This study was carried out to establish biochemical parameters with potential diagnostic value to assess the nutritional status of healthy seabass. For that purpose, triplicate groups of seabass ...juveniles were submitted to different feeding protocols: fed for 14 days; fed for 7 days followed by 7 days of fasting or fasted for 14 days. At the end of the trial, body, liver and viscera were randomly sampled for proximate composition analysis. Blood was also collected and the following plasma parameters were analyzed by standard clinical methods: glucose; cholesterol; triglycerides; protein; inorganic phosphorus; calcium; magnesium; alkaline phosphatase (ALP); aspartate aminotransferase; lactate dehydrogenase; creatine phosphokinase and lipase. No major effect of feed deprivation on body composition, visceral index, perivisceral and hepatic lipid content were observed, whereas hepatosomatic index and hepatic glycogen were reduced. Previous feeding conditions strongly influenced the plasma parameters in seabass. Comparatively to the fed group, plasma glucose, cholesterol and calcium levels were reduced after 2 weeks of fasting while plasma triglycerides, protein, inorganic phosphorus and ALP attained minimum levels after 1 week of fasting. Overall, enzymatic activity parameters showed higher variability than biochemistry parameters. In conclusion, during short-term starvation (<14 days) hepatic energy depots were extensively mobilized while perivisceral and body lipids reserves were preserved. Among measured parameters, plasma protein, triglycerides, inorganic phosphorus and ALP seem to have potential as predicative diagnostic tools to assess the nutritional status of seabass and may be useful to monitor feeding practices in aquaculture. Further studies are, however, required to extend results of this study to other fish size classes.
Objective: to compare the quality of the Nursing process documentation in two versions of a clinical decision support system. Method: a quantitative and quasi-experimental study of the ...before-and-after type. The instrument used to measure the quality of the records was the Brazilian version of the Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes, which has four domains and a maximum score of 58 points. A total of 81 records were evaluated in version I (pre-intervention), as well as 58 records in version II (post-intervention), and the scores obtained in the two applications were compared. The interventions consisted of planning, pilot implementation of version II of the system, training and monitoring of users. The data were analyzed in the R software, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the mean obtained at the pre-intervention moment was 38.24 and, after the intervention, 46.35 points. There was evidence of statistical difference between the means of the pre- and post-intervention groups, since the p-value was below 0.001 in the four domains evaluated. Conclusion: the quality of the documentation of the Nursing process in version II of the system was superior to version I. The efficacy of the system and the effectiveness of the interventions were verified. This study can contribute to the quality of documentation, care management, visibility of nursing actions and patient safety.
Objetivo: comparar a qualidade da documentação do processo de enfermagem em duas versões de um sistema de apoio à decisão clínica. Método: estudo quantitativo, quase-experimental do tipo antes e depois. O instrumento utilizado para mensurar a qualidade dos registros foi o Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes Versão Brasileira, que possui quatro domínios e escore máximo de 58 pontos. Foram avaliados 81 registros na versão I (pré-intervenção), 58 registros da versão II (pós-intervenção) e comparados os escores obtidos nas duas aplicações. As intervenções consistiram em planejamento, implantação piloto da versão II do sistema, treinamento e acompanhamento dos usuários. Os dados foram analisados no software R, utilizando-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a média obtida na pré-intervenção foi de 38,24 e pós-intervenção, 46,35 pontos. Houve evidências de diferença estatística entre as médias dos grupos pré e pós-intervenção, visto que o valor-p foi menor que 0,001 nos quatro domínios avaliados. Conclusão: a qualidade da documentação do processo de enfermagem na versão II do sistema foi superior à versão I. A eficácia do sistema e a efetividade das intervenções foram comprovadas. Este estudo pode contribuir para a qualidade da documentação, gerenciamento do cuidado, visibilidade das ações de enfermagem e segurança do paciente.
Objetivo: comparar la calidad de la documentación del proceso de Enfermería en dos versiones de un sistema de apoyo a la decisión clínica. Método: estudio cuantitativo y cuasi-experimental del tipo antes y después. El instrumento que se usó para medir la calidad de los registros fue la versión brasileña del Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes, que contiene cuatro dominios y puntaje máximo de 58 puntos. Se evaluaron 81 registros en la versión I (pre-intervención), 58 registros de la versión II (post-intervención) y se compararon las puntuaciones logradas en las dos aplicaciones. Las intervenciones consistieron en planificar, implementar de forma piloto la versión II del sistema, entrenar y realizar un seguimiento a los usuarios. Los datos se analizaron en el software R, utilizando estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: el promedio obtenido en el momento pre-intervención fue de 38,24 y en la post-intervención fue de 46,35 puntos. Se registraron evidencias de diferencia estadística entre los promedios de los grupos pre- y post-intervención, visto que el valor-p fue menor que 0,001 en los cuatro dominios evaluados. Conclusión: la calidad de la documentación del proceso de Enfermería en la versión II del sistema fue superior a la versión I. Se comprobó la eficacia del sistema y la efectividad de las intervenciones. Este estudio pudo contribuir para la calidad de la documentación, gerenciamiento de la atención, visibilidad de las acciones de Enfermería y seguridad del paciente.
