This research focuses on spatial planning as an instrument for achieving sustainable development of Montenegro. The research is conducted in the light of new international perspectives, i.e. newer ...international documents in the field of spatial planning, as global sources of normative principles, and this is the prism through which the planning systems should be viewed. Montenegro is a developing country facing the challenge of urbanization and the challenge of aligning its planning system with new trends in this area. This research explores the planning system of Montenegro with the aim of achieving sustainable spatial development by applying a new planning system approach that leads to sustainable urban and territorial development. The results of the research suggest that sustainable urban and territorial development can be achieved in the case of Montenegro through planning compact and connected cities and regions, but also through a planning system that needs to be more synchronized with decentralization.
•The concept of sustainable spatial development directs us to decentralization and the strengthening of local self-government.•The concept of integrated development directs us to the development of vertical communication.•The aim of the paper is to analyse the possibilities for achieving a more spatial and balanced development.
The role of the archeological and cultural heritage sites in the process of urban regeneration in UNESCO’s protected areas becomes more and more important for the natural and cultural heritage ...protection in the touristic cities with urban expansion. However, there is no clear methodological approach for the inclusion of these important natural and cultural heritage sites in the process of urban regeneration of the cities. The purpose of this study is to analyze how two contemporary urban planning tools, sustainable urban mobility plans and heritage impact assessments, contribute to the protection and sustainable use of archeological sites. The methodology that is used in this study is dual, theoretical, through literature review, and empirical, through the appliance of the case study method and expert observation and mapping of the most valuable archeological sites in Boka Bay. The results of this study show that practical usage of the two proposed tools in the process of urban regeneration could help in cultural and natural heritage protection and their inclusion as drivers of sustainable urban planning and cultural heritage management. The results of the study confirm the authors’ hypothesis that the role of the archeological sites in the process of urban regeneration is evident in the touristic cities in the coastal area of Montenegro, concluding that urban mobility principles and heritage impact assessment studies must be considered in the process of urban regeneration while at the same time cultural (archeological) heritage management is an integral part of this process.
This paper presents the analysis of simply supported rectangular laminated composite plates loaded perpendicularly to the middle plane using a new computational method based on Reddy’s layerwise ...theory. The stress–strain analysis was based on the analytical solution of equations of the layerwise theory, where the plates with an antisymmetric layer arrangement were analysed. Each of the layers contains continuous fibres oriented in one of two mutually orthogonal directions. The results obtained by applying above-mentioned computational procedure have been compared with the results obtained using three different models of finite elements of the ANSYS software package. The quantified limits of the computational method in terms of the impact of plate thickness, the number of layers and the aspect ratio of the plate on the accuracy, convergence and stability of primary variables—components of displacement, and secondary variables—components of stress, have been analysed in the paper.
This paper presents a new computational method for stress-strain analysis of simply supported rectangular cross-ply laminated composite plates subjected to transverse loads which was applied in the ...authors FORTRAN program code. The algorithm of the program is based on the layerwise theory of Reddy. Equations obtained by applying the principle of virtual displacements were solved in a closed form using double trigonometric series. Convergence control and numerical stability of the program's outputs: displacements and stresses, with appropriate comments, are discussed. Comparison and verification of the presented computational method was carried out in relation to the results given in the available literature. Also, a comparison with the values calculated using the ANSYS program which is based on finite element method was performed. The paper presents and provides comments on edge dimensionless displacements and v¯ of a laminated plate. For the adopted simply supported rectangular four-layer plate with antisymmetric layer an analysis of dimensionless deflection change in the middle of the plate and displacemen u¯ on the edge of the plate was performed, as well as the analysis of the ratio between the maximum values σxy/σyy and σyz/σyy due to the change of the aspect ratio a/b, the side-to-thickness ratio b/h and elastic modulus ratio E1/E2. The results of the proposed computational model based on the layerwise theory are given in a tabular and graphical form.
