Summary
There is wide consensus that the agricultural and forestry sectors play an important role in the provision of public benefits. Major changes are envisaged by some in the future developments ...of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) regarding the provision of these benefits. However, while policy can be a powerful driver for change, it is often not sufficient to trigger action by itself; new approaches are required to increase the engagement and commitment of actors in this field. The PEGASUS project aimed to understand new ways of thinking about the way farmland and forests are managed to stimulate long‐lasting improvement in the provision of public benefits in the EU. Since the private sector is already actively involved in securing the provision of public benefits e.g. through premium price mechanisms, this article seeks to outline private sector actions for the more effective provision of public benefits arising from EU farmland and forests. The article suggests a number of approaches to be considered when developing policy that seeks to encourage the involvement of the private sector.
Il est largement reconnu que les secteurs agricole et forestier jouent un rôle important dans la fourniture d'avantages d'intérêt public. Certains envisagent des changements importants pour l'avenir de la politique agricole commune (PAC) concernant la fourniture de ces avantages. Cependant, si la politique peut être un puissant moteur, elle n'est souvent pas suffisante pour déclencher par elle‐même un changement concret; de nouvelles approches sont nécessaires pour accroître la participation et l'engagement des acteurs dans ce domaine. Le projet PEGASUS visait à comprendre les nouvelles façons de penser sur la manière de gérer les terres agricoles et les forêts pour stimuler une amélioration durable de la fourniture d'avantages d'intérêt public dans l'Union européenne. Compte tenu de la participation déjà active du secteur privé à la fourniture de ces avantages, par exemple grâce à des mécanismes de prime de prix, l'article cherche à définir les actions du secteur privé pour une fourniture plus efficace des avantages d'intérêt public découlant des terres agricoles et des forêts de l'Union européenne. L'article suggère un certain nombre d'approches à prendre en compte lors de l’élaboration d'une politique visant à encourager la participation du secteur privé.
Es besteht eine weitgehende Übereinstimmung darüber, dass die Land‐ und Forstwirtschaft eine wichtige Rolle in der Bereitstellung gesellschaftlicher Leistungen spielt. Einige der zukünftigen Entwicklungen der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) sehen wesentliche Änderungen in Bezug auf die Bereitstellung dieser Leistungen vor. Obwohl die Politik ein starker Treiber für Veränderungen sein kann, reicht sie häufig nicht aus, um allein Aktionen anzustoßen; es werden neue Ansätze benötigt, um das Engagement von Akteuren in diesem Bereich zu fördern. Das PEGASUS‐Projekt hatte das Ziel, neue Denkansätze über die Art und Weise wie Acker‐ und Forstflächen bewirtschaftet werden, zu verstehen, um so langfristige Verbesserungen in der Bereitstellung von gesellschaftlichen Leistungen in der EU zu fördern. Da der Privatsektor bereits in die Sicherung der Bereitstellung gesellschaftlicher Leistungen involviert ist, z. B. durch bestimmte Preismechanismen, werden in dem Artikel Maßnahmen des Privatsektors für die effektivere Bereitstellung gesellschaftlicher Leistungen aus Acker‐ und Forstflächen der EU aufgezeigt. Es wird eine Reihe von Ansätzen vorgeschlagen, die bei der Entwicklung von Politiken zur Förderung der Einbeziehung des Privatsektors berücksichtigt werden sollten.
There is wide consensus that the agricultural and forestry sectors play an important role in the provision of public benefits. Major changes are envisaged by some in the future developments of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) regarding the provision of these benefits. However, while policy can be a powerful driver for change, it is often not sufficient to trigger action by itself; new approaches are required to increase the engagement and commitment of actors in this field. The PEGASUS project aimed to understand new ways of thinking about the way farmland and forests are managed to stimulate long‐lasting improvement in the provision of public benefits in the EU.
Summary
More environmentally sensitive management of farmland and forestry is needed in Europe in response to increasing public demand and to meet the requirements of EU legislation for example on ...biodiversity. However, the provision of environmental and social public goods from farmland and forestry is not increasing at the required pace. A step change in approach is required: the opportunity could be provided by the current debate on adopting a more performance focussed model of the Common Agricultural Policy. Current policy mechanisms, including regulation and a range of incentives to individual farmers, meet part of the need but are not sufficient. Detailed analysis of 34 cases across the EU has convinced us that a new approach based on greater engagement with a wider range of key actors through collective actions could have greater ambition. It could aim for greater scale, longevity and coherence of action across a territory or along a supply chain. Building trust and establishing the right form of governance for highly diverse networks and types of cooperation is vital. Commercial actors in the supply chain could play a larger role. Links between flexible and extended forms of policy support, including for new initiatives, multi‐stakeholder partnerships and projects and for facilitators, will be needed.
Afin de répondre aux attentes sociétales et de satisfaire aux exigences de la législation de l'Union européenne, par exemple en matière de biodiversité, les terres agricoles et les forêts en Europe doivent être gérées de façon plus respectueuse de l'environnement. Cependant, la fourniture de biens publics environnementaux et sociaux par les terres agricoles et les forêts n'augmentent pas suffisamment pour satisfaire les attentes. Un changement d'approche majeur s'impose: une occasion pourrait s'ouvrir avec le débat actuel sur l'adoption, pour la politique agricole commune, d'un modèle plus axé sur la performance. Les mécanismes de politique actuels, notamment la réglementation et la gamme d'incitations adressées aux agriculteurs individuels, répondent à une partie des besoins mais ne sont pas suffisants. Une analyse détaillée de 34 études de cas à travers l'Union européenne nous a convaincus qu'une nouvelle approche fondée sur un engagement plus important, impliquant un plus large éventail d'acteurs clés à travers des actions collectives, pourrait avoir une portée plus ambitieuse. Cette approche pourrait viser une plus grande échelle, longévité et cohérence des actions entreprises sur un territoire ou le long d'une chaîne d'approvisionnement. Construire la confiance et établir la bonne forme de gouvernance pour des réseaux et des types de partenariats très diversifiés est vital. Les acteurs commerciaux de la chaîne d'approvisionnement pourraient jouer un plus grand rôle. Il faudra établir des liens entre des formes souples et étendues de soutien public, notamment pour de nouvelles initiatives, des partenariats et projets multipartites, et pour les facilitateurs.
