The article describes Maxim Gorky’s role in the creation of “The Poet’s Library” series. The writer was the organizer and inspirational figure behind the project, but his attitude towards it changed ...from 1931 to 1936. Various creative, scientific, organizational and political factors influenced the development of the series. Gorky’s personal relationships with the following Leningrad writers — Konstantin Fedin, Ilya Gruzdev, Vissarion Sayanov, Mikhail Slonimsky and Yury Tynyanov — significantly influenced the destiny of the series. In a similar way, Gorky’s relationship with Lev Kamenev, the director of the Academia publishing house, also influenced the series development. Gorky expounded the initial concept of the series in his article “On the Poet’s Library,” which differed significantly from the books of the series published by the Publishing House of Leningrad Writers. In 1934, this created a conflict with the editorial office, which put into question the existence of the series. The innovative approach to the preparation of literary texts and historical and cultural commentary allowed “The Poet’s Library” series to be published throughout the period of over 90 years. The books of the series became the exemplar of mass-scientific publication, and its editorial office became the school of Soviet textual criticism. The article is based on the huge corpus of research on this topic from the 20th and 21st centuries. Furthermore, the article uses materials from the correspondence between Gorky and staff of the publishing house, the Maxim Gorky Archives in Moscow, the Russian State Archive of Literature and Art (RGALI) and the Central State Archive of Literature and Art of St. Petersburg (TsGALI).
The dynamic development of modern cities requires new solutions to urban planning and management by local regional authorities. The paper focuses on ecological indicators based on Earth Remote ...Sensing Data (ERSD) of the snow cover with the purpose to evaluate the city and to plan ecological environment protection strategy. The paper deals with the method of using space images to assess the snow cover pollution of Chelyabinsk, a large Russian industrial city. The assessment of the snow cover of Chelyabinsk was carried out by comparing the heavy metals concentrations with the Landsat 8 data. The spectral indices were calculated for fourteen sites evenly distributed over the urban area of four types: courtyards, car parks, industrial zones and roads. We found a statistically significant difference between the Swirl/Green index and the site type and a correlation with the concentrations of dissolved and suspended forms of heavy metals in snow cover. Snow cover indices can be used as ecological indicators of urban environment.
The article overviews and analyzes the adaptations of M. Gorky’s drama The Lower Depths in the world cinema. It describes the history of the writer’s attempts to adapt his drama for the cinema in the ...1920s, and also analyzes the artistic features of M. Gorky’s cinema script On the Way to the Depths and the use of the motives of this scenario in subsequent cinema experiments. Screen versions of The Lower Depths appeared in Russia and in the Soviet Union, in Germany, France, Hungary, Japan, and China from the beginning of the twentieth century to the 2000s. The article describes films by A.O. Drankov, P.I. Chardynin, A. Deeshi, M. Murata, J. Renoir, H. Zuolin, A. Kurosawa, Y.Y. Karasik, and V.K. Cott. Appeal to films which are different in their artistic task and aesthetic implementation allows us to identify universal components of the drama, and to see how the transformation of the plot, problems, motive structure of the drama in the interpretation of directors from different countries and eras took place. The article traces how the author’s film adaptation can help expand and deepen the meanings of a literary work for readers and spectators of other generations and cultures. The appendix contains the most complete filmography of the adaptations of M. Gorky’s the drama The Lower Depths.
The paper deals with the history of the relationship between the bright representative of the Silver Age, the writer A. S. Voznesensky and M. Gorky. The investigation is based on new archival ...materials from A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Science. The life trajectories of Gorky and Voznesensky often went in parallel, since they were people of similar beliefs and the same social circle. We know about only one their meeting, which happened in Moscow in 1902, but their connection was carried out through letters and mutual acquaintances. Five letters of Voznesensky, stored in the archives of the Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, cover the period from 1910 to 1936. In his letters, Voznesensky talks about himself, about the difficult situation of Soviet writers and the tragic fate of the writer Andrei Sobol. Gorky, in a letter dated as of 1910, gives an assessment of the previously unknown play by A.S. Voznesensky. These materials are shedding light on some facts of M. Gorky’s biography and allow for the fuller covering of the life and creative path of A.S. Voznesensky and for a deeper understanding of the literary process of the first third of the twentieth century in general.
Autobiography Anastasia Plotnikova
In the Shadow of Revolution,
06/2018
Book Chapter
I was born in 1893 in the village of Ponizovie, Leontievskaia township, Ustiuzhensky District, Novgorod Province.
My father was a worker from the time he was twelve. My mother was a hired laborer. We ...were landless. My father shared a hut with his brother. Sometimes he would have a cow. As far back as I can remember, my father worked as a carpenter. For about twelve years he worked as a stevedore in Rybinsk.
In 1911 or 1910 he worked in Leningrad as a carpenter and joiner: at the former Ganskevich lumber yard in Staraia Derevnia, in the Botkin barracks,
The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder is estimated to be about 2%. Epigenetics defines regulatory mechanisms that determine relatively stable patterns of gene expression by controlling all key ...steps, from DNA to messenger RNA to protein. This Mini Review highlights recent discoveries of modified epigenetic control resulting from genetic variants associated with bipolar disorder in genome-wide association studies. The revealed epigenetic abnormalities implicate gene transcription and post-transcriptional regulation. In the light of these discoveries, the Mini Review focuses on the genes
, and
and their potential biological role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder. Molecular mechanisms under control of these genes do not translate into a unified picture and substantially more research is needed to fill the gaps in knowledge and to solve current limitations in prognosis and treatment of bipolar disorder. In conclusion, the genetic and functional studies confirm the complex nature of bipolar disorder and indicate future research directions to explore possible targeted treatment options, eventually working toward a personalized approach.
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