To investigate the incidence of and risk factors associated with negative postoperative behavioral changes (NPOBCs) in children undergoing painless gastroscopy.
Inclusion criteria: ASA I-II and ...outpatients aged 6-12 years undergoing painless gastroscopy.
history of surgery or anesthesia, children with developmental or intellectual abnormalities, refusal to participate, preoperative abdominal pain score > 3 points, history of chronic abdominal pain of > 3 months duration, and serious intraoperative complications. On the 1st, 14th, and 30th day after the gastroscopy, the Post Hospitalization Behavior Questionnaire for Ambulatory Surgery (PHBQ-AS) was used to assess NPOBCs in children.
A total of 1,670 children were included in this prospective observational cohort study. The incidence rates of NPOBCs were 14.13%, 4.55%, and 2.14% on the 1st, 14th, and 30th day after gastroscopy, respectively. The risk factors for the first day were female sex (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.00-1.79), parental anxiety (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.75-3.12), and severe anxiety in children (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.96-4.07). The risk factors on the 14th day were parental anxiety (OR 3.71, 95% CI 2.19-6.29), a parental educational level above high school (OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.00-2.70), and severe anxiety in children (OR 11.87, 95% CI 5.85-24.07). The risk factors on the 30th day were female sex (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.41-6.34), being an only child (OR 4.42, 95% CI 2.18-8.95), a parental educational level above high school (OR 2.66, 95% CI 1.27 NPOBCs 5.56), and severe anxiety in children (OR 6.84, 95% CI 2.84-16.49).
In children undergoing painless gastroscopy, the incidence rates of NPOBCs on the 1st, 14th, and 30th day were 14.13%, 4.55%, and 2.14%, respectively. The risk factors for NPOBCs were severe anxiety in children, female sex, parental anxiety, and a parental educational level above high school. In particular, severe preoperative anxiety in children was a persistent risk factor for NPOBCs within 30 days.
Responsive chromogenic materials have attracted increasing interest among researchers; however, up until now, few materials have exhibited multifunctional chromogenic properties. The coordination ...polymers (CPs) provide intriguing platforms to design and construct multifunctional materials. Here, a multifunctional photo/electricity responsive CP named Zn-Oxv, which is based on the "extended viologen" (ExV) ligand, was synthesized. The Zn-Oxv exhibited reversible photochromism, photomodulated fluorescence, electrochromism and electrofluorochromism. Furthermore, we prepared Zn-Oxv thin films and investigated electrochromic (EC) properties of viologen-based CPs for the first time. Zn-Oxv thin films showed excellent EC performance with a rapid switching speed (both coloring and bleaching time within 1 s), high coloration efficiency (102.9 cm
/C) and transmittance change (exceeding 40%). Notably, the Zn-Oxv is by far the fastest CP EC material based on redox-active ligands ever reported, indicating that the viologen-based CPs could open up a new field of materials for EC applications. Therefore, viologen-based CPs are attractive candidates for the design of novel multi-responsive chromogenic materials and EC materials that could promise creative applications in intelligent technology, dynamic displays and smart sensors.
The tenets of coordination chemistry enable researchers to design and develop nanostructured materials based on metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). Herein, for the first time, we applied the Schiff base ...system to MOF derivatives as a strategy for the heteroatom introduction into carbon-based metal oxides toward electrochromic applications. The presented Ni-MOF thin films based on Schiff base ligands were prepared by a facile and economical reductive electrosynthesis approach, facilitating the scalable fabrication of large-size electrochromic films derived from MOFs. After the pyrolysis, the desired N-doped NiO@C (N-C@NiO) films can achieve a high cycling stability (500 cycles with 7% contrast attenuation) and coloration efficiency (80.18 cm2/C) via different pyrolysis procedures. In addition, the one-step fabricated N-C@NiO shows an excellent ability of contrast modulation (68%@580 nm) with merely 3.6% transmittance at the colored state. These improvements in electrochromic properties are attributed to hierarchical porous heterostructures and influenced by the N/C ratio and C–N bonding configuration, indicating that N-C@NiO systems derived from Schiff base MOFs are promising for low-transmittance displays.
