La esporotricosis es una micosis subcutánea poco frecuente en la población pediátrica, que resulta de la inoculación y penetración del moho del complejo Sporothrix schenckii a través de pequeñas ...heridas en la piel al entrar en contacto con la tierra, follaje, madera, paja o residuos vegetales contaminados y, algunas veces, por rasguños o mordeduras de animales. Según la cantidad del inóculo y el estado de inmunidad del huésped, se clasifica en esporotricosis tegumentaria fija, cutáneo-linfangítica, diseminada (cutánea y sistémica) y extracutánea (ósea, articular, otros órganos). El diagnóstico de la enfermedad se fundamenta en el aspecto morfológico de sus lesiones, apoyado en el examen directo y el cultivo, el estudio histopatológico o la prueba de intradermorreacción con polisacáridos purificados obtenidos de la fase de micelio del hongo (prueba de González-Ochoa). El tratamiento de elección es el yoduro de potasio por vía oral a razón de 1 a 3g repartidos en tres dosis; son también de utilidad los imidazoles sistémicos y la terbinafina durante tres a cinco meses. Se presentan dos casos infantiles, enfatizando el reconocimiento clínico de las lesiones tegumentarias y las opciones terapéuticas disponibles.
Sporotrichosis is an uncommon subcutaneous disease in children. It is a fungal infection produced by Sporothrix schenckii mold, and it is generally associated with small skin injuries that become exposed to contaminated soil, hay, wood or vegetation, or sometimes by scratches or bites made by infected animals. According to the quantity of the inoculum and the host's immunity, it is classified in fixed cutaneous form, lymphocutaneous presentation, disseminated (cutaneous and systemic) and extracutaneous form (osteoarticular, other organs). Diagnosis is based on the morphological characteristics of the skin lesions, supported by KOH examination and culture, histopathology analysis and sporotrichin skin test. When possible, the gold standard treatment for this mycosis is potassium iodine, 1–3g in three doses; oral imidazol and terbinafine are also very effective. We present two cases of infected children, emphasizing its typical clinical course and presentation, as well as different therapeutic options available.
This exploratory study aims to understand how learning policies and digital learning measures implemented in Honduras during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted access to education, quality of education, ...and socio-economic gaps. The study involved semi-structured interviews providing a valuable window into the perspectives of individuals across different educational strata in the country. First, the report outlines demographics in Honduras and actions at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic while considering preexisting socio-educational and socio-economic conditions of the country. Next, the study explores accessibility to education opportunities during the pandemic, quality of education opportunities for students of various socio-economic status, and possible concerns for society emerging from a limited access to quality education. Findings indicate that the socio-economic gap is fueling inequalities in access and quality to education opportunities more than in the past with potential negative effects in society at large.
Background
The SARS CoV-2 / COVID 19 pandemic has challenged the world's health systems, especially services that treat cancer. The first studies in China showed that cancer patients had a higher ...risk of becoming infected and dying. Other risk factors for mortality were age over 65 years, male sex, the presence of comorbidity, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. Data on the specific behavior of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) in the pandemic are scarce. The mechanisms by which MM patients may have a higher mortality are multiple, derived both from the disease itself due to cellular and humoral immunity deficiency as well as from anti-myeloma treatment. The present study aims to establish the behavior of the disease in the pandemic period in Latin America.
Methods
This is a retrospective case series of in and outpatients with a diagnosis of MM and COVID-19 reported from centers from Latin America between March and July 31, 2020. The analysis of demographic, clinical, laboratory, complications and therapy variables were done using descriptive statistics. A Kaplan Meier survival analysis was performed, with Log Rank statistic. Finally, a Cox regression was performed to identify independent risk factors of worse outcome. Pre-admission characteristics, MM status, and comorbidities constituted the reference model and were used to adjust the association of relevant MM characteristics with mortality. Program used for analysis was SPSS statistics 25.
Results
Fifty-two patients with COVID-19 and MM from 7 countries were included. Demographic characteristics, comorbidities, infection baseline clinical conditions, treatment, and outcomes are shown in Table 1. The characteristics in terms of MM status are shown in Table 2.
