Liberal feminism serves as a crucial theory that ignites equality between men and women. The aim of this study is to introduce liberal feminist concepts into Namita Gokhale's selected works. The ...author of these works delves into women's lives and the reinforcement of men, reflecting the principles of liberal feminism. What sets liberal feminism apart from other theories is its support for men while advocating against male discrimination. Notably, Roman Payne, among numerous liberal feminist thinkers, emphasizes the significance of liberal feminism in his book Hope and Despair. Payne's work conveys the idea that "A woman must prioritize her liberty over a man in order to attain happiness" (Payne, 2008). This notion underscores women's pursuit of freedom and equality. Consequently, this study concentrates on women's lives depicted in Namita Gokhale's works, drawing comparisons to the ideals of liberal feminism.
To explore the significance of geopolymer technology on producing environmental friendly waste based mortar which could be a sustainable replacement for conventional mortar; Low, medium and high ...plastic soil from different locations was used as fine aggregate to produce fly ash based geopolymer mortars. The experiments were designed using central composite design of response surface methodology. Molarity of NaOH, curing temperature and fly ash content were the key parameters considered in this study. The interaction effect of these parameters with four different fine aggregates (river sand, low, medium and high plastic soils) were identified and discussed. It is demonstrated that geopolymerisation helps in utilizing even high plastic soil as fine aggregate in construction applications. Soil based geopolymer mortar resulted in lower density range compared to conventional geopolymer of similar strength values. The test results show that strength and shrinkage properties of soil based geopolymer mortar significantly depends on the type of clay present in the soil. Geopolymer mix with each specific soil has an optimum combination of NaOH, curing temperature and binder dosage that helps them achieve the desired properties such as higher compressive strength and lower dry density, water absorption and shrinkage values.
•Plasticity of soil mainly contributes to the flow loss of soil based geopolymer.•Lower density can be achieved by use of soil in geopolymer mortar.•Soil-fly ash geopolymer mortar gained strength by subjecting to temperature curing.•Water absorption and shrinkage are positively affected by increasing molarity of NaOH.•Shrinkage strain mainly depends on the quantity and type of clay mineral present in the soil.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of machines, computing devices, electronic equipment, and different sensors. It forms a network, where the transmission of device-related data can be ...accomplished. The devices in the IoT are connected to each other through wireless links and form ad-hoc networks. In IoT based applications, the lifetime of the communicating nodes is a greater concern. The network lifetime can be maximized by introducing energy efficient data transmission in the network. Therefore, a traffic and delay-aware energy-efficient routing (TADEER) protocol for IoT-based networks are proposed in this work. The proposed technique assigns delay for transmitting data based on the criticality level of data and traffic rate at the forwarding nodes. Fixing delays for data transmission helps to avoid unnecessary transmissions. The route selection process is implemented using an optimization algorithm. A Fuzzy logic (FL) based biogeography-based optimization (BBO) algorithm is presented in this work. Thus, the number of data transmission and energy consumption can be reduced. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by analyzing transmission delay, network lifetime, and energy consumption. By comparing the simulation results to the existing methods TEAR and ETASA, the simulation results are validated.
Nanocrystalline CoFe2O4 and Ni doped CoFe2O4 were synthesized via chemical precipitation method and their crystal structure, energy gap and magnetic properties were investigated at room temperature. ...The results revealed that the Ni doping dropped the crystallite size from 23.4 to 6.9 nm. FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of ferrites through the vibrational bonds at 462 and 591 cm−1. UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectra confirmed that the synthesized ferrite samples are wide bandgap material whose bandgap varies between 3.73 and 4.01 eV. Photoluminescence study confirmed the visible emission of the samples. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the formation of single domain size of ∼15–72 nm and the morphological tailoring from nanocubes to nanoparticles. Compositional analysis established the consistent mixing of Co, Ni, Fe, and O atoms. The hysteresis analysis confirmed that Ni dopant favours for the magnetic transition from ferro to superparamagnetism. It also infers that Ni dopant reduces the saturation magnetization of cobalt ferrite from 57.83 to 27.13 emu/g and decreased the coercivity from 0.1253 to 0.0139 T as x varies from 0 to 1. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectra confirm the increase in super exchange interaction with the increase in Ni concentration. The dielectric study inferred that the dielectric constant decreases with the increase in frequency.
