Background
This study evaluated the effect of aminoguanidine on liver of diabetic rats subject to physical exercises using histological and histochemical techniques.
Methods
The rats used in this ...study were divided into five groups: sedentary control, sedentary diabetic, trained diabetic, sedentary diabetic and treated with aminoguanidine, trained diabetic and treated with aminoguanidine.
Results
The results showed no effect of aminoguanidine on the liver tissue, although there was improvement with exercise training showing cytological, morpho-histological and histochemical alterations in liver cells of animals from groups trained diabetic and/or treated diabetic compared to those individuals in the sedentary control and sedentary diabetic. These changes included: hepatocytes hypertrophy, presence and distribution of polysaccharides in the hepatocytes cytoplasm and, especially, congestion of the liver blood vessels.
Conclusion
Our results suggest that aminoguanidine is not hepatotoxic, when used at dosage of 1 g/L for the treatment of diabetes complications, and confirmed that the practice of moderate physical exercise assuaged the damage caused by diabetes without the use of insulin.
En la investigación se contrastó la hipótesis “La aplicación de la estrategia PETRACOMLINE mejora significativamente el nivel de conocimiento de las habilidades blandas emprendedoras de los ...estudiantes de un Instituto de Educación Superior Tecnológica Publica de la región Junín”. Se investigó con el enfoque cuantitativo y con un diseño cuasi experimental, en una muestra de 60 estudiantes. Se realizaron seis sesiones, con seis tareas extracurriculares, para desarrollar seis habilidades, aplicando al término del experimento una prueba para medir el conocimiento sobre las habilidades blandas, obteniendo como resultado que el grupo experimental presentó un mejor nivel de conocimiento que el grupo control.
La Pastoral afrocolombiana forma parte de las reconstrucciones que en los últimos años se han presentado en las estrategias de evangelización empleadas por la Iglesia católica. Esas reconstrucciones ...se evidencian en la natura- leza del discurso de los sacerdotes y en la realización del principal ritual de culto. En la misa convergen elementos metafóricos y prácticos relacio- nados con la diversidad cultural y con situaciones de exclusión territorial, cultural y económica de los afrocolombianos. En un ambiente que recrea contextos sagrados y profanos, y que permite la escenificación de reivindi- caciones identitarias, a través de la expresión oral y de las representaciones estéticas que forman parte del ritual. Este artículo trata el contraste et- nográfico entre el culto oficial y aquel realizado por la Pastoral afro. Palabras clave: catolicismo, diversidad religiosa, afrodescendientes, etnografía, ritual católico. Abstract In the last years, the Afro Colombian Pastoral has taken part in the recon- struction that the Catholic Church had presented as strategies of evangelization. Those reconstructions are evident in the nature of the priest’s speech and in the realization of the principal ritual of the cult. In the mass, metaphoric and practical elements concurs, related with the cultural diversity and the situation of territorial, cultural and eco- nomic exclusion of the afro Colombian people. In an environment that recreates sacred and profane contexts, and allows the stage of iden- tity claims through the oral expression and the esthetic representation that takes part in the ritual. This article is about the ethnographic con- trast between the official cult and the one performed by the Pastoral. Keywords: catholicism, religious diversity, afro-descendants, ethnography, catholic ritual.
In this work we describe the internal morphology of the female reproductive system of the cayenne tick
Amblyomma cajennense. This system is represented by a panoistic ovary, which lacks nurse cells ...in the germarium. This ovary consists of a single tube, in which a large number of oocytes develop asynchronously, thus accompanying the processes of yolk deposition in the oocytes. The oocytes were classified into stages that varied from I to V, according to: cytoplasm appearance, presence of the germ vesicle, presence of yolk granules, and presence of chorion. The study of vitellogenesis dynamics suggest that the yolk elements are deposited in the oocyte following a preferencial sequence, in which the lipids are the first to appear, followed by proteins an finally by the carbohydrates. In this way the yolk of
A. cajennense ticks have these three elements that may be free in the cytoplasm or chemically bounded forming glycoprotein or lipoprotein complexes.
