A new aromadendrane sesquiterpenoid pseuboydone F (1), along with a known pseuboydone A (2), were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Pseudallescheria boydii F44-1 associated with the soft coral ...Sarcophyton sp.. The structures were elucidated by HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data.
Sensitive and precise determination of chloramphenicol (CAP) is of great significance for human health due to its high risk in trace amounts. Solid-state artificial nanochannels are expected to be ...highly promising sensing devices owing to single-molecule sensitivity, target-specific selectivity, and portability. Herein, we report an aptamer self-assembly-functionalized artificial nanochannel-based sensor for highly sensitive and precise determination of CAP. Aptamer self-assembly (AAs) served as the specific recognition component and were in situ grown on the surface of stable anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) nanochannels to develop an AAs@AAO nanochannel-based sensor. Selective interaction with CAP led to the disassembly of AAs and sensitive current change of AAs@AAO nanochannels, allowing sensitive and precise sensing of CAP in complex food samples. The developed AAs@AAO nanochannel-based sensor showed a wide linear range from 0.32 to 1600 pg. mL–1, low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 pg. mL–1, high precision with relative standard deviation of 2.9%, and quantitative recoveries of 93.4–102.2% for CAP in milk, milk powder, and honey samples. This work proposes a versatile nanochannel-based platform for facile, sensitive, and precise sensing of hazardous residues in food samples.
The JAK/STAT pathway plays an important role in the development and immune responses of animals. In vertebrates, families of cytokines or growth factors act as activators of the JAK/STAT pathway; ...however, the activators for the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in arthropods are largely unknown. Herein we report a new ligand, peroxiredoxin 4 (Prx4), for the Domeless in the JAK/STAT pathway of shrimp
Marsupenaeus japonicus
. Prx4 was induced to secrete into the extracellular surroundings upon
Vibrio
challenge, which then facilitated the anti-
Vibrio
activity of shrimp by activating the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT and the expression of STAT-responsive antimicrobial peptides. Blocking the expression of Prx4
in vivo
abrogated the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway by
Vibrio
infection, while injection of Prx4 protein activated the pathway. The interaction between Prx4 and Domeless was proved by immuno-precipitation and protein pull-down assays. Moreover, two cysteine residues in Prx4 that are critical for the interaction and Prx4’s anti-
Vibrio
role were identified, and the binding site in Domeless for Prx4 was proved to be the cytokine-binding homology module fragment. Taken together, our study revealed a new function for Prx4 enzyme and established a new enzyme-type ligand for the activation of the JAK/STAT pathway in an aquatic arthropod.
为深入推进化肥减量行动，需要对已研发出的茶园化肥减施增效技术模式进行社会经济效果评价，筛选出适宜当地优先推广的技术模式。本研究采用文献综合研究法和专家咨询法，构建了一套适宜茶园化肥减施增效技术模式社会经济效果评价的指标体系，并运用基于专家意见多重相关性的灰色关联分析模型，对福建省闽东绿茶区5种化肥减施增效技术模式（模式1：施用专用肥模式；模式2：有机肥料替代部分化肥模式；模式3：施用脲甲醛复合肥新型肥料模式；模式4：施用生物炭基肥模式；模式5：地力改良与施生物炭结合模式）进行实证评价。结果表明：采用专家组多重相关性赋权法得到的最终权重中，技术特征指标权重最高，为36.52%，经济效益指标权重次之，为26.95%，社会效益指标权重为21.24%，管理指标权重最低，为15.29%； 5项技术模式的综合评价得分排序为模式2 （0.798 6） >模式1 （0.744 4） >模式4 （0.560 0） >模式3 （0.482 4） >模式5 （0.467 6）。研究表明，福建省闽东绿茶区适合优先推广有机肥料替代部分化肥技术模式，其次是专用肥模式，而其他三项技术模式有待进一步研究优化。To further promote the action of chemical fertilizer reduction, it is necessary to evaluate the socio-economic effects of the developed chemical fertilizer application reduction and efficiency improvement technical modes in tea gardens and select the appropriate and prioritized technical modes for application. The index system was constructed by comprehensive literature research and expert consultation method to evaluate the socio-economic effects of chemical fertilizer application reduction and efficiency improvement tech
N
-lysine acetylation is an abundant and important Post-translational modification in bacteria. We used the bacterial two-hybrid system to screen the genome library of the
Typhimurium to identify ...potential proteins involved in acetyltransferase Pat - or deacetylase CobB-mediated acetylation. Then, the
(de)acetylation assays were used to validate the potential targets, such as STM14_1074, NrdF, RhaR. Lrp, a leucine-responsive regulatory protein and global regulator, was shown to interact with Pat. We further demonstrate that Lrp could be acetylated by Pat and deacetylated by NAD
-dependent CobB
. Specifically, the conserved lysine residue 36 (K36) in helix-turn-helix (HTH) DNA-binding domain of Lrp was acetylated. Acetylation of K36 impaired the function of Lrp through altering the affinity with the target promoter. The mutation of K36 in chromosome mimicking acetylation enhanced the transcriptional level of itself and attenuated the mRNA levels of Lrp-regulated genes including
, which was confirmed by yeast agglutination assay. These findings demonstrate that the acetylation regulates the DNA-binding activity of Lrp, suggesting that acetylation modification of transcription factors is a conserved regulatory manner to modulate gene expression in bacteria and eukaryotes.
