Tržište ukrasnog bilja oskudijeva ponudom cvatućih vrsta tijekom kasno jesenskog i zimskog razdoblja, a potražnja raste u vrijeme božićnih blagdana. Uzgoj geofita otpornih na hladnoću koji su tijekom ...ljeta proveli prividno mirovanje i formirali cvjetne pupove za narednu sezonu relativno je jednostavan i pada u vrijeme kad zaštićeni prostori za sezonsku proizvodnju nisu iskorišteni do maksimuma svojih kapaciteta. Cilj ovog rada je objasniti životni ciklus geofita kod kojih do formiranja cvjetova dolazi tijekom ljeta, te postupke za dobivanje cvatućih lončanica za kasno jesensko i zimsko razdoblje kad na tržištu nedostaje takvih vrsta. Na primjeru zumbula i narcisa, kao vrsta koje su u većem broju zastupljene na europskom tržištu, a koje tijekom ljeta provode prividno mirovanje objašnjen je postupak predtretmana hladnoćom i uzgoj u zaštićenom prostoru za proizvodnju cvatućih lončanica kao i biljaka za rez.
The ornamental plant market is short on supply of flowering species during the late autumn and winter period, and demand increases during the Christmas holidays. Cultivation of cold-resistant geophytes that spent the summer dormant and formed flower buds for the next season is relatively simple and falls at a time when protected areas for seasonal production are not used to their maximum capacity. The aim of this paper is to explain the life cycle of geophytes that form flowers during the summer, and the procedures for obtaining flowering potted plants for the late autumn and winter period when there is a lack of such species on the market. Using the example of hyacinths and daffodils, as species that are represented in greater numbers on the European market, and which spend an apparent rest during the summer, the procedure of pre-treatment with cold and cultivation in a protected area for the production of flowering potted plants as well as plants for cutting is explained.
Krajem vegetacijske sezone cvate manji broj biljnih vrsta, a one koje cvatu uglavnom se koriste kao biljne vrste za uređivanje interijera. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati taksonomsku pripadnost i ...porijeklo ciklame, način uzgoja, mogućnosti primjene te mjere njege i održavanja. Rod Cyclamen pripada porodici Primulaceae. Komercijalno najvažnija vrsta je Cyclamen persicum Mill. koja potječe s krajnjeg istoka Mediterana. Uzgaja se iz sjemena, u polusjeni, pri temperaturama 18-20 °C i uz 50-70 % relativne vlage zraka. Potrebna je konstantna, ali umjerena razina hraniva koju treba prilagođavati razvoju biljke. Ciklami, premda se koristi kao sobna lončanica, više odgovara primjena u uvjetima nižih temperatura pa su idealne za primjenu na hladnim verandama i stubištima, ostakljenim ulaznim prostorima. Mogu se koristiti i kao cvjetna vrsta za rez. Kombinacijom različitih kultivara dulje i kraće vegetacije, nastoji se osigurati opskrba tržišta ciklamama od početka jeseni do kraja zime.
Cyclamen are mainly used as plant species for interior decoration. The aim of this work is to show the taxonomic affiliation and origin of cyclamen, its’ morphology, the method of cultivation, the possibilities of implementation so as care and maintenance. The genus Cyclamen belongs to the Primulaceae family. The most commercially important species is Cyclamen persicum Mill. which originates from the far east of the Mediterranean. It is grown from seed, in partial shade, at temperatures of 18-20 °C and with 50-70% relative humidity. A constant but moderate level of nutrients is needed, which should be adapted to the growth of the plant. Although cyclamen are used as indoor potted plants, they are more suitable for use in conditions of lower temperatures, so they are ideal for use on cold verandas and staircases, glazed entrance areas. They can also be used as a cut flower. By combining different cultivars with longer and shorter growing seasons, we try to supply the market with cyclamen from the beginning of autumn to the end of winter.
Green spaces are becoming increasingly important for cities due to the growing pressures of urbanization and climate change. Along with trees, shrubs, and lawns, flower beds are an important part of ...urban green spaces. The majority of flower beds in public spaces consist of annual and biennial flower species. Such seasonal flower beds feature eye-catching colors but require significant effort to maintain and manage. Compared to these conventional flower beds, those with herbaceous perennials are more ecologically effective and less costly to maintain, and therefore more sustainable. The aim of this research was to analyze flower beds with perennials in the public green spaces of the city of Zagreb and to develop a tool based on predefined criteria and indicators to evaluate the sustainability of flower beds. In the context of the research, sustainability meant appropriate selection of flower species based on environmental conditions (temperature, light, precipitation), species diversity, greater ground cover and extensiveness of maintenance. The research results showed that there were 327 flower beds with perennials planted in the ground. The constructed Flower Bed Sustainability Index (FBSI) showed that the majority of these perennial beds (56.3%) had a conventional character, as only 28.1% of the beds had a completely correct species selection. This result indicates that the use of perennials does not necessarily guarantee the sustainability of flower beds, since, as in the case of flower beds with seasonal flowers, it depends, among other things, on the correct selection of species adapted to local environmental conditions. The FBSI is shown to be a suitable tool for assessing the degree of sustainability of a flower bed and could be a useful tool in landscape design and management of such types of green spaces.