The eucalyptus has a pronounced demand for phosphorus (P) in the initial growth. Therefore, its P critical level is higher in the early stages of development, decreasing with plant age. The study was ...carried out to evaluate the response to fertilization and relative efficiency (RE) of phosphates (RPs) in the initial growth of eucalyptus. For this, two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, from October 2010 to February 2011, at the University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), in Lages, Santa Catarina state, one with Eucalyptus dunnii and another with Eucalyptus benthamii using the following phosphorus sources: Bayovar, Gafsa, Djebel and triple superphosphate, plus a control without P. These P treatments were applied in soils with and without liming. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement and with four replications. Plants were grown for 110 days and after harvest, were determined dry matter (by difference of wet weight and dry weight) and P accumulation in plant tissue from different parts of the plant (determined by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 882 nm after reduction of phospho-molibidate complex with ascorbic acid). The relative efficiency of RPs (%) was calculated from data obtained from dry matter of shoots and total dry matter. For the correlation between the parameters of P content in the plants and soil available P it was applied Pearson's correlation (P <0.05). All sources of P were similar to each other, but were higher than the control one, however, the use of these sources resulted in an increase in dry matter production and P content accumulated in the shoots of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunnii compared to the control treatment regardless the soil amendment. In soil without lime, the RE averages were 75, 91 and 94%, respectively for RPs Bayovar, Gafsa and Djebel. For soils with lime, the RE averages were 65, 24 and 25% for the same phosphate sources. In treatments without liming the relative efficiency of RPs was higher compared to soils with lime. Keywords: phosphate fertilizers; pH variation; initial growth; basic fertilizer. O eucalipto possui uma grande exigencia de fosforo (P) na fase de implantacao do povoamento. Por isso o seu nivel critico de P e mais alto na fase inicial de desenvolvimento, diminuindo com o aumento da idade. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a resposta no crescimento inicial de eucalipto a adubacao fosfatada e a eficiencia relativa (ER) de fosfatos naturais (FNs) em solos sem e com calagem. Para isso, foram conduzidos, no periodo de outubro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011, dois experimentos em casa de vegetacao, na Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), em Lages (SC), um com mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii e outro com Eucalyptus benthamii, utilizando os FNs Bayovar, Gafsa e Djebel, alem do superfosfato triplo e testemunha (sem P), em um Cambissolo Humico sem e com calagem. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 5 x 2 (cinco fontes de P e dois niveis de calagem), com quatro repeticoes. As plantas foram cultivadas por 110 dias e apos a colheita, foram determinados a producao de materia seca (por diferenca de peso umido e peso seco) e o acumulo de P no tecido vegetal das diferentes partes da planta (determinado por espectrofotometria em comprimento de onda de 882 nm, apos reducao do complexo fosfomolibidato com acido ascorbico). A eficiencia relativa dos FNs (%) foi calculada a partir dos dados obtidos de materia seca de parte aerea e materia seca total. Para a correlacao entre os parametros de teor de P acumulado na planta e os teores de P disponivel no solo foi aplicado o Teste de Correlacao de Pearson (P<0,05). Todas as fontes de P apresentaram comportamento semelhante entre si, mas foram superiores a testemunha, entretanto, o uso destas fontes provocou aumento na producao de materia seca e no teor de P acumulado na parte aerea das plantas de Eucalyptus benthamii e Eucalyptus dunnii aos 110 dias de crescimento em relacao ao tratamento testemunha independente da correcao do solo. No solo sem calagem, as ERs medias foram 75, 91 e 94% respectivamente para os FNs Bayovar, Gafsa e Djebel. Para os solos com calagem, as ERs medias foram 65, 24 e 25%, para os mesmos fosfatos. Nos tratamentos sem adicao de calcario, a eficiencia relativa dos FNs foi maior em comparacao aos solos com calagem. Palavras-chave: adubacao fosfatada; variacao do pH; crescimento inicial; adubacao de base.
