Widely used information diffusion models such as Independent Cascade Model, Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) and others fail to acknowledge that information is constantly subject to modification. ...Some aspects of information diffusion are best explained by network structural characteristics while in some cases strong influence comes from individual decisions. We introduce reinvention, the ability to modify information, as an individual level decision that affects the diffusion process as a whole. Based on a combination of constructs from the Diffusion of Innovations and the Critical Mass Theories, the present study advances the CMS (consume, modify, share) model which accounts for the interplay between network structure and human behavior and interactions. The model's building blocks include processes leading up to and following the formation of a critical mass of information adopters and disseminators. We examine the formation of an inflection point, information reach, sustainability of the diffusion process and collective value creation. The CMS model is tested on two directed networks and one undirected network, assuming weak or strong ties and applying constant and relative modification schemes. While all three networks are designed for disseminating new knowledge they differ in structural properties. Our findings suggest that modification enhances the diffusion of information in networks that support undirected connections and carries the biggest effect when information is shared via weak ties. Rogers' diffusion model and traditional information contagion models are fine tuned. Our results show that modifications not only contribute to a sustainable diffusion process, but also aid information in reaching remote areas of the network. The results point to the importance of cultivating weak ties, allowing reciprocal interaction among nodes and supporting the modification of information in promoting diffusion processes. These results have theoretical and practical implications for designing networks aimed at accelerating the creation and diffusion of information.
•Older adults prefer SDM or ISDM processes in health care based on specific factors.•Understanding relationship between doctor and patient impacts decision processes.•Information sharing approach ...between doctor and patient impacts decision processes.•Changes in information delivery approach impact health care professionals.•Transition to digital information sources will impact elderly population.
To examine the relationship between the media, through which medical information was made available (e.g. digital versus printed), and the patients’ desire to play an active part in a medical decision in an SDM or an ISDM-based process. The goal of this research was to expand knowledge concerning social and personal factors that affect and explain patients’ willingness to participate in the process.
A questionnaire was distributed in this empirical study of 103 third-age participants. A theoretical model formed the basis for the study and utilized a variety of factors from technology acceptance, as well as personal and environmental influences to investigate the likelihood of subjects preferring a certain decision-making approach. The research population included men and women aged 65 or older who resided in five assisted living facilities in Israel. The sample was split randomly into 2 groups. One group used digital information and the other print. A path analysis was conducted, using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) in AMOS SPSS, to determine the influence of the information mode of presentation on the patient’s choice of the SDM or ISDM model.
When digital media was accessible, the information’s perceived usefulness (PU) led participants to choose an ISDM-based process; this was not true with printed information. When information was available online, higher self-efficacy (SE) led participants to prefer an SDM-based process. When the information was available in print, a direct positive influence was found on the participant’s choice of SDM, while a direct negative influence was found on their choice of an ISDM-based process. PU was found to be affected by external peer influences, particularly when resources were made available in print. This meant that digital resources tended to be accepted at face value more readily. Cognitive absorption had a positive effect on the research variables only when the information was available digitally. The findings suggest the use of digital information may be related to cognitive functions of older adults, since the use of digital technology and information requires more cognitive effort.
The study illustrates factors that make patients choose SDM or ISDM-based processes in third-age populations. In general, the results suggest that, even though a physician may attempt to place the patient in the center of the decision process, printed information does not empower the patient in the same way that digital resources do. This may have wider ramifications if the patient does not buy into the treatment plan is and becomes less motivated to be compliant with the treatment. Another key contribution of this research is to identify processes that reflect information assessment and adoptions, and the behaviors related to medical decision making, both as a model and as a process. This study suggests what health care professionals should expect to see as the transition to more digital information sources becomes the norm among the elderly population. Future research is needed to examine this model under different conditions, and to check for other variables and mechanisms perceived as mediators in the choice of SDM or ISDM processes.
