Lead-halide perovskites have been attracting attention for potential use in solid-state lighting. Following the footsteps of solar cells, the field of perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) has ...been growing rapidly. Their application prospects in lighting, however, remain still uncertain due to a variety of shortcomings in device performance including their limited levels of luminous efficiency achievable thus far. Here we show high-efficiency PeLEDs based on colloidal perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) synthesized at room temperature possessing dominant first-order excitonic radiation (enabling a photoluminescence quantum yield of 71% in solid film), unlike in the case of bulk perovskites with slow electron–hole bimolecular radiative recombination (a second-order process). In these PeLEDs, by reaching charge balance in the recombination zone, we find that the Auger nonradiative recombination, with its significant role in emission quenching, is effectively suppressed in low driving current density range. In consequence, these devices reach a maximum external quantum efficiency of 12.9% and a power efficiency of 30.3 lm W–1 at luminance levels above 1000 cd m–2 as required for various applications. These findings suggest that, with feasible levels of device performance, the PeNCs hold great promise for their use in LED lighting and displays.
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising photovoltaic (PV) materials because of their widely tunable absorption spectrum controlled by nanocrystal size
. Their bandgap tunability allows not only ...the optimization of single-junction cells, but also the fabrication of multijunction cells that complement perovskites and silicon
. Advances in surface passivation
, combined with advances in device structures
, have contributed to certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) that rose to 11% in 2016
. Further gains in performance are available if the thickness of the devices can be increased to maximize the light harvesting at a high fill factor (FF). However, at present the active layer thickness is limited to ~300 nm by the concomitant photocarrier diffusion length. To date, CQD devices thicker than this typically exhibit decreases in short-circuit current (J
) and open-circuit voltage (V
), as seen in previous reports
. Here, we report a matrix engineering strategy for CQD solids that significantly enhances the photocarrier diffusion length. We find that a hybrid inorganic-amine coordinating complex enables us to generate a high-quality two-dimensionally (2D) confined inorganic matrix that programmes internanoparticle spacing at the atomic scale. This strategy enables the reduction of structural and energetic disorder in the solid and concurrent improvements in the CQD packing density and uniformity. Consequently, planar devices with a nearly doubled active layer thicknesses (~600 nm) and record values of J
(32 mA cm
) are fabricated. The V
improved as the current was increased. We demonstrate CQD solar cells with a certified record efficiency of 12%.
The Cluster of Differentiation 27 (CD27) is aberrantly expressed in multiple myeloma (MM) -derived. This expression facilitates the interaction between tumor and immune cells within TME via the ...CD27-CD70 pathway, resulting in immune evasion and subsequent tumor progression. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between CD27 expression and the prognosis of MM, and to elucidate its potential relationship with the immune microenvironment.
In this research, CD27 expression in T cells within the 82 newly diagnosed MM microenvironment was assessed via flow cytometry. We then examined the association between CD27 expression levels and patient survival. Subsequent a series of bioinformatics and in vitro experiments were conducted to reveal the role of CD27 in MM.
Clinical evidence suggests that elevated CD27 expression in T cells within the bone marrow serves as a negative prognostic marker for MM survival. Data analysis from the GEO database has demonstrated a strong association between MM-derived CD27 and the immune response, as well as the hematopoietic system. Importantly, patients with elevated levels of CD27 expression were also found to have an increased presence of MDSCs and macrophages in the bone marrow microenvironment. Furthermore, the PERK-ATF4 signaling pathway has been implicated in mediating the effects of CD27 in MM.
We revealed that CD27 expression levels serve as an indicative marker for the prognosis of MM patients. The CD27- PERK-ATF4 is a promising target for the treatment of MM.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells that remains incurable. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) acts as a stress-responsive signal, protecting mitochondria during proteasome inhibitor (PI) ...exposure, maintaining mitochondrial metabolism and increasing drug resistance in MM. However, the mechanism of TLR4 regulation remains elusive.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the methylation pattern of multiple myeloma and its effect on the expression of HNRNPA2B1 and downstream targets.
The methylation level in MM and normal bone marrow specimens was detected using a colorimetric assay. HNRNPA2B1 gene knockdown was achieved in RPMI 8226 MM cells via adenovirus transfection. CCK8 and flow cytometric assays were used to detect proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Transcriptome sequencing and m6A methylation MeRIP sequencing were applied, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected. Three independent NCBI GEO datasets were applied to examine the effects of HNRNPA2B1 and TLR4 expression on MM patient survival.
HNRNPA2B1 promoted MM progression. Clinical data from database revealed that HNRNPA2B1 was adverse prognostic factor for survival among MM patients. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing and methylation sequencing showed that HNRNPA2B1 recognized and was enriched at the m6A sites of TLR4 and TLR4 was down-regulated of both the m6A level and transcription level in HNRNPA2B1-knockdown MM cells. Moreover, TLR4 was an adverse survival prognostic factor based on database analysis.
Overall, our study implies that the RNA-binding protein HNRNPA2B1 increases cell proliferation and deregulates cell apoptosis in MM through TLR4 signaling. Our study suggests HNRNPA2B1 as a potential therapeutic target for MM.
