The crossover between research and field is an essential basis for thinking about adaptation on a territorial scale. In the field, the AdaMont project, which focuses on adaptation to climate change ...in medium mountain areas, was based on a participatory approach involving a wide range of stakeholders, while remaining as close as possible to the operational level. At the end of the project, many indicators testify to the reality of this co-construction work: sixteen days of workshops, one hundred and fifty people mobilized and several thousand elements of formalized knowledge for the mountain territories partners of the project.
Le croisement des regards entre recherche et terrain constitue un socle essentiel pour penser l'adaptation à l'échelle des territoires. Côté terrain, le projet AdaMont, centré sur l'adaptation au changement climatique des territoires de moyenne montagne, s'est appuyé sur une démarche participative impliquant une large gamme de parties-prenantes, tout en restant au plus près du niveau opérationnel. À l'issue du projet, de nombreux indicateurs témoignent de la réalité de ce travail de co-construction : seize journées d'ateliers, cent-cinquante personnes mobilisées et plusieurs milliers d'éléments de connaissance formalisés pour les territoires de montagne partenaires du projet.
Water resources, hydroelectricity production, mountain forests, mountain livestock, natural risks, winter tourism... are all sectors of activity and/or issues impacted by climate change in the ...mountain areas. These themes were addressed within the framework of the AdaMont project, combining knowledge synthesis, participatory workshops and collection of adaptation stories. Thematic sheets have been produced and disseminated to make these adaptation stories accessible. This article presents a compilation of them.
Ressources en eau, production d'hydroélectricité, forêts de montagne, élevage d'altitude, risques naturels, tourisme hivernal... sont autant de secteurs d'activité et/ou d'enjeux impactés par le changement climatique dans les territoires de montage. Ces thématiques ont été abordées dans le cadre du projet AdaMont, en associant synthèse des connaissances, ateliers participatifs et recueil de récits d'adaptation. Des fiches thématiques ont été produites et diffusées pour restituer de façon accessible ces récits d'adaptation. Cet article en présente une compilation.
To face climate change, mid-mountain territorial communities set up sectoral adaptations. This article presents a model of capitalization and linking of these adaptation practices (already tested or ...to be considered). This model makes it possible to move from a sectoral to an integrated and intelligent adaptation, aware of implications and synergies between several sectors of activities over a given territory. The model's concepts are presented in UML (Unified Modeling Language), a graphical modeling language used to design computer systems. From this, objective would be to use these concepts to build a web application dedicated to climate change adaptation practices, which could support governance of territorial communities. Conducted within the framework of the GICC-ONERC AdaMont (2015-2017) project, this operational aim may justify the setting up of new scientific and technical partnerships.
Face au changement climatique, les communautés territoriales de moyenne montagne mettent en place, de façon sectorielle, des adaptations. Cet article présente un modèle de capitalisation et de mise en relation de ces pratiques d'adaptation (éprouvées ou envisagées). Celui-ci permet de passer d'une adaptation métier, sectorielle, à une adaptation intégrée, intelligente, consciente des implications et synergies entre les secteurs d'activités présents sur un territoire. Les concepts qui structurent le modèle sont présentés en UML (Unified Modeling Language), un langage de modélisation informatique graphique servant de support à la conception de systèmes informatisés. L'ambition, à termes, est de développer ces concepts jusqu'à la réalisation d'une application web destinée à la gouvernance des communautés territoriales qui traite des pratiques d'adaptation au changement climatique. Mené dans le cadre du projet GICC-ONERC AdaMont (2015-2017), cette visée opérationnelle pourra justifier la mise en place de nouveaux partenariats scientifiques et techniques.
New reconfigurable antenna array is demonstrated for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication systems that improves link capacity in closely spaced antenna arrays. The antenna system ...consists of an array of two printed dipoles separated by a distance of a quarter wavelength. Each of the dipoles can be reconfigured in length using PIN diode switches. The switch configuration can be modified in a manner adaptive to changes in the environment. The configuration of switches effects the mutual coupling between the array elements, and subsequently, the radiation pattern of each antenna, leading to different degrees of pattern diversity which can be used to improve link capacity. The PIN diode-based reconfigurable antenna solution is first motivated through a capacity analysis of the antenna in a clustered MIMO channel model. A new definition of spatial correlation coefficient is introduced to include the effects of antenna mismatch and radiation efficiency when quantifying the benefit of pattern diversity. Next, the widespread applicability of the proposed technique is demonstrated, relative to conventional half wavelength printed dipoles, using computational electromagnetic simulation in an outdoor and indoor environment and field measurements in an indoor laboratory environment. It is shown for the 2 times 2 system considered in this paper, that an average improvement of 10% and 8% is achieved in link capacity for a signal to noise ratio (SNR) respectively of 10 dB and 20 dB in an indoor environment compared to a system employing non reconfigurable antenna arrays.
