Summary
Plants harbour highly diverse mycobiomes which sustain essential functions for host health and productivity. However, ecological processes that govern the plant–mycobiome assembly, ...interactions and their impact on ecosystem functions remain poorly known. Here we characterized the ecological role and community assembly of both abundant and rare fungal taxa along the soil–plant continuums (rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere) in the maize–wheat/barley rotation system under different fertilization practices at two contrasting sites. Our results indicate that mycobiome assembly is shaped predominantly by compartment niche and host species rather than by environmental factors. Moreover, crop‐associated fungal communities are dominated by few abundant taxa mainly belonging to Sordariomycetes and Dothideomycetes, while the majority of diversity within mycobiomes are represented by rare taxa. For plant compartments, the abundant sub‐community is mainly determined by stochastic processes. In contrast, the rare sub‐community is more sensitive to host selection and mainly governed by deterministic processes. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that rare taxa play an important role in fungal co‐occurrence network and ecosystem functioning like crop yield and soil enzyme activities. These results significantly advance our understanding of crop mycobiome assembly and highlight the key role of rare taxa in sustaining the stability of crop mycobiomes and ecosystem functions.
Deceptive spam reviews of products or service are harmful for customers in decision making. Existing approaches to detect deceptive spam reviews are concerned in feature designing. Hand-crafted ...features can show some linguistic phenomena, however can hardly reveal the latent semantic meaning of the review. We present a neural network based model to learn the representation of reviews. The model makes a hard attention through the composition from sentence representation into document representation. Specifically, we compute the importance weights of each sentence and incorporate them into the composition process of document representation. In the mixed-domain detection experiment, the results verify the effectiveness of our model by comparing with other neural network based methods. As the feature selection is very important in this direction, we make a feature combination to enhance the performance. Then we get 86.1% F1 value which outperform the state-of-the-art method. In the cross-domain detection experiment, our method has better robustness.
Immunogenic cell death (ICD)-associated immunogenicity can be evoked through reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In this study, we generate a double ...ER-targeting strategy to realize photodynamic therapy (PDT) photothermal therapy (PTT) immunotherapy. This nanosystem consists of ER-targeting pardaxin (FAL) peptides modified-, indocyanine green (ICG) conjugated- hollow gold nanospheres (FAL-ICG-HAuNS), together with an oxygen-delivering hemoglobin (Hb) liposome (FAL-Hb lipo), designed to reverse hypoxia. Compared with non-targeting nanosystems, the ER-targeting naosystem induces robust ER stress and calreticulin (CRT) exposure on the cell surface under near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation. CRT, a marker for ICD, acts as an 'eat me' signal to stimulate the antigen presenting function of dendritic cells. As a result, a series of immunological responses are activated, including CD8
T cell proliferation and cytotoxic cytokine secretion. In conclusion, ER-targeting PDT-PTT promoted ICD-associated immunotherapy through direct ROS-based ER stress and exhibited enhanced anti-tumour efficacy.
Background:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become prevalent in recent decades, especially in developed countries, and approaches for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD are not clear. ...The aim of this research was to analyze and summarize randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of probiotics on NAFLD.
Methods:
Seven databases (PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang Data, and VIP Database) were searched. Then, eligible studies were identified. Finally, proper data extraction, synthesis and analysis were performed by trained researchers.
Results:
Anthropometric parameters: with use of probiotics weight was reduced by 2.31 kg, and body mass index (BMI) was reduced by 1.08 kg/m2. Liver function: probiotic treatment reduced the alanine aminotransferase level by 7.22 U/l, the aspartate aminotransferase level by 7.22 U/l, the alkaline phosphatase level by 25.87 U/l, and the glutamyl transpeptidase level by −5.76 U/l. Lipid profiles: total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides were significantly decreased after probiotic treatment. Their overall effects (shown as standard mean difference) were −0.73, −0.54, and −0.36, respectively. Plasma glucose: probiotics reduced the plasma glucose level by 4.45 mg/dl and the insulin level by 0.63. Cytokines: probiotic treatment decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha by 0.62 and leptin by 1.14. Degree of liver fat infiltration (DFI): the related risk of probiotics for restoring DFI was 2.47 (95% confidence interval, 1.61–3.81, p < 0.001).
