP in men with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m
2
. We interrogated our prospectively maintained RARP database and identified 1273 men who underwent RARP from January 2018 till June 2021. Among them, 43 had BMI ≥ 35 kg/m
2
, and 1230 had BMI < 35 kg/m
2
. A 1:1 genetic matching was performed between these two groups for PSA, Gleason grades, clinical stage, D'Amico risk stratification, and nerve-spare extent. Continence rates and biochemical rates on 1-year follow-up were analysed. We performed statistical analysis using SPSS, and Paired tests were done using Wilcoxon sign rank-sum test.
p
< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The two groups were comparable in almost all parameters except for age. Console time (
p
= 0.20) and estimated blood loss (
p
> 0.90) were not significantly different. There was no blood transfusion, open conversion or (Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ 3) intra/postoperative complication in either of the two groups. The two groups did not have any difference in biochemical recurrence rates (BCR) on 1-year follow-up (
p
> 0.90). Men with BMI ≥ 35 achieved continence rates equivalent to men with BMI < 35 within 1 year. On logistic regression analysis, age (
p
< 0.001) and extent of nerve sparing (
p
= 0.026) emerged as significant factors influencing continence recovery. RARP is safe in men with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m
2
. The 1-year continence and oncological outcomes are similar to matched men with BMI < 35 kg/m
2
undergoing RARP.
Self-removal of urinary catheter as an option after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has never been explored in literature. We report the feasibility and outcome of the first study of this ...novel concept in our hospital. We conducted a prospective audit of self-TWOC (trial without catheter) in men who underwent consecutive RARP in our centre between April 2022 and September 2022. Men who had self-TWOC filled a questionnaire about the outcomes of self-TWOC. Carbon footprint and carbon offset for each hospital TWOC avoided were calculated. Of the 129 who underwent self-TWOC, 112 filled the questionnaire and were hence included in the final analysis. Self-TWOC was successful in all the 112 (100%) men in the study. 99.1% of men were satisfied with self-TWOC at home. We managed to avoid 79.6 ± 36.72 km of travel and 77 min of travel time for every self-TWOC. This also saved 85£/patient on clinic expenses and fuel cost savings of 9.87–15.99£ per patient depending on car engine size/type. The carbon footprint calculated was 20 kg CO
2
assuming average engine sized diesel/petrol cars and 10 kg CO
2
for an average UK petrol hybrid car. The calculated carbon offset per patient for diesel/petrol cars: 0.32£, petrol hybrid: 0.16£. Self-TWOC for 80–160 patients will save the carbon emissions equivalent to that of a passenger on a London–New York Trans-Atlantic flight. Self-TWOC is safe, affordable and is sustainable to the environment. Widespread acceptance of this practice change will be a small, but steady step towards greener health systems across the world.
Background and Aims:
Ketamine use as a recreational drug is becoming more popular nowadays. Ketamine-induced uropathy (KIU) is a late finding observed with long-term use of ketamine. A systematic ...review of Ketamine-Induced Uropathy was performed to emphasise its key clinical manifestations, mechanism of action and establish an effective treatment pathway.
Methods and Results:
A literature search was conducted in MEDLINE via Pubmed and Cochrane using the keywords ketamine and bladder, ketamine and uropathy, and ketamine and epidemiology. The search strategy was limited to articles published from 2000 to 2023. Both animal and human studies were included. A total of 101 papers were reviewed based on topic relevance from the title and abstracts available. While ketamine is a controlled drug in the United Kingdom (UK) and other countries, 283 ketamine-related deaths have been reported in the UK. There is no definite pathogenesis but multiple potential mechanisms that cause KIU and its related symptoms. KIU involves chronic inflammation of the bladder, ureteral wall thickening, hydronephrosis and finally, chronic renal failure. A multidisciplinary approach is paramount when managing these patients to break the vicious cycle. The mainstay of medical and surgical treatment pathways is continued abstinence to prevent symptom relapse. This review included the pathophysiology, novel medical treatments and surgical management of KIU.
Conclusion:
KIU is a rare but significantly disabling condition often seen among ketamine abusers. With the rising trend in drug addiction, KIU is expected to be more common. Unfortunately, it is a late complication in chronic ketamine abusers and is only partially reversible even with abstinence. This review discusses this rare entity’s newer medical treatments and surgical options.
We aim to outline our technique of performing a robotic-assisted bladder diverticulectomy at our institution and report our surgical outcomes. We report the cases of three robotic-assisted bladder ...diverticulectomies, performed at the Royal Surrey County Hospital during the period of January 2014 to December 2015. Patient was positioned in low dorsal lithotomy position. A 6Fr double-J stent was prophylactically inserted at the start of the procedure. Foley catheter was placed over guide wire into the diverticulum and balloon inflated on the diverticulum neck. We used a transperitoneal extravesical approach to mobilise the distended bladder diverticulum, dissected en bloc and transected at the diverticulum neck in all cases. The bladder was closed in two layers with absorbable sutures. The procedures were uneventful, without post-operative complications and minimal blood loss. The median length of stay was 3 days and all three patients reported a significant improvement in all symptoms with non-significant post-void residuals. Robotic-assisted bladder diverticulectomy is a safe and effective procedure that results in both symptom relief and minimal post-void residuals.
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