When performing the survival analysis, it is evidenced that the survival of the entire cohort at day 49 was 67% Figure 1. When we focus on patients with comorbidities, survival drops to 53.5% +/- 10.6 (CI 95% 53.4 - 99.4 and p value of 0.041) for the same day Figure 2. When performing the obesity analysis, a drop in survival of up to 39% was observed (95% CI 24.448 - 56.76, with p = 0.00001) Figure 3. Adjusted HR for obesity is 5,078 (95% CI 1,389-18,558, α0.014) and mechanical ventilation with a HR of 3,943 (95% CI - 1,296 - 11,998, α0.016)
When comparing patients with controlled MM (> PR) versus uncontrolled, the mortality rate was 84% versus 58% respectively (p = 0.109). Comorbidities (presence of either diabetes, arterial hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or “others”), obesity, need of mechanical ventilation, and <VGPR at the time of infection were independent factors of lower survival Table 3.
Conclusions
Patients with MM and COVID-19 has an overall mortality of approximately 30% and this is strongly influenced by the presence of comorbidities, uncontrolled disease and need of mechanical ventilation. Survival of patients without comorbidities and controlled disease is good, suggesting that this group of patients would not require modification of MM therapy. The main limitations of our study are its retrospective nature and the low number of patients. It must be highlighted that at the time of the analysis most of Latin American countries were still in the peak of the pandemic. Prospective studies are required to elucidate the behavior of these risk factors in mortality, to optimize the management of patients with MM in this period of the SARS CoV-2 / COVID-19 pandemic.
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Peña:BindingSite: Research Funding; Janssen: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Sandoz: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Speakers Bureau. Abello:Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; Dr. Reddy’s: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy, Research Funding. Idrobo:Abbvie: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Tecnofarma: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Rojas:Novartis: Consultancy; Roche: Honoraria; Sandoz: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria. Remaggi:Takeda: Honoraria; Raffo Argentina: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Gador Argentina: Research Funding; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding. Alvarado:Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Alexion: Speakers Bureau; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Speakers Bureau. De la Peña-Celaya:Amgen: Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Speakers Bureau; Novartis: Speakers Bureau. Perez:Novartis: Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Speakers Bureau.
The prevention of violence is today a task of all that is assumed as an intentional education process given the manifestations of these behaviors that affect families, school groups and ...teenagers-young people in our educational institutions.
The studies carried out in the communities, in the school institutions and the work of orientation to the adolescents-young people, have allowed us to deepen in the manifestations, the causes of the violent behaviors and to look for solutions through different educational methods that conform the methodology that We propose, where the analysis and reflections of the group and individual and the experiential method are integrated. In this process of theoretical-practical integration, we base our work where concepts are argued and defined, then the experience of research with adolescents – Young university students in the prevention of violence is summarized to favor physical-psychic-social health in a process of harmonious learning growth this research that recreates theoretical growth from practice places greater emphasis on analysis.
La prevención de la violencia es hoy una tarea de todos que se asume como un proceso de educación intencionado dadas las manifestaciones de estas conductas que afectan a las familias, los grupos de escolares y a los adolescentes–jóvenes en nuestras instituciones educativas.
Los estudios realizados en las comunidades, en las instituciones escolares y el trabajo de orientación a los adolescentes- jóvenes, nos han permitido profundizar en las manifestaciones, las causas de las conductas violentas y buscar soluciones a través de diferentes métodos educativos que conforman la metodología que proponemos, donde se integran el análisis y reflexiones del grupo e individual y el método vivencial. En este proceso de integración teórico–práctica, fundamentamos nuestro trabajo donde se argumenta y definen conceptos, luego se resume la experiencia de la investigación con adolescentes–Jóvenes universitarios en la prevención de la violencia para favorecer la salud física-psíquico–social en un proceso de crecimiento armónico de aprendizaje esta investigación que recrea el crecimiento teórico desde la práctica hace mayor énfasis en los análisis.