Epstein-Barr virus-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (EBV+DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy that is largely resistant to current therapeutic regimens, and is an attractive target for ...immune-based therapies. Anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) antibodies showed encouraging anti-tumor effects in both preclinical models and advanced solid and hematological malignancies, but its efficacy against EBV+DLBCL is unknown. Herein, we performed experiments using co-culture system with T cells and lymphoma cell lines including EBV+DLBCL and EBV-DLBCL including germinal center B-cell like (GCB)-DLBCL and non-GCB-DLBCL in vitro. We show that lymphoma cells augmented the expression of PD-1 on T cells, decreased the proliferation of T cells, and altered the secretion of multiple cytokines. However, through PD-1 blockade, these functions could be largely restored. Notbaly, the effect of PD-1 blockade on antitumor immunity was more effective in EBV+DLBCL than that in EBV-DLBCL in vitro. These results suggest that T-cell exhaustion and immune escape in microenvironment is one of the mechanisms underlying DLBCL; and PD-1 blockade could present as a efficacious immunotherapeutic treatment for EBV+DLBCL.
In two-dimensional chiral metal-halide perovskites, chiral organic spacers endow structural and optical chirality to the metal-halide sublattice, enabling exquisite control of light, charge, and ...electron spin. The chiroptical properties of metal-halide perovskites have been measured by transmissive circular dichroism spectroscopy, which necessitates thin-film samples. Here, by developing a reflection-based approach, we characterize the intrinsic, circular polarization-dependent complex refractive index for a prototypical two-dimensional chiral lead-bromide perovskite and report large circular dichroism for single crystals. Comparison with ab initio theory reveals the large circular dichroism arises from the inorganic sublattice rather than the chiral ligand and is an excitonic phenomenon driven by electron-hole exchange interactions, which breaks the degeneracy of transitions between Rashba-Dresselhaus-split bands, resulting in a Cotton effect. Our study suggests that previous data for spin-coated films largely underestimate the optical chirality and provides quantitative insights into the intrinsic optical properties of chiral perovskites for chiroptical and spintronic applications.
Danshen, the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Labiatae) and honghua, the dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius L. (Compositae) as the herb pair was used to treat cardiovascular ...diseases (CVD).
To study the effects of DHHP on MIRI and mechanisms based on apoptosis and mitochondria.
36 SD rats (n = 6) were randomly divided into control group (Con), the ischaemia-reperfusion group (IR), positive control (Xinning tablets, XNT, 1 g/kg/d) and DHHP (1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 g/kg/d). Except for Con, the other groups were intragastrically administrated for 5 d, the rat hearts were isolated to establish the MIRI model in vitro for evaluating the effects of DHHP on MIRI. 24 SD rats (n = 6) were randomly divided into Con, IR, DPPH2.4 (2.4 g/kg/d) and DPPH 2.4 + Atractyloside (ATR) (2.4 + 5 mg/kg/d), administered intragastrically for 5 d, then treated with ATR (5 mg/kg/d) by intraperitoneal injection in DPPH2.4 + ATR group, took rat hearts to establish MIRI model in vitro for revealing mechanism.
Myocardial infarct sizes were, respectively, 0.35%, 40.09%, 15.84%, 30.13%, concentrations of NAD
+
(nmol/gw/w) were 144, 83, 119, and 88, respectively, in Con, IR, DHHP2.4, DHHP2.4 + ATR group. Cleaved caspase-3 were 0.3, 1.6, 0.5 and 1.3% and cleaved caspase-9 were 0.2, 1.1, 0.4 and 0.8%, respectively, in Con, IR, DHHP2.4 and DHHP2.4 + ATR group. The beneficial effects of DHHP on MIRI were reversed by ATR.
The improvement of MIRI by DHHP may be involved in inhibiting MPTP opening, decreasing oxidative damage, alleviating ischaemic injury and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the selenoprotein expression levels in gastric cancer patients. We enrolled 40 patients (29 males, 11 females) who were recently diagnosed with gastric ...cancer and 50 healthy people (30 males, 20 females) as controls. The expression of 25 selenoprotein genes (Dio1, Dio2, Dio3, Gpx1, Gpx2, Gpx3, Gpx4, Gpx6, SelH, SelI, SelK, SelM, SelN, SelO, SelP, SelS, SelT, SelV, SelW, SelX, Sel15, Sps2, TR1, TR2, and TR3) in human gastric cancer tissues, para-carcinoma tissues, adjacent normal gastric tissues, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes in the gastric cancer group and healthy control group was analyzed by qRT-PCR. Here, we showed that among the 25 selenoproteins, 13 selenoproteins in erythrocytes (Gpx1, Gpx4, Sel15, TR1, TR2, SelH, SelK, SelM, SelO, SelS, SelV, SelW, and Sps2), 15 selenoproteins in lymphocytes (Gpx1, Gpx4, Sel15, TR1, TR2, SelH, SelK, SelN, SelO, SelS, SelT, SelV, SelX, SelW, and Sps2) and 13 selenoproteins in gastric cancer and para-carcinoma tissues (Dio1, Dio2, Dio3, Gpx1, Gpx4, Sel15, SelH, SelK, SelM, SelS, SelT, SelW, and Sps2) were significantly decreased (
P
< 0.05) in the gastric cancer group compared to the control group. In summary, the decreasing expression of selenoprotein genes in gastric cancer patients play an important role in the gastric cancer, although further studies are needed to better understand our findings.
Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (
DHODH), one of the attractive targets for the development of immunosuppressive drugs, is also a potential target of anticancer drugs and anti-leukemic drugs. The ...development of promising
DHODH inhibitors is in high demand. Based on the unique binding mode of our previous reported 4-thiazolidinone derivatives, via molecular docking method, three new series 4-thiazolidinone derivatives were designed and synthesized as
DHODH inhibitors. The preliminary structure-activity relationship was investigated. Compound
of biphenyl series and compound
of amide series displayed IC
values of 1.32 μM and 1.45 μM, respectively. This research will provide valuable reference for the research of new structures of
DHODH inhibitors.
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