Conclusion:
Probiotic treatment or supplementation is a promising therapeutic method for NAFLD.
Active temperature control devices are widely used for the thermal management of enclosures, including vehicles and buildings. Passive radiative cooling has been extensively studied; however, its ...integration with existing actively temperature regulated and decorative enclosures has slipped out of the research at status quo. Here, we present a photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy for reducing the active power consumption of the existing temperature-regulated enclosure without sacrificing its aesthetics. By coating the exterior and interior of the enclosure roof with two visible-transparent films with distinctive wavelength-selectivity, simultaneous control over the energy exchange among the enclosure with the hot sun, the cold outer space, the atmosphere, and the active cooler can be implemented. A power-saving of up to 63% for active coolers of the enclosure is experimentally demonstrated by measuring the heat flux compared to the ordinary enclosure when the set temperature is around 26°C. This photonic-engineered dual-side thermal management strategy offers facile integration with the existing enclosures and represents a new paradigm toward carbon neutrality.
A pyrene-based metal–organic framework, Cd2(PTTB)(H2O)2 (WYU-11), was synthesized from the tetracarboxylic pyrene ligand H4PTTB (H4PTTB = 1,3,6,8-tetrakis(3-carboxyphenyl)pyrene) and Cd(NO3)2 ...·4H2O. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis discloses that the framework is stable in acid, base, and various organic solvent environments. WYU-11 shows excellent catalytic performance on the cyclization reaction of propargylic amines with CO2 into 2-oxazolidinones under mild conditions (60 °C, atmospheric CO2). 1H NMR studies unveiled that WYU-11 and 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) can synergistically activate the propargylic amine substrate and promote the reaction. Importantly, WYU-11 represents a rare example of noble metal-free heterogeneous catalyst that can catalyze the cyclization of CO2 with propargylic amines. In addition, by virtue of the excellent water stability and luminescence properties, WYU-11 shows excellent detection performance for sulfathiazole (STZ) and ornidazole (ODZ) in water. Investigation reveals that the coexistence of photoinduced electron transfer and internal filtering effect could reasonably explain the luminescence quenching of WYU-11 by the antibiotics.
Abstract
Advanced multispectral detection technologies have emerged as a significant threat to objects, necessitating the use of multiband camouflage. However, achieving effective camouflage and ...thermal management across the entire infrared spectrum, especially the short-wave infrared (SWIR) band, remains challenging. This paper proposes a multilayer wavelength-selective emitter that achieves effective camouflage across the entire infrared spectrum, including the near-infrared (NIR), SWIR, mid-wave infrared (MWIR), and long-wave infrared (LWIR) bands, as well as the visible (VIS) band. Furthermore, the emitter enables radiative heat dissipation in two non-atmospheric windows (2.5–3 μm and 5–8 μm). The emitter’s properties are characterized by low emittance of 0.270/0.042/0.218 in the SWIR/MWIR/LWIR bands, and low reflectance of 0.129/0.281 in the VIS/NIR bands. Moreover, the high emittance of 0.742/0.473 in the two non-atmospheric windows ensures efficient radiative heat dissipation, which results in a temperature decrement of 14.4 °C compared to the Cr reference at 2000 W m
−2
input power density. This work highlights the role of solar radiance in camouflage, and provides a comprehensive guideline for developing multiband camouflage compatible with radiative heat dissipation, from the visible to LWIR.
Energy efficient buildings require materials with a low thermal conductivity and a high fire resistance. Traditional organic insulation materials are limited by their poor fire resistance and ...inorganic insulation materials are either brittle or display a high thermal conductivity. Herein we report a mechanically resilient organic/inorganic composite aerogel with a thermal conductivity significantly lower than expanded polystyrene and excellent fire resistance. Co‐polymerization and nanoscale phase separation of the phenol‐formaldehyde‐resin (PFR) and silica generate a binary network with domain sizes below 20 nm. The PFR/SiO2 aerogel can resist a high‐temperature flame without disintegration and prevents the temperature on the non‐exposed side from increasing above the temperature critical for the collapse of reinforced concrete structures.