La esporotricosis es una micosis subcutánea poco frecuente en la población pediátrica, que resulta de la inoculación y penetración del moho del complejo Sporothrix schenckii a través de pequeñas ...heridas en la piel al entrar en contacto con la tierra, follaje, madera, paja o residuos vegetales contaminados y, algunas veces, por rasguños o mordeduras de animales. Según la cantidad del inóculo y el estado de inmunidad del huésped, se clasifica en esporotricosis tegumentaria fija, cutáneo-linfangítica, diseminada (cutánea y sistémica) y extracutánea (ósea, articular, otros órganos). El diagnóstico de la enfermedad se fundamenta en el aspecto morfológico de sus lesiones, apoyado en el examen directo y el cultivo, el estudio histopatológico o la prueba de intradermorreacción con polisacáridos purificados obtenidos de la fase de micelio del hongo (prueba de González- Ochoa). El tratamiento de elección es el yoduro de potasio por vía oral a razón de 1 a 3 g repartidos en tres dosis; son también de utilidad los imidazoles sistémicos y la terbinafina durante tres a cinco meses. Se presentan dos casos infantiles, enfatizando el reconocimiento clínico de las lesiones tegumentarias y las opciones terapéuticas disponibles.Sporotrichosis is an uncommon subcutaneous disease in children. It is a fungal infection produced by Sporothrix schenckii mold, and it is generally associated with small skin injuries that become exposed to contaminated soil, hay, wood or vegetation, or sometimes by scratches or bites made by infected animals. According to the quantity of the inoculum and the host´s immunity, it is classified in fixed cutaneous form, lymphocutaneous presentation, disseminated (cutaneous and systemic) and extracutaneous form (osteoarticular, other organs). Diagnosis is based on the morphological characteristics of the skin lesions, supported by KOH examination and culture, histopathology analysis and sporotrichin skin test. When possible, the gold standard treatment for this mycosis is potassium iodine, 1-3 g in three doses; oral imidazol and terbinafine are also very effective. We present two cases of infected children, emphasizing its typical clinical course and presentation, as well as different therapeutic options available.
The research responds to the research line: Gender Roles of the Women, Gender and Local Development Project, which takes place at the University of Las Tunas, Cuba. To achieve that men and women ...become true companions in life, able to substitute the bonds of subordination and share the social rights of collaboration and equity, to promote deeply human values, beyond the gender differences inherited from generation to generation , cultivate personality qualities that allow girls and women to build their self-esteem to develop in different educational spaces. The approach of gender and self-esteem is based on the women of the popular council 3 of Las Tunas Municipality, in articulation of orientation actions according to the needs expressed by the participants in the community workshops, in this sense a social and social perspective is offered. psychological to self-esteem with a gender approach. Workshops are proposed to develop self-esteem in women. Methods of participation in the workshops were used, such as: analysis and reflection of experiences, situations, conflict resolution, individual conversation, educational workshops. Group interviews
La investigación responde a la línea investigativa: Roles de Género del Proyecto Mujer, Género y Desarrollo Local, que se desarrolla en la Universidad de Las Tunas, Cuba. Lograr que el hombre y la mujer se conviertan en verdaderos compañeros en la vida, capaces de sustituir los vínculos de subordinación y compartir los derechos sociales de colaboración y equidad, potenciar valores profundamente humanos, más allá de las diferencias de género heredas de generación en generación, cultivar las cualidades de la personalidad que permitan a las niñas y las mujer formar su autoestima para desarrollarse en los diferentes espacios educativos. Se fundamenta el enfoque de género y la autoestima en la mujer del consejo popular 3 del Municipio Las Tunas, en articulación de acciones de orientación según las necesidades que se expresan por las participantes en los talleres comunitarios, en ese sentido se ofrece una mirada social y psicológica a la autoestima con enfoque de género. Se proponen talleres para elevar la autoestima en la mujer. Se utilizaron métodos de participación en los talleres, como: análisis y reflexión de vivencias, de situaciones, solución de conflictos, conversación individual, talleres de educativos. Entrevistas grupales.
The work points to a theme once the preparation was referred of the family in terms of increasing the power of the development of the self-esteem in the formation of the personality of its first ...class children, They offer theoretic foundations related with the development of the self-esteem in general sense and from the family context like the more important task that parentless have in my whole life it is his children's education and junior the ones that in turn will be his descendants 's educators, highlighting the paper of the family like mediator between the corporate structure and place mat, indispensable clause the self-esteem like sentiment toward oneself that you determine the approval or rejection that a person feels toward his characteristic attributes and personal abilities.
El trabajo apunta hacia un tema referido a la preparación de la familia en función de potenciar el desarrollo de la autoestima en la formación de la personalidad de sus hijos/as. Se ofrecen fundamentos teóricos relacionados con el desarrollo de la autoestima en sentido general y desde el contexto familiar como la tarea más importante que tienen en la vida los padres y madres es la educación de sus hijos e hijas los que a su vez serán los educadores de sus descendientes, destacando el papel de la familia como mediadora entre la estructura social e individual, resultando indispensable la autoestima como sentimiento hacia uno mismo que determina la aceptación o rechazo que una persona siente hacia sus cualidades características y habilidades personales.
