The article aims to discuss the possibilities of resocialization in the Lithuanian penitentiary system. The discussion takes its point of departure in an overview of the statistical data of secondary ...crime rates. The author argues that the contradicting nature of the idea of resocialization is defined by the tension between the principles of the penitentiary system (control, submission and isolation) and the notion of the individual as self-expressive and freely choosing on which the penitentiary system is grounded. The author develops the discussion through by analyzing the data of a survey research on the one hand and the interviews with the experts of the penitentiary system on the other.
Straipsnyje aptariamos resocializacijos galimybės Lietuvos penitencinėje sistemoje. Pažymėtina, jog pastaruoju laikotarpiu resocializacijos idėja vis dažniau iškyla oficialiuose Lietuvos teisiniuose dokumentuose. Jau po Nepriklausomybės atkūrimo gana greitai atkreiptas dėmesys į kolonijose, kalėjimuose, areštinėse kalinamų žmonių sąlygas bei kuriami Lietuvos penitencines sistemos pertvarkymo, susijusio su individo resocializacija, instituciniai pagrindai. Kai kurie iš jų šiuo metu bandomi įgyvendinti praktiškai. Tačiau kyla kausimas, kokios yra realios Lietuvos penitencinės sistemos resocializacijos galimybės? Vienas iš būdų, kuris leidžia atskleisti įkalinimo įstaigų resocializacijos galimybes, yra veiksnių, darančių įtaką pakartotinų nusikaltimų padarymui, įvardijimas. 1990-1998-aisiais metais nežymiai didėjantis pakartotinai nusikaltusių asmeny skaičius (1998-aisiais metais sudarė apie 34% visų išaiškintų asmenų, padariusių nusikaltimus) lyg ir neturėtų sukelti ypatingo susidomėjimo, tačiau reali situacija atskirose nuteistųjų įkalinimo įstaigose, o ypač griežto režimo kolonijose, kuriose asmenys atlieka bausmę ne pirmą kartą, yra kitokia: penitencinis recidyvas atskirais atvejais siekia iki 80% (Vilniaus griežto režimo kolonijoje). Taigi pagrindinė resocializacijos problema atsiranda dėl prieštaravimo tarp resocializacijos idėjų, kurios skelbia apie asmens saviraišką, teises bei pasirinkimą, ir esminių penitencines sistemos principų - kontrolės, paklusimo ir izoliacijos. Straipsnyje siekiama išsiaiškinti resocializacijos galimybes Lietuvos įkalinimo įstaigose, jų vaidmenį penitencinės sistemos reformoje, pakartotinų nusikaltimų įkalinimo įstaigose mažinimo perspektyvas. Atliekant analizę remtasi nuteistųjų asmeny Lietuvos įkalinimo įstaigose anketinių apklausų bei kokybinių giluminių interviu su penitencinės sistemos ekspertais duomenimis.
This article addresses the issue of corruption diagnostics. It analyses the existing approaches to measure corruption, namely the perception-based approach, the experience-based approach, the ...tracking approach and the legal statistics approach. The article discusses the possibilities and difficulties that measuring of corruption presents and offers global and national examples to illustrate that. It also addresses in greater detail corruption research carried out in Lithuania. Finally, the article presents the summary of the insights made, discusses the challenges of corruption diagnostics and its possible solutions.
The article focuses on the concept of corruption and the problems defining the corruption. It also discusses the possibilities of theoretical analysis of corruption phenomenon. Law, public interest ...and public opinion have significant role in defining corruption. The problems of corruption determination is: the differences among „corruption“ as it is defined in the official laws of countries, as it effects the public and „corruption“ as it is defined by public. The preparation of the comparative studies of corruption in different countries also is complicated. The article analyzes political corruption as the example of mentioned issues. The theoretical analysis of corruption in the article is based on two models: a Heidenheimer approach (as a macro level theory) and principal – agent approach (as a micro level theory). The advantages and disadvantages of theses two models are presented. The article evaluates corruption phenomenon not only in the context of law and criminal justice, but also in the broader context of political, social, economical and cultural life.