China has proposed the Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) policy to advance the stable development of renewable energy. The RPS requires each province to achieve a stated minimum share of renewable ...energy power in the total provincial power generation. However, there is an obvious mismatch between the actual capability of generating renewable power and the assigned responsibility for the share of renewable energy power based on the RPS in some provinces. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the renewable power dispatching strategy across provinces for satisfying the RPS requirements in China and to assess the corresponding pressure for each province. A renewable energy power dispatching model is developed, and an economically feasible strategy for dispatching renewable energy power in Chinese provinces in 2020–2022 was obtained. The results indicate that it is necessary to dispatch 395.2 and 140.4 TWh of hydropower and non-hydropower nationwide, respectively, in 2022 to fulfill the RPS target when the COVID-19 is effectively controlled worldwide. If COVID-19 cannot be effectively controlled, 376.6 and 127.8 TWh of hydropower and non-hydropower must be dispatched nationwide to fill the gap. Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Zhejiang are faced with a relatively high pressure under the RPS target. Finally, a path for each province to achieve its RPS target is proposed.
Boron nitride nanosheets (BN NSs) with about 2 nm thickness and 200–400 nm lateral sizes were prepared by ultrasonically exfoliating bulk boron nitride (BN) powders in deionized water (DI). BN ...NSs/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) composites were fabricated by a solution casting method. The enhanced breakdown strength and energy density of the composites were obtained at a low BN NSs weight fraction. The maximum breakdown strength and discharged energy density of 8 wt% BN NSs/PVDF composites reached to 486 kV/mm and 7.25 J/cm
3
, respectively, which led to 54 and 99% increase compared with pure PVDF (306 kV/mm, 3.63 J/cm
3
). Meanwhile, the loss tangent of BN NSs/PVDF composites was lower than pure PVDF. The enhanced dielectric properties could be attributed to BN NSs with high insulation and wide band gap. In addition, two-dimensional (2D) BN NSs fillers tended to be perpendicular to the applied electric field and effectively acted as insulating barriers to improve the breakdown strength and energy density.
Rock formations naturally contain intricate internal fractures due to various environmental factors. Such fractures result in significant weakening of the mechanical properties of the rock mass. As ...factures have different geometric features and fill material characteristics, it is difficult to replicate their complex behavior in the laboratory. This poses a serious limitation on the experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of fractured rocks. Sand powder 3D printing (3DP) can overcome the limitations of casting methods in preparing samples with complex fractures and thus is widely applied in soft rock mechanics experiments. This paper utilizes Computer Tomography (CT) scanning to obtain the probability distribution patterns of fractures in fractured rock samples. Additionally, it combines sand powder 3DP technology to generate soft rock-like samples with internal networks of filled fractures. Uniaxial compression experiments employing digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques are used to investigate the mechanical properties, deformation characteristics, and fracture evolution patterns of samples with different fracture densities. By increasing the fracture density, the peak strength of the soft rock-like samples exponentially decreases, and the deformation characteristics linearly decrease. Crack propagation paths mostly follow the prefabricated fracture trajectories and loading direction. An RA-AF analysis suggests that the failure mode of the soft rock-like samples transitions from diagonal shear failure to block-shaped shear failure with increasing fracture density. These research findings represent a novel sand powder 3DP approach for studying the complex mechanics of complex fractured rocks.
•A novel method to generate rock analogs with filled internal fractures is proposed.•Internal fracture density has great effect on the mechanical properties of samples.•Effect of fracture density on failure patterns are investigated with DIC and AE.
Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) composite films were prepared by introducing polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) into PVDF matrix. Uniform dispersion and good compatibility of ...PS-b-PMMA in matrix were observed, which was helpful for high breakdown strength (E
b
). The composite film with 9 wt% PS-b-PMMA showed the maximum E
b
of 522 kV/mm and the high discharged energy density (U
e
) of 10.1 J/cm
3
, which were 1.7 times and 2.6 times higher than pure PVDF, respectively. Besides, a charged-discharged efficiency (η) of 88% was much higher than pure PVDF at 300 kV/mm, which was beneficial to energy storage.
The random distribution of a complex joint network within a coal–rock mass has a significant weakening effect on its bearing capacity, making the surrounding rock of the roadway highly susceptible to ...instability and failure under the influence of in situ stress and mining-induced stress. This poses challenges in controlling the surrounding rock and seriously affects the normal production of mines. Consequently, it is imperative to conduct stability analysis on complex jointed roadway surrounding rock. Therefore, taking the transport roadway of Panel 11030 in the Zhaogu No. 2 Coal Mine as a case study, the microscopic contact parameters of particles and joint surfaces in each rock layer were calibrated through uniaxial compression and shear simulation tests using the particle flow simulation software PFC2D 5.0. Based on the calibrated microscopic contact parameters, a multilayered roadway surrounding rock model containing complex joints was established, and the joint density was quantified to analyze its effects on the displacement field, stress field, force chain field, and energy field of the roadway surrounding rock. The research findings indicate that as the distance to the sidewall decreases, the impact of joint density on the deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway increases. The displacement of the roadway roof, floor, and sidewalls is affected differently by the joint density, predominantly contingent upon the properties of the rock mass. During the process of stress redistribution in the surrounding rock, the vertical stress of the roof and floor is released more intensively compared to the horizontal stress, while the horizontal stress of the sidewalls is released more intensively compared to the vertical stress. The increase in joint density leads to an increasing release rate of the surrounding rock stress, causing the load-bearing rock mass to transfer towards the deeper part. As the joint density increases, the force chain network gradually transitions from dense to sparse, resulting in a decrease in strong force chains and a decline in the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock, accompanied by an expansion in the range of force chain failure and deformation. With the continuous increase in joint density, the values of maximum released kinetic energy and residual released kinetic energy become larger. Once the joint density reaches a certain threshold, the kinetic energy stability zone consistently maintains a high energy level, indicating extreme instability in the roadway and sustained deformation. The results provide a valuable insight for analyzing the failure mechanism of complex jointed roadway surrounding rock and implementing corresponding support measures.
Aims
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays an integral role in anxiety disorders (such as post traumatic stress disorder) stem from dysregulated fear memory. The excitability of glutamatergic neurons ...in the BLA correlates with fear memory, and the afterhyperpolarization current (IAHP) mediated by small‐conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel subtype 2 (SK2) dominates the excitability of glutamatergicneurons. This study aimed to explore the effect of MPP2 interacts with SK2 in the excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the BLA and the extinction of conditioned fear in mice.
Methods
Fear memory was analyzed via freezing percentage. Western blotting and fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to determine the expression of protein and mRNA respectively. Electrophysiology was employed to measure the excitability of glutamatergic neurons and IAHP.
Results
Fear conditioning decreased the levels of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA, which were restored following fear extinction. Notably, reduced expression of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA during fear conditioning was caused by the increased activity of protein kinase A (PKA), while increased levels of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA during fear extinction were mediated by interactions with membrane‐palmitoylated protein 2 (MPP2).
Conclusions
Our results revealed that MPP2 interacts with the SK2 channels and rescues the excitability of glutamatergic neurons by increasing the expression of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA to promote the normalization of anxiety disorders and provide a new direction for the treatment.
Reduced expression of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA during fear conditioning was caused by the increased activity of protein kinase A (PKA), while increased levers of synaptic SK2 channels in the BLA during fear extinction were mediated by interactions with membrane‐palmitoylated protein 2 (MPP2).
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