Objective
This study evaluated systemic and periodontal conditions and their association with quality of life in women in the third trimester of pregnancy, assisted by the Brazilian public ...health‐care system, with excessive and normal weight.
Methods
Fifty pregnant women were allocated into two groups according to their pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI): excessive (GE; n = 25; BMI ≥ 25.00 kg/m2); and normal (GN; n = 25; 18.00 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.99 kg/m2). Thereafter, variables such as socio‐economic level, anthropometric parameters (body mass index and gestational weight gain), systemic conditions, periodontal status, and oral health‐related quality of life using the short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14), were evaluated.
Results
There was no significant difference between groups in schooling level, monthly household income and gestational weight gain (P > 0.05). The GE group showed a higher frequency of arterial hypertension (P = 0.018), sought dental services less frequently (P = 0.035), had a higher prevalence of periodontitis (P = 0.011), and had a higher OHIP‐14 overall score (P = 0.004) characterised by physical and psychological impact. In the final binary logistic regression models, high maternal BMI was associated with arterial hypertension and periodontitis during pregnancy, while periodontitis was strongly associated with moderate and high impact on quality of life.
Conclusion
Pregnant women in the third trimester with excessive weight, assisted by the Brazilian public health‐care system, presented with a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension, worse periodontal conditions and consequent high impact on quality of life.
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the largest by-product originated from the brewery industry with a high potential for producing carbohydrases by solid-state fermentation. This work aimed to test the ...efficacy of a carbohydrases-rich extract produced from solid-state fermentation of BSG, to enhance the digestibility of a plant-based diet for European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). First, BSG was fermented with A. ibericus to obtain an aqueous lyophilized extract (SSF-BSG extract) and incorporated in a plant-based diet at increasing levels (0-control; 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%). Another diet incorporating a commercial carbohydrases-complex (0.04%; Natugrain; BASF) was formulated. Then, all diets were tested in in vitro and in vivo digestibility assays. In vitro assays, simulating stomach and intestine digestion in European seabass, assessed dietary phosphorus, phytate phosphorus, carbohydrates, and protein hydrolysis, as well as interactive effects between fish enzymes and dietary SSF-BSG extract. After, an in vivo assay was carried out with European seabass juveniles fed selected diets (0-control; 0.1%, and 0.4%). In vitro digestibility assays showed that pentoses release increased 45% with 0.4% SSF-BSG extract and 25% with Natugrain supplemented diets, while amino acids release was not affected. A negative interaction between endogenous fish enzymes and SSF-BSG extract was observed in both diets. The in vivo digestibility assay corroborated in vitro data. Accordingly, the dietary supplementation with 0.4% SSF-BSG increased the digestibility of dry matter, starch, cellulose, glucans, and energy and did not affect protein digestibility. The present work showed the high potential of BSG to produce an added-value functional supplement with high carbohydrases activity and its potential contribution to the circular economy by improving the nutritional value of low-cost and sustainable ingredients that can be included in aquafeeds.
Aim
The aim this study was to evaluate the influence of gastric bypass surgery (GBS) on periodontal disease and quantify the periodontopathogenic bacteria in patients undergoing this surgery.
...Material and Methods
This prospective study was composed of 50 patients who underwent bariatric surgery and the data collection was performed in three periods pre‐operative, 6 (6M) and 12 months (12M) postoperative. The oral clinical examination to assess periodontal disease; gingival fluid sample collection for quantification of the periodontopathogenic bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Prevotella intermedia using q‐PCR; body mass index (BMI) and for collection of the individual's health‐related data from medical files.
Results
There was a significant reduction in serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) and glucose levels after surgery. The mean probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) increased significantly in the postoperative period of 6 months (p = 0.001). In the same period, the amount of P. gingivalis increased (p = 0.028) and the other bacteria decreased slightly (p > 0.050). In the presence of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola and P. intermedia, a poor periodontal condition was observed.
Conclusion
The periodontal disease increased in severity and P. gingivalis increased after GBS. A systemic inflammation resolution due to bariatric surgery in obese subjects does not seem to affect the course of periodontal disease.
Objective
This observational cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate systemic and oral conditions in pregnant women with excessive pre‐pregnancy weight (PEW) and normal pre‐pregnancy weight (PNW) who ...underwent follow‐up in the private healthcare system during the third trimester of pregnancy.
Methods
Fifty pregnant women were evaluated from August 2017 to February 2018 and divided into two groups: women with PEW (n = 25); and those with PNW (n = 25). Their weight and body mass index (BMI), periodontal disease status, stimulated salivary flow, and systemic condition were evaluated. Statistical analyses were conducted using t‐test, Mann–Whitney test, chi‐square test and binary logistic regression (P < 0.05).