Vrste roda Helleborus se u ukrasnoj hortikulturi koriste kao vrtne biljke, lončanice za primjenu u vanjskom prostoru, kao vrste za uređenje interijera, a sve se više traže kao cvjetna vrsta za rez ...tijekom zime. Cilj ovog rada je opisati osnovne morfološke značajke i uvjete uzgoja vrsta roda Helleborus te dati pregled asortimana vrsta i kultivara kasnojesenske i zimske cvatnje. Pregledom literature utvrđeno je da Helleborus niger L., crni kukurijek, na tržištu postaje sve traženija ukrasna biljka, a prate ga i križanci između vrste H. orientalis i drugih vrsta ovoga roda (H. × hybridus). Iako tržišno slabo zastupljene u ukrasnoj hortikulturi se primjenjuju i druge vrste (H. viridis, H. foetidus, H. purpurascens, H. tibethanus, H. vesicarius te H. multifidus) te sve veći broj kultivara. Za cvatnju početkom zime, posebno u vrijeme Božića, najpoznatija je vrsta Helleborus niger L., a sve se više komercijaliziraju i međuvrsni križanci. Pri tome osobit značaj imaju križanci između vrsta H. niger, H. argutifolius Viv. i H. lividus Aiton. Razmnožavanje je moguće sjemenom, dijeljenjem te kulturom tkiva. Uzgaja se u uzgojnim posudama 12- 14 cm promjera u koje se sadi od 50. do 18. tjedna. Potreban mu je supstrat pH od 5,8 do 6,0, ne podnosi visoku razinu soli u tlu, a za prodaju početkom zime uzgaja se u zaštićenim prostorima od sredine listopada. Osjetljiv je na visoku vlagu, koja uz visoke temperature potencira pojavu bolesti (Fusarium, Pythium i Phytophtora).
Species of the genus Helleborus are used in ornamental horticulture as garden plants, potted plants for outdoor use, as species for interior decoration, and are increasingly sought after as a cut flower species for winter. The aim of this paper is to describe the basic morphological characteristics and growing conditions of Helleborus species and to provide an overview of the range of species and cultivars of late autumn and winter flowering. A review of the literature revealed that Helleborus niger L., Christmas Rose, is becoming an increasingly sought-after ornamental plant on the market, followed by hybrids between H. orientalis and other species of this genus (H. × hybridus). Although poorly represented in ornamental horticulture, other species (H. viridis, H. foetidus, H. purpurascens, H. tibethanus, H. vesicarius and H. multifidus) and an increasing number of cultivars are also used. Helleborus niger L. is the best known species for flowering at the beginning of winter, especially at Christmas time, and interspecific hybrids are also becoming more and more commercialized. Of particular importance are the crosses between the species H. niger L., H. argutifolius Viv. and H. lividus Aiton. Propagation is possible by seed, division and tissue culture. It is grown in pots 12-14 cm in diameter in which it is planted from 50th to 18th weeks. It needs a substrate pH of 5.8 to 6.0, does not tolerate high levels of salt in the soil, and for sale in early winter is grown in green houses from mid-October. It is sensitive to high humidity, which with high temperatures potentiates the appearance of diseases (Fusarium, Pythium and Phytophtora).
The composition of the essential oil depends on the duration and conditions under which the distillation of the plant material is carried out. In this study, one sample without fractionation and ...eight fractions (each after 15 min of steam distillation) of the essential oil of cultivated H. italicum were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The steam conditions for all samples were as follows: flow rate 800 L/h, temperature 104 °C, and pressure 0.4 bar. The test of the antimicrobial activity was performed with the modified Kirby–Bauer method (disc diffusion method) on non-selective nutrient media (blood agar) using the reference bacterial and fungal strains. A total of 75 different components were found in the essential oil samples obtained. A shorter distillation time makes the oil richer in monoterpenes and more suitable for the perfume and cosmetics industry. On the other hand, prolonged distillation leads to the essential oil being enriched with sesquiterpene oxides, which can have a negative effect on the fragrance of the essential oil. The essential oil of H. italicum showed antimicrobial activity only against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and the best activity was shown by the sixth fraction.