•Ni-doped CoFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles can be used in red-emission optoelectronic devices.•Ferromagnetic Ni reduces the particle size of CoFe2O4.•Single-domain size of CoFe2O4 is to be 15–72 nm.•Ferrites with wide energygap can be synthesized.
•Ce-doped NiFe2O4 ferrite nanoparticles can be used in red-emission optoelectronic devices.•Non-magnetic Ce reduces the particle size of NiFe2O4.•Single-domain size of NiFe2O4 is to be ...56 nm.•Ferrites with wide energy gap ∼ 1.95 eV can be synthesized.
The impact of Ce3+ doping on the crystallite size, microstructure, optical, and magnetic characteristics of nickel ferrite magnetic nanoparticles prepared by co-precipitation method is discussed in this article. The x-ray diffractometer, ultraviolet–visible spectrometer, photoluminescence spectrometer, electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometer, and vibrating sample magnetometer were used to characterize the prepared samples. The x-ray diffraction technique confirmed the cubic phase of all the samples and it further confirmed that the crystallite size steadily reduces from 55.8 to 33.5 nm as the Ce content rises from 0 to 0.15 then it rises to 41.8 nm with Ce content of 0.20. The lattice parameter ‘a’ was found to increase from 8.3442 to 8.3564 Å with the increase in Ce substitution. As the Ce content increases from 0 to 0.15, the optical band gap increased from 1.50 to 1.95 eV, thereafter, decreasing for Ce content x = 0.20. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals that the frequency corresponding to the Fe–O vibration of Ce-doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles is pushed towards a shorter wavenumber in contrast to pure nickel ferrite. The spinel structure of the synthesized samples confirmed by the x-ray diffraction pattern was also endorsed by the fourier transform infrared spectra. Photoluminescence spectra confirmed the visible emission from the undoped and Ce-doped nickel ferrite nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy analysis confirmed the rectangular shape of the nanoparticles and the reduction in average particle size from 58 to 37.5 nm with an increase in Ce concentration. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis confirmed the presence of Ni, Fe, Ce, and O elements. The explicit magnetic parameters like saturation magnetization, remanence, coercivity, squareness ratio, and magnetic moment were determined from magnetization versus applied field measurements. The result of BET analysis confirmed the porous nature of the Ce-doped NiFe2O4 which may be useful in photocatalytic activity. According to magnetic hysteresis curves, the saturation magnetization of nickel ferrite decreases from 51.9 to 22.6 emu/g after Ce content is 0.15. Vibrating sample magnetometer analysis also confirmed the superparamagnetism in nickel ferrite and cerium-doped nickel ferrite samples. Electron paramagnetic resonance confirmed the decrease in spin numbers and the spin relaxation time, after doping with cerium ions.
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The possibility of reusing excavated soil as an alternative to river sand in the production of mortar was studied. The soil samples before and after wet sieving were used as fine aggregate in mortar ...preparation. The resulting wash water in wet sieving was analysed for the presence of soluble ions and its effect in cement hydration and mortar properties. Residual clay from the wet sieving process was also studied for its use as pozzolan in cement mortar by thermal treatment. Several tests, including flow table test, dry density, compressive strength, water absorption and drying shrinkage were performed to understand the effect of washing treatment on excavation soil based cement mortar. From the test results it was concluded that washing treatment is effective in the use of excavated soil as fine aggregate.
•A zero wastage technology for the utilisation of excavated soil waste is suggested.•The sand fraction, separated by wet sieving, is used as a replacement for the depleting river sand.•The by-products, wash water and residual clay, are also utilised.•Wash water can be used for mortar production.•Calcined residual clay can be used as a pozzolanic material in cement mortar.
Abstract
Machine learning and particularly algorithms based on artificial neural networks establishes a field of research lying at the intersection of different disciplines such as mathematics, ...statistics, computer science, and neuroscience. This approach is characterized by the utilization of algorithms to extract knowledge from large and heterogeneous data sets. A neural network technique is played to implement machine learning or to design intelligent machines for constructing mathematical models that can perform various complicated tasks. The set of machine learning algorithms have modernized and structured for fluid flows. It is helped to develop flow modeling and improvement techniques using neural networks the biologically impressed algorithms, current lines of mechanics research, and industrial applications.
