Without being aware of its chemical makeup, many ancient societies have used Steppe peony in their traditional medicine. Given that modern phytopreparation intended for use on human skin requires, ...above all, knowledge of its chemical composition, the goal of this study was to make a screening of the composition of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the petals of
L. and to examine them for various skin-beneficial properties. The extracts were prepared by maceration, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave-assisted extraction procedures. The chemical profiling was conducted by the use of UHPLC-LTQ-OrbiTrap MS and UHPLC/MS, and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents. The biological activities entailed antioxidant ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC (Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) assays, antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) and antibiofilm activities, cytotoxicity, wound healing potential, as well as the adhesion and invasion of
. The results showed that the petals are rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, which are commonly associated with numerous biological activities. The aqueous extracts were more efficient in the majority of the bioactivity assays then the methanolic ones, whereas the optimal extraction method varied between the assays. This study is the first step towards the safe use of the aqueous extracts of
petals for therapeutic skin treatments.
Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All.) is a perennial herbaceous medicinal plant species that has not yet been thoroughly researched in terms of the influence of growing conditions on its ...morphological characteristics, flower yield, and the content and quality of its essential oil (EO). The plant material was harvested in the subsequent two production years at three localities in Southeast Serbia, differing in soil type (Alluvial soil, Rendzina, and Calcomelanosol). Based on two-year average values, the best results were obtained from plants grown on Rendzina, including the yield of fresh flowers (1850.2 g/m2), the highest plant height (49.3 cm), the number of branches (4.1), leaves (11.6), and flower heads (3.6), the flower diameter (1.6 cm), and the essential oil content (1.6%). The major EO constituent obtained from the plants growing on Rendzina and Calcomelanosol was 3-methyl pentyl angelate (20.8% and 15.2%, respectively). In the EO obtained from the plants growing on Alluvial soil, the major EO constituent was isobutyl angelate (13.0%), while the content of 3-methyl pentyl angelate was close to it (12.2%). The outcomes of this study provide guidelines for further research related to the cultivation of a Roman chamomile genotype on various soil types in a hilly region of Southeast Serbia, where most cultivated plants cannot be grown.
In this study, the petals collected from peony hybrid Paeonia lactiflora "Bowl of Beauty" and Calendula officinalis L. were extracted using an ethanol-water mixture assisted with microwave and ...ultrasonic treatment. The isolation of Calendula officinalis L. essential oil was done by hydrodistillation as well. The total phenolic and flavonoids content in the extracts and oil were determined and their antioxidant activity was evaluated. The highest total phenolic content was found for the extracts of hybrid P. lactiflora and C. officinalis L. obtained by ultrasound extraction (83.16 and 114.47 mg GA/g, respectively), while the flavonoid content obtained by microwave-assisted extraction was relatively high (123.48 and 65.29 mg QE/g, respectively). The highest antioxidant activity was obtained in DPPH• and ABTS•+ assay for the microwave-assisted extraction of hybrid P. lactiflora (79% and 83%) and ultrasound-assisted extraction of C. officinalis L. (45% and 49%), respectively. To improve antioxidant activity of both types of examined analytes (extracts and essential oil), the pectin biopolymer film (as a carrier) was prepared in the process of enzymatically assisted catalysis. Optical microscopy and FTIR spectroscopy were used for the characterization of obtained materials. The films, with essential oil of C. officinalis L. and gallic acid, showed significantly increased percentage inhibition in DPPH• and ABTS•+ test (91% and 95%, respectively) after 10 minutes. The results, also, showed that all formulations of pectin biopolymer film, modified with gallic acid, can be successfully applied as a carrier for both types of ingredients.
