Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease that affects the colon and rectum. Recently, evidence has emerged about the influence of microbiota on the development of this disease. However, ...studies on the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of UC have been incomplete. In addition, there are no comprehensive studies of the causes of ulcerative colitis and data on the microbiological composition of the intestines of patients with ulcerative colitis in Russia. We carried out a study of the microbiological composition of the intestines of patients with ulcerative colitis and healthy individuals. We found significant changes in the bacteria genera and species in patients with UC compared with the control group using sequencing on the IonTorrent PGM system and subsequent data analysis. In our study we observed a significant increase of the genus Haemophilus, Olsenella, Prevotella, Cedecea, Peptostreptococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Negativibacillus, Butyrivibrio, and the species Bacteroides coprocola, Phascolarctobacterium succinatutens, Dialister succinatiphilus, Sutterella wadsworthensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in patients with ulcerative colitis. In addition, in patients with ulcerative colitis there was a significant decrease in the genus Fusicatenibacter, Butyricimonas, Lactococcus, Eisenbergiella, Coprobacter, Cutibacterium, Falsochrobactrum, Brevundimonas, Yersinia, Leuconostoc and in the species Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans. We found confirmation of our data with literary sources and studies of UC. In addition, we discovered a few taxa such as Negativibacillus spp. and Falsochrobactrum spp. that have not been previously found in human stool samples. Our data confirm that more research is needed to understand the role of microbiome changes in the development of UC in different people populations.
Intestinal microbiota, ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, sequencing, Russian population.
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bstract
In this paper, we propose a new method for obtaining a Born cross section using visible cross section data. It is assumed that the initial state radiation is taken into account in a visible ...cross section, while in a Born cross section this effect is ommited. Since the equation that connects Born and visible cross sections is an integral equation of the first kind, the problem of finding its numerical solution is ill-posed. Various regularization-based approaches are often used to solve ill-posed problems, since direct methods usually do not lead to an acceptable result. However, in this paper it is shown that a direct method can be successfully used to numerically solve the considered equation under the condition of a small beam energy spread and uncertainty. This naive method is based on finding a numerical solution to the integral equation by reducing it to a system of linear equations. The naive method works well because the kernel of the integral operator is a rapidly decreasing function of the variable
x
. This property of the kernel leads to the fact that the condition number of the matrix of the system of linear equations is of the order of unity, which makes it possible to neglect the ill-posedness of the problem when the above condition is satisfied. The advantages of the naive method are its model independence and the possibility of obtaining the covariance matrix of a Born cross section in a simple way.
It should be noted that there are already a number of methods for obtaining a Born cross section using visible cross section data, which are commonly used in
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experiments. However, at least some of these methods have various disadvantages, such as model dependence and relative complexity of obtaining a Born cross section covariance matrix. It should be noted that this paper focuses on the naive method, while conventional methods are hardly covered. The paper also discusses solving the problem using the Tikhonov regularization, so that the reader can better understand the difference between regularized and non-regularized solutions. However, it should be noted that, in contrast to the naive method, regularization methods can hardly be used for precise obtaining of a Born cross section. The reason is that the regularized solution is biased and the covariance matrix of this solution do not represent the correct covariance matrix of a Born cross section.
•We showed how the magnetic field of non-uniform waveguide influences for 3D crystals.•Explored conditions for forward and backward spin waves existence in meander profile.•Comparison dispersion ...patterns for surface and bulk modes in 3D magnonic crystal.
We present three-dimensional (3D) model of periodic meander-shaped ferromagnetic films. Spin wave propagation in such films and vertically coupled structures was studied using micromagnetic modeling and theoretical plane wave method. Spin waves in these structures essentially propagate in film’s segments located at right angles with respect to each other. This makes really possible for the wave to propagate in three dimensions. We calculated internal effective magnetic fields and obtained spin wave dispersion in single and vertically coupled structures. Additionally, comparison of surface and volume spin waves propagation in such meander films was provided. Our results can be useful for magnonic logic elements development.
A process of searching on the sphere for the best (in a sense) cubature formulas that are invariant under the transformations of the icosahedral rotation group is described. The parameters of the ...best cubature formulas of this symmetry type up to the 30th order of accuracy are given to 16 significant digits. A table which contains the main characteristics of all the best to date cubature formulas of the icosahedral rotation group up to the 79th order of accuracy is given.
Herein we report the study of the influence of synthesis conditions during the microwave-hydrothermal crystallization of freshly precipitated gels on the phase composition and morphology of the ...rare-earth doped yttrium orthophosphates nanoparticles. We characterize the nanoparticles of YPO sub(4) and YPO sub(4) times 0.8H sub(2)O using X-ray diffraction analysis, TEM, and FT-IR spectroscopy. Furthermore, we argue that for the given phase the degree of crystallinity and thus the sample morphology depend strongly on the synthesis conditions. We establish that the hexagonal hydrate phase can be obtained by means of microwave-hydrothermal method if one uses phosphate anion excess or adjusts pH of the reaction mixture. Also we show that the metastable hydrate phase is most likely stabilized by hydroxyl groups at elevated temperatures.
•Heat transfer enhancement by inclined trenches in the micro-channel is considered.•Significant laminar separation flow augmentation in the oval trench is obtained.•Maximum secondary flow velocity ...reaches a value of 0.72 of bulk velocity.•Mechanism of flow and heat transfer enhancement by inclined trenches is discovered.•The thermal performance of the dimpled portion has a value of 1.8.•The inclined trench depth optimal in Thermal Heat Performance is equal to 0.25.
Enhancement of heat transfer in laminar air flow in narrow channels, whose walls are provided with regularly spaced single-row inclined oval-trench dimples, is associated with designing mini- and micro-channels of microelectronics cooling devices, compact miniature heat exchangers, air capacitors, radiators. Vortex heat transfer is considered using the computational domain of the narrow micro-channel of dimensionless height 1, width 6 and length 4 at periodic boundary conditions. An oval-trench dimple of dimensionless width 1 and length 4.5 is located in the center of the heated wall at an angle of 45° to incoming flow. To solve the Navier–Stokes equations and the energy equation, multiblock computational technique realized in the VP2/3 code on overlapping grids of different topology and with a different density of computational cells has found use. The Reynolds number is equal to 103. The dimple depth Δ is varied from 0 to 0.375. Dimples are classified: shallow dimples and dimples of moderate and large depth. As Δ is increased, substantial laminar separated flow augmentation on the entrance portion of the inclined dimple is revealed and explained. Maximum absolute value of relative friction at Δ = 0.375 is twice increased in comparison to this quantity at Δ = 0.1125–0.25. A maximum absolute value of the secondary flow velocity in the dimple reaches 0.72 of bulk velocity. In the case of single-row inclined oval-trench dimples with a depth of more than 0.25, in the narrow channel the phenomenon of laminar flow acceleration with a 1.5-fold growth of a maximum core velocity is discovered. It is established that a reason for laminar separated and secondary flow augmentation in the inclined oval-trench dimple lies in a sharp static pressure drop (maximum pressure value is 0.34 and minimum pressure value is −0.14 at Δ = 0.3125) at a very small distance between the centers of high and low pressure zones on the entrance portion of the dimple. By increasing Δ, local relative heat loads on the entrance portion of the dimple on the windward side grow and reach values of 16–17. Maximum thermal performance determined by relative total Nusselt numbers averaged over a streamlined wall section with an inclined dimple is 1.8 at Δ = 0.3125; maximum thermal-hydraulic performance is 1.3 at Δ = 0.25.
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