An incompressible MHD nanofluid boundary layer flow over a vertical stretching permeable surface employing Buongiorno’s design investigated by considering the convective states. The Brownian motion ...and thermophoresis effects are used to implement the nanofluid model. Operating the similarity transmutations, to transform the governing partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations consisting of the momentum, energy, and concentration fields and later worked by using a program written together with the stiffness shifting in Wolfram Language. The consequences of various physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields are analyzed, such as magnetic parameter M, Brownian motion parameter Nb, thermophoresis parameter Nt, Lewis number Le, temperature Biot number Biθ, concentration Biot number Biϕ, and suction parameter fw. Furthermore, the Skin friction coefficient, local Nusselt, and local Sherwood numbers concerning magnetic parameter for various values of physical parameters (i.e. fw, Nb) are obtained graphically, then the outcome is validated with other recent works. Finally, introduced a new environment to employ machine learning by performing the sensitivity analysis based on the iterative method for predicting the Skin friction coefficient, reduced Nusselt number, and Sherwood number with respect to magnetic parameter for suction parameter and Brownian motion parameter. Machine learning algorithms provide a strong and quick data processing structure to enhance the actual research procedures and industrial application of fluid mechanics. These techniques have been upgraded and organized for fluid flow characteristics. The present optimization process has the potential for a new perspective on the metallurgical process, heat exchangers in electronics, and some medicinal applications.
The cobalt-doped CdS quantum dots that were synthesized using the co-precipitation process is discussed in this article. The x-ray diffraction analysis revealed a reduction in the crystallite size ...from 5.9 to 2.9 nm upon increasing the cobalt content from 0 to 10%. The energy gap of CdS and Co-doped CdS quantum dots was assessed from Tauc’s plot and it infers that Co-doping widens the bandgap of CdS quantum dots from 3.12 to 3.45 eV. The photoluminescence peak was observed to have a maximum intensity for 10% Co doping. The substitution of Co and the formation of CdS were confirmed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy through the peaks at 654 cm
−1
and 426 cm
−1
, respectively. The Raman spectra of undoped and Co-doped CdS quantum dots revealed the first longitudinal optical phonon mode at 300.8 cm
−1
and the second longitudinal optical phonon mode at 599.3 cm
−1
modes, with a decreasing intensity ratio. The presence of nearly spherical particles with a typical size of 7.2–3.9 nm was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, which is a good attribute for several applications. Room temperature magnetization measurement revealed a drop in saturation magnetization as particle size decreases, indicating that the ferromagnetism is caused by defects. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis confirmed the ferromagnetic property of the CdS sample. Spin-spin relaxation time and spin-lattice relaxation time were calculated. The current study emphasizes the possibility of 10% Co doping in the CdS matrix in a simple co-precipitation method. The developed nearly spherical quantum dots will be studied for biomedical applications including biosensors and bioimaging.
•Soil stabilization is used as a treatment method to utilize excavation soil as fine aggregate in cement mortar.•Properties of mortar with lime and slag stabilized soil are compared.•Lime ...stabilization helps in shrinkage reduction whereas; slag stabilization enhances the strength development.
The aim of this work is to broadly investigate the possibility of utilizing excavated soil as alternative for river sand in cementitious system. Three different types of soils with low, medium and high plasticity (with different proportion and type of clay) were used as fine aggregates to produce cement mortar. The same soil samples were treated by dry sieving through 600 µm size sieve and/or stabilized with calcium bearing stabilizers viz., lime and slag, to improve the mortar properties. Different dosages of stabilizers (up to 20%) have been tried to stabilize the clay present. Treated plastic soils were then used as fine aggregate in cement mortar. Mortar properties such as strength and shrinkage were determined and compared with control mortar made of river sand. Results showed that it is possible to use low plastic soil as fine aggregate by employing simple dry sieving without compromising mortar properties. Medium plastic soil needs stabilization together with dry sieving to reach an acceptable limit of shrinkage strains. Though mortar with high plastic soil shows improvement in properties, shrinkage strains are not controlled with these treatment methods.
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