The IBEX-Hi Neutral Atom Imager of the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) mission is designed to measure energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) originating from the interaction region between the ...heliosphere and the local interstellar medium (LISM). These ENAs are plasma ions that have been heated in the interaction region and neutralized by charge exchange with the cold neutral atoms of the LISM that freely flow through the interaction region. IBEX-Hi is a single pixel ENA imager that covers the ENA spectral range from 0.38 to 6 keV and shares significant energy overlap and overall design philosophy with the IBEX-Lo sensor. Because of the anticipated low flux of these ENAs at 1 AU, the sensor has a large geometric factor and incorporates numerous techniques to minimize noise and backgrounds. The IBEX-Hi sensor has a field-of-view (FOV) of 6.5°×6.5° FWHM, and a 6.5°×360° swath of the sky is imaged over each spacecraft spin. IBEX-Hi utilizes an ultrathin carbon foil to ionize ENAs in order to measure their energy by subsequent electrostatic analysis. A multiple coincidence detection scheme using channel electron multiplier (CEM) detectors enables reliable detection of ENAs in the presence of substantial noise. During normal operation, the sensor steps through six energy steps every 12 spacecraft spins. Over a single IBEX orbit of about 8 days, a single 6.5°×360° swath of the sky is viewed, and re-pointing of the spin axis toward the Sun near perigee of each IBEX orbit moves the ecliptic longitude by about 8° every orbit such that a full sky map is acquired every six months. These global maps, covering the spectral range of IBEX-Hi and coupled to the IBEX-Lo maps at lower and overlapping energies, will answer fundamental questions about the structure and dynamics of the interaction region between the heliosphere and the LISM.
The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the temporal correlation between Google Trends and the data on measles infection arising from the conventional surveillance system, reported by the ...Istituto Superiore di Sanità's (ISS) bulletin. Moreover, this study is also aimed at forecasting the trends of the reported infectious diseases cases over time.
The reported cases of measles were selected from January 2013 until October 2018. The data on Internet searches have been obtained from Google Trends; the research data referred to the first 48 weeks of year 2017 have been aggregated on a weekly basis. The search volume provided by Google Trends has a relative nature and is calculated as a percentage of query related to a specific term in connection with a determined place and time-frame. The statistical analyses have been performed by using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho). The statistical significance level for such analyses has been fixed in 0.05.
We have observed a strong correlation at a lag of 0 to -4 weeks (rho > 0.70) with the cases reported by ISS with the strongest correlation at a lag of -3 weeks (rho > 0.80 both for measles than for the symptoms of the measles). The database containing monthly data has shown a moderate correlation at a lag of -1 to +1 months and a strongest correlation at a lag of -1 (rho = 0.6152 for measles and rho = 0.5039 for symptoms of the measles).
The surveillance systems based on Google Trends have a potential role in public health in order to provide near real-time indicators of the spread of infectious diseases. Therefore the huge potential of this approach could be used in the immediate future as a support of the traditional surveillance systems.
Proposed is a reconfigurable planar antenna that can generate omnidirectional and directional radiation patterns. The design has been tuned to resonate at 3.8 GHz and covers a bandwidth of several ...hundred MHz. Using RF switches, the antenna can generate five different radiation patterns: a single omnidirectional mode and four directional modes. Simulations and measurements were carried out and are in good agreement. The compact planar design, large operating bandwidth, and ability to create both omnidirectional and directional radiation patterns make this antenna suitable for small form factor wireless devices in next generation cognitive networks.
During the university period, student wellbeing is exposed to the negative effects of many stressful factors, including the use and abuse of alcoholic beverages. The aim of this study is to estimate ...the risky alcohol consumption within the student population of the University of Palermo.
An anonymous online questionnaire was provided to students enrolled in the mailing list of the Regional Agency for the Right to University Study (ERSU) of the University of Palermo. the first section investigated demographic and social data, while in the second section the A.U.D.I.T. C (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption) test was administered.
539 subjects agreed to the informed consent and completed the questionnaire. The average age of the sample is 22.65 years (SD ± 2.95). Considering as dependent variable "students with risky consumption of alcohol", the statistically significant independent variables associated were: "age class ≤22 years old" (aOR 2.02, 95% CI 1.18-3.44, p=0.019), "don't live with own family" (aOR 3.21, 95% CI 1.81-5.69, p&0.001) and "I currently smoke" (aOR 6.44, 95% CI 3.85-10.79, p&0.001).
The results of the study show that about 19% of students experience risky alcohol consumption. This percentage seems not to be gender related. Information and training campaigns focused on alcoholism and related risks are of great importance in order to educate students on the socio-economic costs of alcohol related diseases to public health; parents can play a crucial role in minimising the use of alcohol in their sons/children through dialogue if properly trained to address these issues. In fact, our study seems to show that those who no longer live in the household have a higher risk of alcohol consumption.