Fire not starter: Taking advantage of a co‐polymerization strategy an organic–inorganic binary network hybrid aerogel with a nanoscale homogeneity can be prepared. The phenol‐formaldehyde‐resin/SiO2 aerogel is mechanically resilient and has a thermal conductivity significantly lower than expanded polystyrene and excellent fire resistance.
Long non-coding RNA plays a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of glioma. We aimed to explore the function of LINC00174 in cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion and ...glycolysis of glioma cells, and investigate the molecular mechanism involved.
LINC00174 expression in glioma tissues and peritumoral brain edema (PTBE) tissues was examined by RT-qPCR and in situ hybridization. The CCK-8, TUNEL, wound healing, transwell, and ELISA assays were performed to identify the effects of LINC00174 knockdown on cell viability, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and glycolysis, respectively. RNA immunoprecipitation, dual-luciferase reporter, RNA pull down, and western blot assays were performed to explore the molecular mechanisms of LINC00174 in glioma cells. A nude mouse xenograft model was used to investigate the role of LINC00174 in xenograft glioma growth.
LINC00174 was overexpressed in glioma tissues and cell lines. LINC00174 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis of glioma cells, and LINC00174 exerted a tumorigenesis role. LINC00174 could interact with miR-152-3p/SLC2A1 axes. The miR-152-3p inhibitor or the SLC2A1 overexpression could rescue the anti-tumor effect of LINC00174 knockdown on glioma cells. Moreover, downregulation of LINC00174 also inhibited tumor volume and delayed the tumor growth in vivo.
LINC00174 accelerated carcinogenesis of glioma via sponging miR-1523-3p and increasing the SLC2A1 expression, which could be considered as a molecular target for glioma diagnosis and therapy.
SnSe crystals have been discovered as one of the most efficient thermoelectric materials due to their remarkable thermal and electrical transports. But the polycrystalline SnSe possesses much lower ...performance especially for the low carrier mobility and electrical conductivity. We firstly attempted to explain and verify the difference in the electrical conductivity as a function of temperature between p-type crystalline and polycrystalline SnSe by considering the grain boundary effects in the polycrystalline samples. On the basis of 2% Na doping to optimize the carrier concentration, the carrier mobility is improved by further introducing In, leading to enhanced carrier mobility from 3 to 9 cm
2
·V
−1
·s
−1
in polycrystalline SnSe. Moreover, In doping introduces extra resonant levels in SnSe, which increases the density of states near Fermi level and leads to an enhanced band effective mass. Large Seebeck coefficient of ~ 205 μV·K
−1
at 300 K and maximum power factor of ~ 7.5 μW·cm
−1
·K
−2
at 773 K can be obtained in the Sn
0.975
Na
0.02
In
0.005
Se sample, leading to a competitively high dimensionless figure of merit (
ZT
) value exceeding 1.1 at 773 K.
摘要
晶体 SnSe 由于出色的电声传输性能, 不断表现出优异的热电特性。但是, 相对于晶体, 多晶 SnSe 的电导率和载流子迁移率呈现数量级的降低。首先, 我们试图通过考虑多晶样品中晶界的影响来解释 p 型晶体 SnSe 和多晶 SnSe 的电导率随温度变化的差异。通过掺杂 2% 的 Na 来优化多晶 SnSe 的载流子浓度, 在此基础上引入 In 提高了基体的载流子迁移率, 样品的室温迁移率由 3 cm
2
·V
-1
·s
-1
增加到 9 cm
2
·V
-1
·s
-1
。此外, 通过在多晶 SnSe 中掺杂 In 引入了额外的共振能级, 增加了费米能级附近的态密度, 提高了能带有效质量 。引入 In 之后, Sn
0.975
Na
0.02
In
0.005
Se样品在 300 K 时的塞贝克系数从 ~ 137提高到 ~ 205 μ V·K
-1
, 在 773 K 时的最大功率因子从 ~ 3.9提 高到 ~ 7.5 μ W·cm
-1
·K
-2
, 使热电优值 (
ZT
) 在 773 K 时超过了 1.1
Graphical Abstract
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