Straipsnyje analizuojama korupcijos apibrėžimo problematika ir teorinės korupcijos reiškinio analizės galimybes. Nagrinėjami įstatymo, viešojo intereso ir visuomenės nuomonės vaidmenys apibrėžiant korupciją. Skiriamos esminės problemos, atsirandančios siekiant apibrėžti korupcijos reiškinį: skirtumai tarp teisinės korupcijos sampratos, praktinio jos poveikio ir visuomenės suvokimo, o taip pat problemos, atsirandančios vykdant lyginamąsias skirtingų šalių korupcijos reiškinio studijas. Kaip iliustracija, susijusi su paminėta problematika, nagrinėjama politinė korupcija. Straipsnyje pateikiami du teoriniai modeliai: A. Heidenheimerio požiūris (makro lygmens teorija) ir atstovaujamojo – atstovo modelis (mikro lygmens teorija). Pateikiami šių teorinių požiūrių privalumai ir trūkumai. Straipsnyje siekiama apibrėžti korupcijos reiškinį ne tik teisės ir kriminalinės justicijos atžvilgiu, bet ir platesniame politiniame, socialiniame, ekonominiame ir kultūriniame kontekstuose.
The article focuses on the concept of corruption and the problems defining the corruption. It also discusses the possibilities of theoretical analysis of corruption phenomenon. Law, public interest ...and public opinion have significant role in defining corruption. The problems of corruption determination is: the differences among „corruption“ as it is defined in the official laws of countries, as it effects the public and „corruption“ as it is defined by public. The preparation of the comparative studies of corruption in different countries also is complicated. The article analyzes political corruption as the example of mentioned issues. The theoretical analysis of corruption in the article is based on two models: a Heidenheimer approach (as a macro level theory) and principal – agent approach (as a micro level theory). The advantages and disadvantages of theses two models are presented. The article evaluates corruption phenomenon not only in the context of law and criminal justice, but also in the broader context of political, social, economical and cultural life.
This article addresses the issue of corruption diagnostics. It analyses the existing approaches to measure corruption, namely the perception-based approach, the experience-based approach, the ...tracking approach & the legal statistics approach. The article discusses the possibilities & difficulties that measuring of corruption presents & offers global & national examples to illustrate that. It also addresses in greater detail corruption research carried out in Lithuania. Finally, the article presents the summary of the insights made, discusses the challenges of corruption diagnostics & its possible solutions. References. Adapted from the source document.
The article focuses on the concept of corruption and the problems of defining the corruption. It also discusses the possibilities of theoretical analysis of corruption phenomenon. Law, public ...interest and public opinion have significant role in defining corruption. The problems of corruption determination is: the differences among çorruption" as it is defined in the official laws of countries, as it effects the public and "corruption" as it is defined by public. The preparation of the comparative studies of corruption in different countries also is complicated. The article analyzes political corruption as the example of mentioned issues. The theoretical analysis of corruption in the article is based on two models: a Heidenheimer approach (as a macro level theory) and principal - agent approach (as a micro level theory). The advantages and disadvantages of theses two models are presented. The article evaluates corruption phenomenon not only in the context of law and criminal justice, but also in the broader context of political, social, economical and cultural life.
The article focuses on the concept of corruption & the problems defining the corruption. It also discusses the possibilities of theoretical analysis of corruption phenomenon. Law, public interest & ...public opinion have significant role in defining corruption. The problems of corruption determination is: the differences among "corruption" as it is defined in the official laws of countries, as it effects the public & "corruption" as it is defined by public. The preparation of the comparative studies of corruption in different countries also is complicated. The article analyzes political corruption as the example of mentioned issues. The theoretical analysis of corruption in the article is based on two models: a Heidenheimer approach (as a macro level theory) & principal -- agent approach (as a micro level theory). The advantages & disadvantages of theses two models are presented. The article evaluates corruption phenomenon not only in the context of law & criminal justice, but also in the broader context of political, social, economical & cultural life. Adapted from the source document.
The article explores the possibilities of resocialization in Lithuanian prison system based on sociological empirical research. Talking about the possibilities of re-socialization in correctional ...institutions we have to take into account for recidivism and its trends. According to the statistics of 1998 the repeaters committed approximately 34% out of total number of recorded crimes. This indicator is not very interesting compared to the real situation which is different at specific prisons. In some strict regime colonies penitential repeaters make up to 80% of prison population. Therefore, the question is -- what are the actual possibilities of re-socialization in correctional institutions? One of the possible ways to mark resocialization possibilities for prisons is to analyze the indicators, which have direct influence on recidivism. The main problem of re-socialization appears in light of two contradicting ideas: one of re-socialization such as correction, reeducation, human rights, changing of prisoners, and the other delimits the main functions of prisons such as control, isolation and submission. The article presents a sociological research aimed at analysis of the possibilities of re-socialization in Lithuania prison system and its place in the reform of this system, and an analysis of the possibilities of reduction of recidivism. Also this paper presents an analysis of the sociological quantitative data (interviews using questionnaires) and qualitative research (indepth interviews). Adapted from the source document.
PDF