Even though peonies are highly valued as ornamental, medicinal, and edible species and are also considered to be long-lived and relatively disease and pest resistant, they are becoming rare or ...endangered in their natural habitats. This could be primarily associated with climate change and unsustainable wild collecting practices. So far, in situ conservation efforts have received little attention. In addition, very little is known about the cultivation of herbaceous peonies, particularly their propagation from seeds. What is known is that their seeds possess double dormancy, often accompanied by a low germination rate, which, together, make the cultivation of herbaceous peonies more difficult. Based on a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, this paper summarizes, analyzes, and discusses all available studies on the seed traits of herbaceous peonies associated with the effect of seed harvest time on dormancy and seed germination, with a strong focus on dormancy breaking procedures. Improving our understanding of dormancy release modalities (impacts of temperature, moisture, light, hormones, various pre-treatments, etc.) will aid the establishment and management of in situ and ex situ collections of valuable species of herbaceous peonies and enable further studies for their successful propagation, breeding, and cultivation.
During a five-year field trial established with Satureja montana L. under polypropylene woven fabric (PPWF) on clay-textured soil in dry farming conditions in South Banat, Serbia, the influence of a ...single basal application of compost and mineral fertilizers at different planting densities (3.6 and 5 plants m−2) on the yield was investigated. Single-dose fertilization positively influenced the yields of S. montana in both applied fertilization models. In the third production year, the dry herb yield achieved by applying organic fertilizers in dense cultivation (1016 g m−1) was comparable with that obtained in the mineral plot (961 g m−1). Furthermore, the plants were optimally supplied with N, P, and K macronutrients, with equal amounts removed by yield, in both tested fertilization plots. The use of PPWF proved beneficial to cultivated plants in terms of water-use efficiency and weed suppression. However, severe yield loss was observed in the fourth and fifth production years as a result of the extreme rainfall conditions; the excess moisture retained by PPWF applied to heavy clay soil favored the development of soil-borne pathogens. Other mulch materials should be further investigated for the production of S. montana on heavy clay soil.
The paper analyzes the influence of soil type and its agrochemical characteristics on the morphological and productive parameters of different yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) populations. At 8 ...locations the following fertility parameters were analyzed: pH (H2 O), pH (KCl), CaCO3 (%), humus (%), total N (%), available P2 O5 and K2 O (mg 100 g-1 soil). From the morphological parameters, the following were measured: plant height, number of leaves, number and diameter of the head, from the productive parameters, the fresh above-ground masses per plant, the fresh above-ground masses and seeds yield per hectare and the harvest index were analyzed. Among the quality parameters of yarrow seeds, germination energy, total germination and weight of 1,000 seeds were examined. The largest number of heads (13.6), a diameter of heads (1.9 cm) and seed yield (386.0 kg ha-1) had the population of yarrow from the location Pančevo (Am1). In this variant, seeds with the highest germination energy (48.8%) and total germination (53.4%) were obtained. The population in this locality was in second place in fresh above-ground masses yield (15,604.0 kg ha-1). The highest fresh above-ground masses yield per hectare, was obtained in variant Am5 (location Starčevo "rit"). The lowest values of morphological and productive parameters and the weakest quality of seeds were found in the yarrow plants originating from soils with less natural fertility and soils located in urban areas.
Cigarette smoking and medical students Prijić, Željana; Igić, Rajko
Journal of B.U.ON. : official journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology,
2021 Sep-Oct, Letnik:
26, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Despite its well known harmful effects on health, tobacco use is widespread throughout the world. Approximately one third of the global population become smokers at the age of 15 years or more. The ...prevalence of smoking between genders is lessening. Earlier, men used to smoke three to four times more than women globally. The nicotine content of cigarette is small (10 to 12 mg) and a smoker inhales about 1.1 to 1.8 mg of nicotine from each cigarette smoked to its entire length; this plant alkaloid stimulates the central nervous system, causes either ganglionic stimulation in low doses or ganglionic blockade in high doses, and smokers can develop a moderate to heavy physical dependence. Among other numerous substances, several are cancerogenic, and about 98 percent of lung cancer deaths are caused due to tobacco smoke. Nicotine addiction is often more severe than alcohol addiction. Smoking also may complicate anesthetic management, and passive smoking increases the rate of perioperative airway complications in the children of smokers, too. Preoperative abstinence from tobacco is required for surgical patients and it offers an opportunity for smokers to quit permanently. Physicians have an important role in helping smokers to quit tobacco or e-cigarettes, but if a doctor is a smoker himself, his antismoking influence may be deficient. Since a significant percentage of medical students are smokers, it is worth influencing them to stop the habit. The best way is to introduce tobacco modules, stimulating students to participate in anti-smoking campaigns, offer non-smoking hospitals, non-smoking university campuses, non-smoking dormitories, and to provide medical assistance to student smokers who wish to quit.
