New paleomagnetic investigation was carried out on the late Neogene fluviolacustrine sequence of the Yuanmou Basin, located near the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Magnetostratigraphic ...results indicate nine reverse magnetozones (R1 to R9) and eight normal magnetozones (N1 to N8) in the sedimentary profile, which can be correlated to the geomagnetic polarity timescale from C3n.3r to C1r.1r. The age of the sedimentary sequence of the Yuanmou Basin can thus be paleomagnetically constrained to an interval from early Pliocene to Pleistocene, with sedimentation rates varying from 12.5 to 55 cm/kyr. In addition to its highly resolved magnetostratigraphic sequence, the Yuanmou Basin provides a record of Plio-Pleistocene tectono- and climato-sedimentary processes. The mean declinations of the seventeen polarity units (excluding samples with transitional directions) can be grouped into three distinct directional intervals, Group I (2.58–1.37 Ma), Group II (4.29–2.58 Ma) and Group III (4.91–4.29 Ma). These directions indicate that the Yuanmou Basin has probably experienced vertical-axis clockwise rotation of about 12° from 1.4 Ma to 4.9 Ma, which may be related to slip activity of the Red River fault to the southwest and the Xianshuihe–Xiaojiang fault to the east.
The impact of dietary alpha-tocopherol on juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis was experimentally evaluated in a 10-week study. Crab were fed with nine diets including three levels of ...alpha-tocopherol (0, 100 and 300 mg kg-1 diet) and three levels of fish oil oxidation (fresh, moderate and high) in triplicates. Fresh and moderate oil oxidization enhanced weight gain, but moderate and high oil oxidization lowered survival and feed efficiency. The 100-mg alpha-tocopherol kg-1 diet resulted in higher hepatopancreas MDA than other alpha-tocopherol diets. High oil oxidization led to the lowest serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPH-PX). The serum SOD and GPH-PX activities in crab fed 100 mg alpha-tocopherol were higher than in those fed other alpha-tocopherol diets. The diet without alpha-tocopherol addition lowered lysozyme and phenoloxidase (PO) activities compared to other alpha-tocopherol diets. Fresh fish oil diet increased PO activity compared to oxidized oils. High oil oxidization caused significantly more mortality than fresh or moderate oxidization after 7-d postchallenge with Aeromonas hydrophila. Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol significantly enhanced resistance to bacterial infection. This study indicates that alpha-tocopherol can protect lipid from peroxidation and enhance disease resistance.
Abstract
Ballistic gelatin, soap, and clay are three human simulated target materials commonly used in the field of wound ballistics research. Currently, there are more studies on ballistic gelatin’s ...mechanical properties, but rarely on clay and soap. In this paper, the mechanical properties of clay and soap materials were tested by using universal material testing machine and Hopkinson bar, respectively, and their stress-strain curves were obtained under different temperatures (4°C, 15°C, and 25°C) from quasi-static to dynamic loading. The test results showed that the clay material was sensitive to temperature and strain rate in quasi-static conditions, its stress-strain curves showed nonlinear strengthening characteristics, and the stress always increased without strength decrease during the loading process; the dynamic compression mechanical properties of clay were significantly higher than the quasi-static mechanical properties, showing obvious strain rate strengthening effect. In quasi-static compression experiments, the stress-strain curves of soap material showed bilinear elastic-plastic material characteristics; when the strain was less than 0.1, it was insensitive to temperature and strain rate, and only when the strain was more significant than 0.1 did it show a certain temperature and strain rate correlation. The dynamic compressive mechanical properties of soap are significantly higher than the quasi-static mechanical properties, showing a significant strain-rate strengthening effect. The stress of soap at the same strain rate is slightly less than that of clay. These results not only help provide more accurate material parameters for relevant numerical calculations but also help to provide references for the development of new bionic materials.
Four novel IrIII and PtII complexes with cyclometalated ligands bearing a carbazole framework are prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. ...Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies of complexes 1, 3, and 4 reveal that the 3‐ or 2‐position C atom of the carbazole unit coordinates to the metal center. The difference in the ligation position results in significant shifts in the emission spectra with the changes in wavelength being 84 nm for the Ir complexes and 63 nm for the Pt complexes. The electrochemical behavior and photophysical properties of the complexes are investigated, and correlate well with the results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Electroluminescent devices with a configuration of ITO/NPB/CBP:dopant/BCP/AlQ3/LiF/Al can attain very high efficiencies.
Carbazole‐based metal complexes exhibiting emission from blue‐green to red have been designed and prepared. Their energy levels, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence are tuned by controlling the ligation of the metal (IrIII or PtII) with the carbon atom at the 2 or 3 position of the carbazole unit. Highly efficient OLED devices using the complexes as phosphorescent dopants have been achieved (see figure).