The other villages like Yngehghalee, Bagherkhan3 will swallow the peri-city lands and the productive role of these villages will changed to services. ...sustainable development and preservation of ...lands surrounding the city should change sprawl urban pattern in Bojnurd city and replaced by a pattern of smart growth that forms the ideal city is a compact city that will search development at within the city. ...their land use which turns from agricultural and husbandry into residential use and secondly they merge with urban fabric that the main reason of this phase are comparative low life expenses especially the costs of land and house in these villages and emigrants' tendency toward these areas. First category includes some villages that are merged in somatic body of Bojnurd in its somatic expansion and Malkesh and Halghesang are the villages which are the cases of study in this research and were attached to city fabric in comprehensive plan of Bojnurd in 1388 and are a part of urban service now. If the settlements located in peri-city areas get led and correct plans get accomplished for protecting their agricultural and gardens landscapes there will be the opportunity for moving toward urban sustainable development and rural sustainable development and if we don't make correct decisions in these areas, they will find a residential approach in form of informal settlements and it will be a threat die sustainable development. ...in the first step we must recognize suburb villages as a part of an integrated system with metropolis that have constitutional impacts on system so then we must see them through collision location of city-village-nature in the form of a zonal planning and a combined rural and urban planning and management and regarding to this some recommendations are given as below:
The case study refers to the restoration of the Bishop Danilo's mausoleum at Eagle's Rock, in Cetinje Royal Capital of Montenegro. This is one of the most significant unmovable cultural heritage ...monuments in Cetinje's historic center. Presentation of the project for the restoration of the mausoleum and the process of construction works indicated the specificity and sensitivity of the restoration and conservation of cultural monuments that carry significant messages from the history of the people and are a part of collective memory. During the last three decades, the mausoleum was repaired twice. The first structural sanation was done in 1985, eliminating consequences of the earthquake of 1979, and the other one was done on the initiation of the Republic Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments in Cetinje, following an investigation of the existing state of the mausoleum's structure, which was conducted in 2004. This paper presents the character of defects that occurred over time and were found during the investigation of the structure of the object, the causes of defect occurrence, conservation requirements for the restoration, choice of the most rational solution in 2007, method for construction works on the object, as well as the review of the object after the completion of the restoration in 2011. Research results point out the complexity of the restoration of objects that have special cultural value, regardless of the dimensions and complexity of the architectural structure itself. Keywords: complexity; cultural monument; restoration; structural damage; specificity Studija slucaja se odnosi na restauraciju mauzoleja vladike Danila na Orlovom krsu, u crnogorskoj prijestonici Cetinje. Ovo je jedan od najznacajnijih spomenika nepokretne kulturne bastine u istorijskoj jezgri Cetinja. Kroz prikaz projekta restauracije mauzoleja i postupak izvodenja radova ukazano je na specificnost i osjetljivost restauracije i konzervacije spomenika kulture koji nose znacajne poruke iz povijesti naroda i dio su kolektivne memorije. U posljednje tri decenije mauzolej je dva puta restauriran. Prva strukturna sanacija je izvrsena 1985. gdje su otklonjene posljedice od potresa iz 1979., a druga na prijedlog Republickog zavoda za zastitu spomenika kulture na Cetinju nakon istrazivanja postojeceg stanja konstrukcije mauzoleja koja su provedena 2004. U radu je prikazan karakter ostecenja koja su zatecena prilikom istrazivanja konstrukcije objekta kroz vrijeme, uzroci njihovog pojavljivanja, zatim konzervatorski uvjeti za restauraciju, izbor najracionalnijeg rjesenja 2007., postupak izvodenja radova na objektu kao i prikaz objekta nakon zavrsetka restauracije 2011. Rezultati istrazivanja ukazali su na kompleksnost u restauraciji objekata posebnih kulturnih vrijednosti, bez obzira na dimenzije i slozenost same arhitektonske strukture. Kljucne rijeci: kompleksnost; restauracija; specificnost; spomenik kulture; strukturna ostecenja