Abstract
This study set out to investigate how personal user traits and behavior and information cues influence the acquisition of online information for actionable decisions. The relationship ...between personal traits (risk propensity and individual information absorptive capacity), behavioral factors (perceived risk and willingness-to-pay) and informational cues (scenario risk level) was examined by conducting an experiment with 125 mid-level managers. Participants were exposed to high- and low-risk scenarios, given the opportunity to consume free and fee-based competitive information sources, and asked to make a managerial decision. Results of the Willingness-to-Pay (WTP) for information sources indicate: (i) a significant correlation between the perceived risk and WTP, (ii) a significant correlation between the perceived risk and the number of competitive intelligence information items bought, (iii) individual absorptive capacity has high internal reliability, and (iv) investment risk propensity and individual information absorptive capacity did not influence WTP or willingness-to-consume competitive intelligence information. Informational cues rather than personal traits impact decision makers' WTP and willingness to-consume competitive intelligence information. This suggests that best practices should be developed for the use of online information sources in decision-making calibrated to the risk level. Risk level indication may also aid to avoid biases stemming from under- or overuse of information.
Abstract
Information sources require consumers to use them in order to evaluate their quality, meaning that they are experience goods. The value perceived before acquisition and use may be different ...from the value obtained by actual use. Understanding the value perception gap is likely to inform more efficient selection of information sources. The current research studies the value gap in a learning situation. We examine information value perceptions before and after experiencing information in an experiment with 113 software engineers engaged in a problem-based learning task while using and evaluating three types of information sources: supportive, reflective and reciprocal. The results indicate that before using an information source, the subjective value for supportive information is lower than for reflective information. In addition, 55% of the participants preferred to obtain information when presented with a choice. After using an information source no correlation was observed between perceived value of information before and after the use of information source (value gap); participants assigned a higher user experience (UX) value to reflective and reciprocal information than to supportive information; positive correlation between UX value and revealed information value; positive correlation between learning achievement and revealed information value; Reciprocal information is associated with higher learning achievement than reflective and supportive; use of information led to higher learning achievement than avoidance of information. Reciprocal information supports high achievement in software engineering informal learning. Reflective information is valued higher than supportive information sources. If supportive information is essential, learning environments designers should invest heavily in interface design combining reciprocal and reflective elements, such as forums and "try it yourself", respectively
Aim: This commentary discusses the concept of ‘gamification’ as referred to implicitly or explicitly in the occupational therapy literature. Although occasionally noted to be a new frontier for ...occupational therapy, our analysis suggests that game mechanics and gamification elements are, in fact, a ‘road long traveled’ by occupational therapists and that gamification evokes the core aims and vision of occupational therapy. Gamification has been implicitly incorporated into the occupational therapy literature for years, and its benefit of enhancing therapeutic outcomes is evident in many instances. We contend that a more explicit use of the term gamification within the occupational therapy literature will lead to a framework in which both practitioners and researchers can structure and evaluate therapeutic outcomes.
Traditionally in clinics or hospitals, it is the staff (physician, nurses, and so forth) who would check the patient's health status (e.g., blood pressure, height, weight, body temperature, and so ...forth). However, when mobile apps are used as the point of contact between patients and healthcare providers, the self-monitoring of health status will be exposed to biases due to being done by common people. Therefore ‘self-report reliability’ becomes an essential factor in the mobile healthcare context. Drawing on ‘technology identity’ and ‘technology self-efficacy’ literature, we theorized that perceived mobile technology identity directly affects self-report reliability, and perceived self-efficacy moderates the relationship between the two. A sample of patients from a clinic who completed a survey and self-reported their health status using a mobile health app was collected. The results of the analyses suggest that academic education affects the reliability of self-reports. In addition, patients aged 61 and above were more accurate in reporting their health status. Moreover, we found that self-efficacy improves the accuracy of self-reports and moderates the effect of mobile technology identity on self-report reliability. The findings of this paper contribute to the ongoing research around mobile healthcare application use and issues surrounding this phenomenon.