Results
The groups did not differ in age, educational level or monthly household income (P > 0.05). The PEW group had a higher frequency of arterial hypertension (P = 0.019) and excessive weight gain during gestation (P = 0.010), sought dental services less frequently, and had increased severity of periodontitis (P < 0.0001). Both groups presented low salivary flow, with no intergroup difference. In the final binary logistic regression models, high maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI was a significant predictor of arterial hypertension and periodontitis during the third trimester of gestation; maternal excessive weight gain was also a significant predictor of periodontitis during pregnancy.
Conclusion
Women with PEW who underwent follow‐up in a private healthcare system had a higher prevalence of arterial hypertension and worse periodontal status during the third trimester of pregnancy as compared to women with normal weight.
The aim of this study was to identify the impact of oral disease on the quality of life of morbid obese and normal weight individuals. Cohort was composed of 100 morbid-obese and 50 normal-weight ...subjects. Dental caries, community periodontal index, gingival bleeding on probing (BOP), calculus, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level, dental wear, stimulated salivary flow, and salivary pH were used to evaluate oral diseases. Socioeconomic and the oral impacts on daily performances (OIDP) questionnaires showed the quality of life in both groups. Unpaired Student, Fisher's Exact, Chi-Square, Mann-Whitney, and Multiple Regression tests were used (p<0.05). Obese showed lower socio-economic level than control group, but no differences were found considering OIDP. No significant differences were observed between groups considering the number of absent teeth, bruxism, difficult mastication, calculus, initial caries lesion, and caries. However, saliva flow was low, and the salivary pH was changed in the obese group. Enamel wear was lower and dentine wear was higher in obese. More BOP, insertion loss, and periodontal pocket, especially the deeper ones, were found in obese subjects. The regression model showed gender, smoking, salivary pH, socio-economic level, periodontal pocket, and periodontal insertion loss significantly associated to obesity. However, both OIDP and BOP did not show significant contribution to the model. The quality of life of morbid obese was more negatively influenced by oral disease and socio-economic factors than in normal weight subjects.
Automated real-time feedback devices have been considered a potential tool to improve the quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Despite previous studies supporting the usefulness of such ...devices during training, others have conflicting conclusions regarding its efficacy during real-life CPR. This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of automated real-time feedback devices for improving CPR performance during training, simulation and real-life resuscitation attempts in the adult and paediatric population.
Articles published between January 2010 and November 2020 were searched from BVS, Cinahl, Cochrane, PubMed and Web of Science, and reviewed according to a pre-defined set of eligibility criteria which included healthcare providers and randomised controlled trial studies. CPR quality was assessed based on guideline compliance for chest compression rate, chest compression depth and residual leaning.
The selection strategy led to 19 eligible studies, 16 in training/simulation and three in real-life CPR. Feedback devices during training and/or simulation resulted in improved acquisition of skills and enhanced performance in 15 studies. One study resulted in no significant improvement. During real resuscitation attempts, three studies demonstrated significant improvement with the use of feedback devices in comparison with standard CPR (without feedback device).
The use of automated real-time feedback devices enhances skill acquisition and CPR performance during training of healthcare professionals. Further research is needed to better understand the role of feedback devices in clinical setting.
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary linoleic acid to linolenic acid (LNA/ALA) ratio on growth performance, feed utilization, plasma metabolite profiles, and muscle and liver ...fatty acid profiles of juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Six diets were formulated to contain incremental levels of corn oil (rich in LNA) from 0 to 7% at the expense of linseed oil (rich in ALA), resulting in dietary LNA/ALA ratios ranging from 3.1 to 26.9. A control diet including fish oil was also formulated. The trial lasted 49 days, and each diet was assigned to six groups of fish with an initial body weight of 43 g. At the end of the trial, dietary LNA/ALA ratio did not affect growth performance, feed utilization, and plasma metabolites profile, except for HDL that was lower in fish fed the 3.8 LNA/ALA diet than the 3.1 or 5.0 LNA/ALA diets. Whole-body protein content was lower in fish fed the control and 3.1 LNA/ALA diets. Composition of triglycerides, glucose and protein of liver and muscle was unaffected by dietary treatments. Eicosapentaeneoic acid (EPA, 20:5n–3) plus docosahexaenoic acid, (DHA, 22:6n–3) content of muscle decreased with the increase of LNA/ALA ratio. Fish fed 3.9–5.6 LNA/ALA diet showed the highest concentration of muscle ARA (arachidonic acid, 20:4n-6) and EPA + DHA among vegetable oil diets, though lower than that of fish fed the fish oil based diet. In conclusion, dietary LNA/ALA ratio should range between 3.9–5.6 to produce fillets with high EPA, DHA, and ARA contents, thus improving the nutritional quality of tambaqui fillets for human consumers.
•Tambaqui is metabolically able on elongating and desaturating linoleic and linolenic acids into EPA, DHA and ARA.•Optimal dietary linoleic/linolenic acids ratio can increase n-3 LC-PUFA concentration in muscle of tambaqui.•Tambaqui fed the vegetable oil or fish oil had the same growth performance.
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