Paeonia peregrina Mill. and Paeonia tenuifolia L. are endangered species of herbaceous plants with high ornamental and medicinal values. There are a few natural habitats in Serbia where these plants ...spontaneously grow: Krivi Vir, Skrobnica, Golina, Pirot, Deliblato Sands, and Sokobanja, in the municipality of Knjaževac. In July 2021, the symptom of leaf spots was observed on P. peregrina , while spots on leaves, stems, and lower branches on P. tenuifolia in the localities of Pirot and Deliblato Sands. Disease incidence was estimated to 32% in Pirot and 25-35% in Deliblato Sands. Therefore, the aim of the study was to identify the causal agent of leaf spot on P. peregrina and P. tenuifolia in Serbia by molecular identification and characterization, and morphological characterization. For molecular identification and characterization, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha ( EF-1α ), beta-tubulin ( TUB2 ) and histone 3 ( H3 ) genes were amplified using primer pairs ITS1/ITS4, EF1-728F/EF1-986R, T1/Bt2b, and H3-1a/H3-1b, respectively. Morphological characterization of the representative isolates was done on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and potato carrot agar (PCA) media at 22 ◦ C under an 8 h light:16 h dark regime. Based on the molecular and morphological characteristics of the obtained isolates, Alternaria alternata was identified as the causal agent of leaf spot on P. peregrina and P. tenuifolia . In Serbia, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of A. alternata causing a leaf spot of P. tenuifolia .
Without being aware of its chemical makeup, many ancient societies have used Steppe peony in their traditional medicine. Given that modern phytopreparation intended for use on human skin requires, ...above all, knowledge of its chemical composition, the goal of this study was to make a screening of the composition of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the petals of P. tenuifolia L. and to examine them for various skin-beneficial properties. The extracts were prepared by maceration, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave-assisted extraction procedures. The chemical profiling was conducted by the use of UHPLC-LTQ-OrbiTrap MS and UHPLC/MS, and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents. The biological activities entailed antioxidant ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC (Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) assays, antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) and antibiofilm activities, cytotoxicity, wound healing potential, as well as the adhesion and invasion of Staphylococcus lugdunensis. The results showed that the petals are rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, which are commonly associated with numerous biological activities. The aqueous extracts were more efficient in the majority of the bioactivity assays then the methanolic ones, whereas the optimal extraction method varied between the assays. This study is the first step towards the safe use of the aqueous extracts of P. tenuifolia petals for therapeutic skin treatments.
Eighteen wheat lines and varieties were classified in four groups according to different reactions to Puccinia triticina isolate of the race 77 at seedlings. Nitrogen distribution from seed, ...dependent of stored proteins bridge cleaving was presented across RAR (divided root with sum of up ground and root nitrogen content). Varieties expressed highest RT had RAR 0.35 or 0.37 indicating nonspecific genes like were LrTc, Lr 34 or Lr 13 presence or accumulations. The lowest RT of 0;, never present when Lr near isogenic lines were tested at seedlings, characterized three lines with RAR=0.33 fitting combinations of Lr 24 (RAR=0.34), Lr 29 (RAR= 0.34) and Lr 37 RAR=0.33. Lr 1 and 19 were excluded also by previous estimated higher influence on RAR (0.30). Lr 1 or Lr 19 were most probable ingredient in investigated genotypes for ;N RT and RAR of 0.31 as well Lr 24 was for ;N2 (0.34). RAR was decreased for only 0.01 when genes influential on RT decrease were accumulated. According to presented results the S-S linkage was not rejectable for specific resistance to parasite responsible enzymes discovering and differentiation by hydrolytic stability as well as was lower frequented in used parasite isolate.
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