Transplants of Tagetes patula L., T. erecta L. and Calendula officinalis L. were subjected to brushing treatment until appearance of visible inflorescence buds. At the end of treatment, plant height ...was statistically significantly decreased only in C. officinalis, whereas, at the beginning of flowering, the height of plants was statistically equal to untreated groups in all examined species. In T. patula, the treatment also did not influence other measured morphological parameters. However, in T. erecta, treated plants had higher numbers of lateral branches and leaves, and, in C. officinalis, the treatment resulted in more upright stems. Besides, treated plants in both T. erecta and C. officinalis had a higher number of inflorescence buds. The results indicate that brushing is not effective method for reducing plant height in the examined cultivars of T. patula and T. erecta, yet may be a valuable tool to improve some commercially important characteristics in T. erecta and C. officinalis transplants. However, some plants were damaged by brushing treatment, especially in C. officinalis. Further research is therefore needed to find the effectiveness of methods of applying mechanical stress in which physical contact with plants is reduced or avoided.
Amelanchier alnifolia, a deciduous shrub or small tree with edible berry-like fruit, is gaining importance as a commercial fruit crop. The application of micropropagation could complement ...conventional propagation methods of A. alnifolia. The present study aimed to investigate how two light treatments—a mix of red and blue LED lights with dominant wavelengths of 457 and 658 nm (RB LED) and conventional fluorescent lamps emitting light at broad wavelengths of 400-700 nm (FL)—in combination with three cytokinins (CK) belonging to either substituted adenines (6-benzylaminopurine, BAP; meta-Topolin, mT) or to phenylurea cytokinins (thidiazurone, TDZ) affected the multiplication rate, chlorophyll content, and stomata formation in in vitro culture of A. alnifolia axillary shoots. The two light sources proved equally effective in producing axillary shoots, but FL favorably influenced the elongation and chlorophyll content. On the other hand, RB LED lights triggered a significantly higher stomata number of A. alnifolia plantlets in vitro compared with those developed under FL. Presented results reveal a negative ratio between the stomata number and chlorophyll content in response to different cytokinins: TDZ induced the highest number of stomata while BAP significantly increased the chlorophyll content. As the largest number of axillary shoots per explant was achieved on the medium with addition of TDZ, it could be beneficial to use TDZ for multiplication, whereas the use of BAP could be advantageous in the last passage of multiplication before rooting.
The interaction between foliar treatment with 100 mg∙dm–3 of both gibberellic acid 4+7 (GA4+7) and benzyladenine (BA) and vase solution containing 3% sucrose was analysed in cut Lilium ‘Alma Ata’. ...GA4+7+BA considerably delayed leaf senescence, suppressed anthocyanin accumulation in the leaves of plants held in the sucrose solution and improved the average longevity of the flowers and the vase life of the stems. Sucrose in the vase solution strongly reduced the abscission of leaves and contributed to the enlargement of the top flower. The number of significant interactions between the treatments indicated that the investigated factors acted dependently mainly on flower quality, while their action on leaf quality was mostly independent. Results show that combined treatment with growth regulators and sucrose may considerably increase postharvest quality of cut Lilium ‘Alma Ata’.
Zinc Binding by Lactic Acid Bacteria Mrvcic, J; Prebeg, T; Barisic, L ...
Food technology and biotechnology,
10/2009, Letnik:
47, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Zinc is an essential trace element in all organisms. A common method for the prevention of zinc deficiency is pharmacological supplementation, especially in a highly available form of a ...metalloprotein complex. The potential of different microbes to bind essential and toxic heavy metals has recently been recognized. In this work, biosorption of zinc by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been investigated. Specific LAB were assessed for their ability to bind zinc from a water solution. Significant amount of zinc ions was bound, and this binding was found to be LAB species-specific. Differences among the species in binding performance at a concentration range between 10-90 mg/L were evaluated with Langmuir model for biosorption. Binding of zinc was a fast process, strongly influenced by ionic strength, pH, biomass concentration, and temperature. The most effective metal-binding LAB species was Leuconostoc mesenteroides (27.10 mg of Zn super(2+) per gram of dry mass bound at pH=5 and 32 C, during 24 h). FT-IR spectroscopy analysis and electron microscopy demonstrated that passive adsorption and active uptake of the zinc ions were involved.
The ornamental plant market is short on supply of flowering species during the late autumn and winter period, and demand increases during the Christmas holidays. Cultivation of cold-resistant ...geophytes that spent the summer dormant and formed flower buds for the next season is relatively simple and falls at a time when protected areas for seasonal production are not used to their maximum capacity. The aim of this paper is to explain the life cycle of geophytes that form flowers during the summer, and the procedures for obtaining flowering potted plants for the late autumn and winter period when there is a lack of such species on the market. Using the example of hyacinths and daffodils, as species that are represented in greater numbers on the European market, and which spend an apparent rest during the summer, the procedure of pre-treatment with cold and cultivation in a protected area for the production of flowering potted plants as well as plants for cutting is explained
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