The eucalyptus has a pronounced demand for phosphorus (P) in the initial growth. Therefore, its P critical level is higher in the early stages of development, decreasing with plant age. The study was ...carried out to evaluate the response to fertilization and relative efficiency (RE) of phosphates (RPs) in the initial growth of eucalyptus. For this, two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, from October 2010 to February 2011, at the University of Santa Catarina (UDESC), in Lages, Santa Catarina state, one with Eucalyptus dunnii and another with Eucalyptus benthamii using the following phosphorus sources: Bayovar, Gafsa, Djebel and triple superphosphate, plus a control without P. These P treatments were applied in soils with and without liming. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement and with four replications. Plants were grown for 110 days and after harvest, were determined dry matter (by difference of wet weight and dry weight) and P accumulation in plant tissue from different parts of the plant (determined by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 882 nm after reduction of phospho-molibidate complex with ascorbic acid). The relative efficiency of RPs (%) was calculated from data obtained from dry matter of shoots and total dry matter. For the correlation between the parameters of P content in the plants and soil available P it was applied Pearson's correlation (P <0.05). All sources of P were similar to each other, but were higher than the control one, however, the use of these sources resulted in an increase in dry matter production and P content accumulated in the shoots of Eucalyptus benthamii and Eucalyptus dunnii compared to the control treatment regardless the soil amendment. In soil without lime, the RE averages were 75, 91 and 94%, respectively for RPs Bayovar, Gafsa and Djebel. For soils with lime, the RE averages were 65, 24 and 25% for the same phosphate sources. In treatments without liming the relative efficiency of RPs was higher compared to soils with lime.
Objetivos: Caracterizar a referenciação à consulta de memória pelos cuidados primários, nomeadamente os motivos de referenciação, o estudo diagnóstico realizado ao nível dos cuidados primários e o ...tempo decorrido até à consulta hospitalar. Tipo de estudo: Estudo observacional, transversal, descritivo. Local: Hospital de Braga. População: Utentes referenciados pelos cuidados de saúde primários à consulta de memória do hospital de Braga, com primeira consulta entre maio de 2011 e dezembro de 2015. Métodos: Estudo realizado entre fevereiro e junho de 2016. Foram consultadas as referenciações informáticas dos utentes selecionados. As variáveis analisadas foram género, idade, profissão, escolaridade, estado civil, antecedentes de risco, motivos de referenciação, presença de defeito cognitivo, estudo diagnóstico analítico e imagiológico prévio e tempo decorrido até à referenciação e à consulta hospitalar. Resultados: Foram identificadas 290 referenciações, maioritariamente de utentes do género feminino (69%), idade média de 75 anos, reformados (81%), com menos de quatro anos de escolaridade (51%). Cinquenta e oito por cento dos casos foram referenciados por perda de memória. Sessenta e oito por cento das referenciações indicavam antecedentes pessoais de risco e 10% antecedentes familiares de demência, 17% mencionavam a avaliação breve do estado mental, 51% indicavam realização prévia de tomografia computorizada cerebral e 32% de estudo analítico. A referenciação demorou mais de 24 meses (55%) e a consulta hospitalar entre sete a 12 meses (55%). O principal motivo de referenciação está de acordo com outros estudos. As referenciações revelaram-se incompletas relativamente aos antecedentes de risco, ao rastreio cognitivo e à investigação diagnóstica prévia. As referenciações e a resposta hospitalar são efetuadas tardiamente. Conclusão: Este estudo revelou lacunas na informação das referenciações que devem ser aperfeiçoadas, de modo a melhorar a articulação dos cuidados de saúde. Estes dados sugerem que pode haver limitações à abordagem destes doentes nos cuidados primários
Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, is a vector-borne pathogen that transits between Ixodes ticks and vertebrate hosts. During the natural infectious cycle, spirochetes must globally ...adjust their transcriptome to survive in these dissimilar environments. One way B. burgdorferi accomplishes this is through the use of alternative sigma factors to direct transcription of specific genes. RpoS, one of only three sigma factors in B. burgdorferi, controls expression of genes required during tick-transmission and infection of the mammalian host. How spirochetes switch between different sigma factors during the infectious cycle has remained elusive. Here we establish a role for a novel protein, BBD18, in the regulation of the virulence-associated sigma factor RpoS. Constitutive expression of BBD18 repressed transcription of RpoS-dependent genes to levels equivalent to those observed in an rpoS mutant. Consistent with the global loss of RpoS-dependent transcripts, we were unable to detect RpoS protein. However, constitutive expression of BBD18 did not diminish the amount of rpoS transcript, indicating post-transcriptional regulation of RpoS by BBD18. Interestingly, BBD18-mediated repression of RpoS is independent of both the rpoS promoter and the 5' untranslated region, suggesting a mechanism of protein destabilization rather than translational control. We propose that BBD18 is a novel regulator of RpoS and its activity likely represents a first step in the transition from an RpoS-ON to an RpoS-OFF state, when spirochetes transition from the host to the tick vector.