Yeast derived recombinant HBsAg is lyophilized as a preservation method
for long term storage. Three different lyophilization cycles were
assayed. The freezing temperature was -50 °C, the rate of ice
...sublimation was 10 °C/h and also sublimation at 10 °C and 20
°C was tested with temperature for desorption of residual water of
25 °C and 30 °C respectively. Additives like dextran,
maltose, sucrose, magnesium chloride and trehalose were studied in the
lyophilization and for all of them, the HBsAg activity recovery after
lyophilization was about 100%. Residual humidity of lyophilized samples
was of 2% in all the cases. The structure of assembled particles of
HBsAg was not affected by lyophilization pr Cess using sucrose and
maltose as additives.
En el marco normativo de la Ley de Justicia y Paz, como escenario coyuntural para que las víctimas del conflicto hagan efectivos sus derechos a la Verdad, la Justicia y la reparación, surge una ...imperiosa necesidad de generar mecanismos y dinámicas que propicien el acercamiento de las personas afectadas a las instancias judiciales.La ruta jurídica propuesta en la ley 975 para que las víctimas accedan a la reparación integral, solo será posible de recorrer en la medida en que las instituciones comprometidas con el proceso judicial y de reparación diseñen herramientas para acopiar la información proveniente de las mismas víctimas.
Un equipo interinstitucional conformado por el Instituto Popular de Capacitación (IPC), la Personería de Medellín, el grupo de investigación GIDPAD de la Unidad de Formación Humana y Bioética de la Universidad de San Buenaventura, y la Fundación Forjando Futuros, que además contó con el apoyo de CNRR y CHF, tomó la iniciativa de fortalecer el proyecto de atención y orientación a víctimas a través de un proceso investigativo académico, que además de permitir la recopilación de datos en cada jornada de atención a víctimas en Medellín durante el 2009, aplicara un método para su respectiva sistematización, análisis y georeferenciación, así como la construcción y delimitación de un contexto de ciclos o péndulos reiterados de violencia armada en Medellín, que dieran cuenta del antes y después del proceso de desmovilización durante la implementación de la ley de justicia y paz, también como un esbozo de la situación actual en la aplicación de justicia como producto del cumplimiento de la ley de justicia y paz en Medellín, este estudio permitiría entonces, dar luces en la comprensión de este drama que enfrenta la víctima en Medellín y ser un aporte que podría orientar la toma de decisiones en torno a esta realidad por parte de las instituciones estatales y organismos internacionales, nacionales y las mismas organizaciones de víctimas.
Beneficial soil microbes can promote plant growth and induce systemic resistance (ISR) in aboveground tissues against pathogens and herbivorous insects. Despite the increasing interest in ...microbial-ISR against herbivores, the underlying molecular and chemical mechanisms of this phenomenon remain elusive. Using
Arabidopsis thaliana
and the rhizobacterium
Pseudomonas simiae
WCS417r (formerly known as
P. fluorescens
WCS417r), we here evaluate the role of the JA-regulated MYC2-branch and the JA/ET-regulated ORA59-branch in modulating rhizobacteria-ISR to
Mamestra brassicae
by combining gene transcriptional, phytochemical, and herbivore performance assays. Our data show a consistent negative effect of rhizobacteria-mediated ISR on the performance of
M. brassicae.
Functional JA- and ET-signaling pathways are required for this effect, as shown by investigating the knock-out mutants
dde2-2
and
ein2-1
. Additionally, whereas herbivory mainly induces the MYC2-branch, rhizobacterial colonization alone or in combination with herbivore infestation induces the ORA59-branch of the JA signaling pathway. Rhizobacterial colonization enhances the synthesis of camalexin and aliphatic glucosinolates (GLS) compared to the control, while it suppresses the herbivore-induced levels of indole GLS. These changes are associated with modulation of the JA-/ET-signaling pathways. Our data show that the colonization of plant roots by rhizobacteria modulates plant-insect interactions by prioritizing the JA/ET-regulated ORA59-branch over the JA-regulated MYC2-branch. This study elucidates how microbial plant symbionts can modulate the plant immune system to mount an effective defense response against herbivorous plant attackers.
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