...among the available soil erosion and sediment yield models, those which can predict both soil erosion and sediment yield can be more useful and more widely used. Because of the complexity of ...factors influencing sediment delivery ratio (SDR) as the ratio between soil erosion and sediment yield, it is very important to predict and use of this ratio correctly (Behzadfar et al., 2014; Khaledi Darvishan et al., 2012; Vujacic et al., 2017; Vujacic et al., 2015). Drainage density, G, was calculated as 1.55 km km-2 which corresponds to low density of the hydrographic network. Because of the location of the study area as a low slope inter basin in the middle of high slopes surrounded, the drainage density was not high. ...that the total peak flow of the river in the outlet of the study area can be calculated by adding 13.51 m3s-1 with other three peaks (58.34, 75.53 and 89.47 m3s-1). ...the total peak flow of 236.85 m3s-1 is expected to be seen at the outlet of the study area for a return period of 100 years. The total production of sediments, or total soil erosion occurred in the study area, Wyear, was predicted as 1624.361 m3 year-1 (8.06 ton ha-1 year-1); and the coefficient of the deposit retention, Ru, was 0.124 which indicated that about 12.4% of the eroded materials will reach to the river network of the studied subwatershed. ...the sediment yield, or real/net soil loss at sub-watershed outlet (Gyear) was predicted as 76.93 m3 km-2 year-1 (1.00 ton ha-1 year-1).
For centuries, the territory of Montenegro replaced the different cultures and nations, each of them has left at least some trace of its existence. In the area of Orja Luka, a village of central ...Montenegro, on the third kilometres from Danilovgrad, in plain called Bjelopavlici, the dominant influence was the Turkish government and we can say that it mostly guided the life of its inhabitants.
Looking more recently, the area of Orja Luka largely resists the construction fever. A reason for this may be, mostly, a financial moment that is clearly felt in the atmosphere during visiting the area, of this and every other rural area. Perhaps ironically, but from the standpoint of identity, authentication, protection this can be a positive thing in the whole story. Users of objects don’t have funds to arrange the area in which they live. The old buildings still dominate, but on their architecture signs of the times are visible. It is possible, little by little, as a result of modern urbanization ambient traditional architecture disappears. But all the forces we have to fight that the specificity of this architectural speech remains a powerful inspiration for future achievements based on the idea of preserving the local and regional urban planning and architecture.
Development of river waterfront is reflected on the natural resources of cities with particular characteristics and it is one of the most important factors that influence on the growth and image of ...cities. Guidelines presented in this study are based on the idea that human citizens of Podgorica and its visitors can experience the continuity of movement, poor motorized traffic along the river course Morača and Ribnica, as well as connecting parts of the city over them. This role of urban rivers have a significant impact on urbanization and modernization.
This paper presents a case study of the village of Mrkovi in the Bay of Kotor, Montenegro, showing the importance of landscape identification and assessment in planning the revitalization and ...development of Mediterranean rural settlements. The research revealed the methods of identification and evaluation of different landscape types. Moreover, it showed how such an approach could considerably contribute to the preservation of the space’s identity and quality by taking into account the existing characteristics of the space or the relationship between cultural and natural heritage. The identification of the landscape types was followed by the evaluation of individual elements and assessment of vulnerability in relation to the space’s natural, cultural, and visual quality. The first step in the process of preserving the elements that contribute to the landscape’s identity was the spatial identification of the cultural pattern of traditional terraces with drystone walls. The results of analysis indicate a high risk of degradation of the basic landscape value. The effects of future interventions in the space, especially the planned construction of a tourist resort, can be mitigated if they comply with the guidelines related to the rational use of the space and delimitation of the construction zones. This paper points out the importance of a responsible attitude and planned approach regarding the cultural and natural landscape of Mediterranean rural settlements.
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