Isolating and characterizing mutants with altered senescence phenotypes is one of the ways to understand the molecular basis of leaf aging. Using ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis, a new rice (
) ...mutant, brown midrib leaf (
), was isolated from the
cultivar 'Zhenong34'. The
mutants had brown midribs in their leaves and initiated senescence prematurely, at the onset of heading. The mutants had abnormal cells with degraded chloroplasts and contained less chlorophyll compared to the wild type (WT). The
mutant showed excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and malondialdehyde, upregulation of senescence-induced STAY-GREEN genes and senescence-related transcription factors, and down regulation of photosynthesis-related genes. The levels of abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were increased in
with the upregulation of some ABA and JA biosynthetic genes. In pathogen response,
demonstrated higher resistance against
pv.
and upregulation of four pathogenesis-related genes compared to the WT. A genetic study confirmed that the
trait was caused by a single recessive nuclear gene (
). A map-based cloning using insertion/deletion markers confirmed that
was located in the 57.32kb interval between the
and
markers on the short arm of chromosome 5. A sequence analysis of the candidate region identified a 1 bp substitution (G to A) in the 5'-UTR (+98) of
.
is a candidate gene associated with leaf senescence, ROS regulation, and disease response, also involved in hormone signaling in rice. Therefore, this gene might be useful in marker-assisted backcrossing/gene editing to improve rice cultivars.
Purpose
To use artificial intelligence to establish an automatic diagnosis system for corneal endothelium diseases (CEDs).
Methods
We develop an automatic system for detecting multiple common CEDs ...involving an enhanced compact convolutional transformer (ECCT). Specifically, we introduce a cross-head relative position encoding scheme into a standard self-attention module to capture contextual information among different regions and employ a token-attention feed-forward network to place greater focus on valuable abnormal regions.
Results
A total of 2723 images from CED patients are used to train our system. It achieves an accuracy of 89.53%, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) is 0.958 (95% CI 0.943–0.971) on images from multiple centres.
Conclusions
Our system is the first artificial intelligence-based system for diagnosing CEDs worldwide. Images can be uploaded to a specified website, and automatic diagnoses can be obtained; this system can be particularly helpful under pandemic conditions, such as those seen during the recent COVID-19 pandemic.
HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA has been reported to serve as an important prognostic biomarker in several types of cancers. However, the clinical value of HOX transcript antisense intergenic ...RNA in digestive cancers remains unclear. Therefore, we tried to investigate the clinical role of expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA as a prognostic indicator in digestive cancers by a meta-analysis. Literature collection was performed by searching the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases (up to October 7, 2017). A quantitative meta-analysis was conducted to assess the eligible articles on the prognostic value of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA in digestive cancers. The pooled hazard ratios or odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to evaluate the association between expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA and clinical outcomes. A total of 1844 patients from 22 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The results found a significant association between expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA and poor overall survival in digestive cancers (pooled hazard ratio = 2.19, 95% confidence interval, 1.86-2.57, P < .001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed that tumor type, region, Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and sample size did not alter the predictive value of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA as an independent factor for patients’ survival. In addition, we also revealed that the clinicopathological characteristics such as differentiation, lymph node metastasis, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and distant metastasis were positively related to expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA digestive cancers. In conclusion, our results suggested high expression of HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA was correlated with poor clinical outcomes and may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker for patients with digestive cancers.
•We investigate the linguistic MADM with the data of flexible linguistic expressions.•We present a linguistic distribution-based approach with interval estimations.•We estimate the lower and upper ...bounds of linguistic distribution approximations.•We demonstrate the effectiveness of the flexible linguistic MADM methods.
In linguistic multiple attribute decision making (MADM), flexible linguistic expressions can provide a general way to express complex preference data linguistically, which presents the challenge of handling such complex linguistic data. In this paper, we investigate the linguistic MADM with the concept of flexible linguistic expressions, and present a linguistic distribution-based approach with interval estimations to support the MADM with the data of flexible linguistic expressions. We first convert flexible linguistic expressions approximately to linguistic distributions through developing two models to estimate the lower and upper bounds of the approximated linguistic distributions’ expectations on the attribute level. Then, we generate the interval estimations of comprehensive values of approximated linguistic distributions on the alternative level, and propose the solution algorithm to support the linguistic MADM with flexible linguistic expressions. Finally, the numerical and comparative analysis is performed to illustrate and justify the flexible linguistic MADM methods.
Accumulating evidence indicates that bacterial metabolism plays an important role in virulence. Acetyl phosphate (AcP), the high-energy intermediate of the phosphotransacetylase-acetate kinase ...pathway, is the major acetyl donor in E. coli. PhoP is an essential transcription factor for bacterial virulence. Here, we show in Salmonella typhimurium that PhoP is non-enzymatically acetylated by AcP, which modifies its transcriptional activity, demonstrating that the acetylation of Lysine 102 (K102) is dependent on the intracellular AcP. The acetylation level of K102 decreases under PhoP-activating conditions including low magnesium, acid stress or following phagocytosis. Notably, in vitro assays show that K102 acetylation affects PhoP phosphorylation and inhibits its transcriptional activity. Both cell and mouse models show that K102 is critical to Salmonella virulence, and suggest acetylation is involved in regulating PhoP activity. Together, the current study highlights the importance of the metabolism in bacterial virulence, and shows AcP might be a key mediator.
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