Despite the increasing use of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oil for therapeutic purposes, pre- and postnatal development of animals offspring exposed to this oil has not yet been evaluated. ...In line with previous concerns of genotoxicity, in this study adult rats were exposed to different doses of oregano essential oil (3, 9 and 27% vol/vol) duringpre-mating, mating, gestation and lactation. Prenatal screening included fetal development and uterine inspection, where the reproductive rate of females such as breeding, pregnancy, delivery, viability and post-implantation loss rate were measured. Postnatal evaluation of rat offspring included motor development, neuroendocrine and behavioral assessment. Body weight of rat dams and signs of dystocia were evaluated daily. Development of physic characteristics and reflex tests of puppies were also assessed. Additionally, these rats, when adults, were submitted to sexual and open field behavioral tests. The main differences among the groups were observed in the indices of mating, pregnancy and post-implantation loss (P<0.01). Results demonstrated that the treatment of parental generation with oregano essential oil has the potential to affect the developing fetuses at the highest dose used, but without causing maternal toxicity and changes in general behavior and development of the progeny. Key words: oregano, reproductive toxicity, progeny, reproduction, rats. Apesar do aumento do uso do oleo essencial de oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) para fins terapeuticos, o desenvolvimento pre e pos-natal da progenie de animais expostos a este oleo ainda nao foi avaliado. Partindo das suspeitas previas de genotoxicidade desse oleo, neste estudo, ratos Wistar adultos foram expostos a diferentes doses do oleo essencial de oregano (3, 9 e 27% vol/vol) durante o acasalamento, a gestacao e a lactacao. Para a avaliacao pre-natal, o desenvolvimento gestacional foi observado e os uteros inspecionados, assim como os indices reprodutivos das femeas, como a taxa de acasalamento, de gestacao, parto e perdas pos-implantacao. Na avaliacao pos-natal, observou-se o desenvolvimento motor, neuroendocrino e comportamental da prole. Observou-se, diariamente, o peso das ratas e sinais de distocia. Apos o parto, as caracteristicas de desenvolvimento e testes de reflexos dos filhotes foram avaliadas, enquanto que, na puberdade, foram realizadas analises histopatologicas e dosagem hormonal. Adicionalmente, na idade adulta, esses ratos foram submetidos ao teste de comportamento em campo aberto e ao comportamento sexual. As principais diferencas entre os grupos foram nos indices de acasalamento, de gestacao e de perdas pos-implantacao (P<0,01). Os resultados demonstram que o tratamento da geracao parental com oleo essencial de oregano tem potencial para afetar os indices reprodutivos das ratas e o desenvolvimento dos fetos na maior dose utilizada, mas sem causar toxicidade materna e alteracoes no desenvolvimento geral e comportamental da sua progenie. Palavras-chave: oregano, toxicidade reprodutiva, progenie, reproducao, ratos.
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