•This paper contributes to “Quantified Self” and “Mobile Healthcare” literature.•Patients holding academic degree reported themselves with higher accuracy.•Patients aged 61 + reported blood pressure with higher accuracy compared to 31–60.•Patients aged 18–30 reported blood pressure with higher accuracy compared to 31–60.•Self-efficacy moderates the effect of mobile identity on self-report reliability.
The current empirical study examines relationships between network measures and learning performance from a social network analysis perspective. We collected computerized, networking data to analyze ...how 401 junior high students connected to classroom peers using text- and video-based material on iPads. Following a period of computerized interaction, learning assessments were taken at individual or group consensus levels. Social network analysis suggested highly connected students became information sources with higher individual assessment achievements. Students receiving information from central sources exhibited higher achievements in group consensus treatments. Students acting as bridges between others on the network regulated themselves better and achieved higher academic outcomes. However, a subset of students were motivated by social interaction rather than learning task. This finding, consistent with general social networking research, cautions educators to ensure socializing does not override learning objectives when using classroom social networking.
Widely used information diffusion models such as Independent Cascade Model, Susceptible Infected Recovered (SIR) and others fail to acknowledge that information is constantly subject to modification. ...Some aspects of information diffusion are best explained by network structural characteristics while in some cases strong influence comes from individual decisions. We introduce reinvention, the ability to modify information, as an individual level decision that affects the diffusion process as a whole. Based on a combination of constructs from the Diffusion of Innovations and the Critical Mass Theories, the present study advances the CMS (consume, modify, share) model which accounts for the interplay between network structure and human behavior and interactions. The model's building blocks include processes leading up to and following the formation of a critical mass of information adopters and disseminators. We examine the formation of an inflection point, information reach, sustainability of the diffusion process and collective value creation. The CMS model is tested on two directed networks and one undirected network, assuming weak or strong ties and applying constant and relative modification schemes. While all three networks are designed for disseminating new knowledge they differ in structural properties. Our findings suggest that modification enhances the diffusion of information in networks that support undirected connections and carries the biggest effect when information is shared via weak ties. Rogers' diffusion model and traditional information contagion models are fine tuned. Our results show that modifications not only contribute to a sustainable diffusion process, but also aid information in reaching remote areas of the network. The results point to the importance of cultivating weak ties, allowing reciprocal interaction among nodes and supporting the modification of information in promoting diffusion processes. These results have theoretical and practical implications for designing networks aimed at accelerating the creation and diffusion of information.
Prior research has shown that social interaction is important for continuation of question‐and‐answer (Q&A) activity online and that it also leads to monetary rewards. The present research focuses on ...the link between social interaction and the value of information. Expressions of self‐presentation in the interaction between askers and answerers online are studied as antecedents for answer feedback which represents the value of the answer to the asker. This relationship is examined in a Q&A site, specifically, in Google Answers (GA). The results of content analysis performed on sets of questions and answers show that both explicit and implicit social cues are used by the site's participants; however, only implicit expressions of self‐presentation are related to the provision of social and monetary feedback, ratings, and tips. This finding highlights the importance of implicit cues in textual communication and lends support to the notion of social capital where both monetary and social forms of feedback are the result of interaction online.
Generating sustainable business value from information services is challenging on the web where free information and zero-switching costs are the norm. This study examines the role of free comments ...given in a commercial information service through the lens of the expectation-confirmation theory and continuance. Data from a question and answer web site are analyzed by structural equations modeling to test the theoretical model whereby customer satisfaction is key to continuance and is predicted largely by social interaction that takes place on the site. The model is supported by the field data retrieved from the site. The data show that people came with equal expectations, received equal service, and continued to use the system if they were satisfied with it. Satisfaction was predicted by conversation. Free activity emerges as an integral part of the service in a fee-based information market, improving satisfaction and continuance, and thereby leading to measurable outcomes for the commercial owners of the site. The findings, based on unobtrusive field data rather than self-report questionnaires, extend expectation confirmation theory by adding a social dimension to it.
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