Little is known about when and how planktonic species arise and persist in the open ocean without apparent dispersal barriers. Pteropods are planktonic snails with thin shells susceptible to ...dissolution that are used as bio‐indicators of ocean acidification. However, distinct evolutionary units respond to acidification differently, and defining species boundaries is therefore crucial for predicting the impact of changing ocean conditions. In this global population genomic study of the shelled pteropod Limacina bulimoides, we combined genetic (759,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms) and morphometric data from 161 individuals, revealing three major genetic lineages (FST = 0.29–0.41): an “Atlantic lineage” sampled across the Atlantic, an “Indo‐Pacific lineage” sampled in the North Pacific and Indian Ocean, and a “Pacific lineage” sampled in the North and South Pacific. A time‐calibrated phylogeny suggests that the lineages diverged about 1 million years ago, with estimated effective population size remaining high (~10 million) throughout Pleistocene glacial cycles. We do not observe any signatures of recent hybridization, even in areas of sympatry in the North Pacific. While the lineages are reproductively isolated, they are morphologically cryptic, with overlapping shell shape and shell colour distributions. Despite showing that the circumglobal L. bulimoides consists of multiple species with smaller ranges than initially thought, we found that these pteropods still possess high levels of genetic variability. Our study adds to the growing evidence that speciation is often overlooked in the open ocean, and suggests the presence of distinct biological species within many other currently defined circumglobal planktonic species.
Facilitative glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is a transporter protein for glucose transport via the plasma membrane of the cells to provide energy through carbohydrate metabolism. GLUT1 cDNA from ...Litopenaeus vannamei was obtained and analysed in this study. Full‐length GLUT1 cDNA is 2062 bp long and contained a 1506‐bp ORF encoding a 502 amino acid protein, a 270‐bp 5′UTR and a 284‐bp 3′UTR. When shrimp were under acute low salinity stress, the expression in hepatopancreas, muscle, gill and eyestalk was all up‐regulated at 12 h (P < 0.05) and 96 h (P < 0.05), while the expression in the four tissues was all down‐regulated at 6 h (P < 0.05) and 48 h (P < 0.05) . The expression in the muscle of shrimp at water salinity of 3 was lower than that at water salinity of 30 independent of dietary carbohydrate levels, while expression in hepatopancreas, gill and eyestalk was up‐regulated at 200 and 300 g kg−1 carbohydrate levels. The expression in all tissues fed glucose was up‐regulated when compared to the expression in shrimp held at a water salinity of 30. This study suggests that GLUT1 is a conserved protein in L. vannamei, and changes in expression due to environmental salinity and dietary carbohydrate level and source.
Many studies have demonstrated that antiviral therapy has an important role in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV)
, including a recent article by Han et al. who ...reported that the majority of mothers stopped prophylactic telbivudine at 1 month postpartum.
However, the HBV Guidelines of the AASLD (at delivery to 3 months postpartum),
EASL (within and at 12 weeks postpartum in 2012 and 2017, respectively),
and APASL (at delivery)
had different recommendations regarding stopping time of antivirals given as prophylaxis, which result in differing durations worldwide. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were used to test the influence of lipid source on growth performance, antioxidant status and lipid metabolism of juvenile Russian sturgeon, Acipenser ...gueldenstaedtii. Each diet was supplemented with 90 g kg−1 of lipid from each of six sources including fish oil (FO), beef tallow (BT), sunflower oil (SO), linseed oil (LO) and equal combinations of FO + SO + BT (FSB) or LO + SO + BT (LSB). After 56 days, fish fed LSB demonstrated highest weight gain, specific growth rate and lowest hepatosomatic index among all groups. The n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the whole fish were highest in the SO group, and n‐3 PUFAs were highest in fish fed LO. The fish fed FO contained highest n‐3 highly unsaturated fatty acids. Triglyceride in the serum of fish fed LSB was lowest, but was not significantly different from that in the SO group. Triglyceride in the serum of fish fed FO and BT was highest among all groups. Lipase, malate dehydrogenase and lipoprotein lipase activities were highest in fish fed LSB. Serum malondialdehyde in fish fed LSB was significantly lower than in fish fed FO or SO, but no significant differences were found among fish fed LSB, BT, LO or FSB. Fish fed LSB showed higher catalase activity and total antioxidant capacity than fish fed FO or FSB. This study indicates that linseed, sunflower oil and BT mixed oil are a suitable lipid source and can benefit growth performance and antioxidation in juvenile sturgeon.
A novel circularly polarized (CP) antenna with a chamfered and stair-shaped dielectric resonator (CSDRA) is introduced in this article, which introduces a chamfer in the stair-shaped resonator ...structure. This chamfer has hardly influence on the impedance bandwidth, but a distinct impact on the axial ratio (AR) bandwidth after its dimension is optimized by using HFSS. Simulated results show that the CSDRA has 10 dB return loss of 69.7% (3.91-8.10 GHz) and 3 dB AR bandwidths of 51.4% (3.87-6.55 GHz), respectively, and thus useable bandwidth of 50.4% (3.91-6.55 GHz) is obtained in this article. Moreover, the gain in the working frequency band exceeds 3.36 dBic.