Europa braucht eine umweltbewusstere Bewirtschaftung von Acker‐ und Forstflächen, um der steigenden öffentlichen Nachfrage gerecht zu werden und um den Erfordernissen der EU‐Rechtsprechung z. B. hinsichtlich der Biodiversität zu entsprechen. Die Bereitstellung von öffentlichen Gütern im Umwelt‐ und Sozialbereich aus Acker‐ und Forstflächen nimmt jedoch nicht in der erforderlichen Geschwindigkeit zu. Es ist ein deutlicher Wandel im Vorgehen notwendig: Eine Gelegenheit hierfür könnte sich aus der aktuellen Diskussion zur Umsetzung eines eher leistungsorientierten Modells der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik ergeben. Die aktuellen Politikmechanismen, einschließlich Regulierung und einer Reihe von Anreizen für einzelne landwirtschaftliche Betriebe, decken zwar einen Teil des Bedarfs, sind aber nicht ausreichend. Eine detaillierte Analyse von 34 Fällen in der gesamten EU hat uns davon überzeugt, dass ein neuer Ansatz, der auf einem stärkerem Engagement einer großen Vielzahl von wichtigen Akteuren und gemeinsamen Handeln beruht, erfolgreicher sein könnte. Dieser könnte auf eine größere Reichweite, Langlebigkeit und Kohärenz der Maßnahmen in einem Gebiet oder entlang einer Versorgungskette abzielen. Dafür ist es unumgänglich, Vertrauen aufzubauen und die richtige Form der Lenkung der sehr unterschiedlichen Netzwerke und Kooperationstypen zu finden. Kommerzielle Akteure in der Versorgungskette könnten eine größere Rolle spielen. Es werden Verbindungen zwischen flexiblen und breiteren Formen der Politikunterstützung, einschließlich neuen Initiativen, Multi‐Stakeholder‐Partnerschaften und Projekte und Moderatoren, benötigt.
More environmentally sensitive management of farmland and forestry is needed in Europe in response to increasing public demand and to meet the requirements of EU legislation for example on biodiversity. However, the provision of environmental and social public goods from farmland and forestry is not increasing at the required pace. A step change in approach is required: the opportunity could be provided by the current debate on adopting a more performance focussed model of the Common Agricultural Policy. Current policy mechanisms, including regulation and a range of incentives to individual farmers, meet part of the need but are not sufficient.
The goal of this article is to assess the agricultural policies of eight countries from the former Soviet Union. They hold great potential for agricultural production, and some are relatively ...unanalysed from the point of view of agricultural policy. The analysis was conducted using qualitative and quantitative evidence. The key challenges facing the region are food security and competitiveness. Policy approaches range from strong interventionism to almost complete liberalisation. Budgetary support is relatively low compared to EU and OECD averages. Transfers to producers dominate (especially input subsidies and on-farm investment support) in all countries, and support to rural development and general services is weak. While prices for crops are near world prices, prices for animal products are fairly high in some countries, indicating high developmental needs. It is possible to discern four broad clusters of countries.
In this perspective analysis, we strive to answer the following question: how can we advance integrative biology research in the 21st century with lessons from animal science? At the University of ...Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Animal Science, we share here our three lessons learned in the two decades from 2002 to 2022 that we believe could inform integrative biology, systems science, and animal science scholarship in other countries and geographies. Cultivating multiomics knowledge through a conceptual lens of integrative biology is crucial for life sciences research that can stand the test of diverse biological, clinical, and ecological contexts. Moreover, in an era of the current COVID-19 pandemic, animal nutrition and animal science, and the study of their interactions with human health (and vice versa) through integrative biology approaches hold enormous prospects and significance for systems medicine and ecosystem health.
Namen prispevka je ovrednotiti upravljanje s krajinskimi značilnostmi v Sloveniji in opredeliti ključne potrebe na področju njihove identifikacije, ukrepov in podpornih sistemov za njihovo ...ohranjanje. Instrumenti kmetijske politike še ne omogočajo ohranjanja krajinskih značilnosti v zadostni meri in so deloma celo spodbudili njihovo izginjanje. Glavni oviri pri oblikovanju učinkovitejših ukrepov sta pomanjkanje podatkovnih virov in neupravičenost večine krajinskih značilnosti do dohodkovnih podpor. Predlagane izboljšave vključujejo natančnejšo opredelitev krajinskih značilnosti, vključitev v ukrepe z jasno intervencijsko logiko ter okrepitev podatkovnih baz in sistemov spremljanja. Prizadevati si je treba tudi za zapolnitev vrzeli v znanju, ki so povezane s tipologijo krajinskih značilnosti, njihovimi interakcijami s kmetijskimi ekosistemi in pristopi k njihovemu dolgoročnemu ohranjanju.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the management of landscape features in Slovenia and to identify key needs in terms of their identification, measures and support systems for their conservation. Agricultural policy instruments do not yet allow for the preservation of landscape features (LF) to a sufficient extent and have partly also encouraged their removal. The main obstacles to forming effective public interventions to conserve LF are the lack of data sources and ineligibility of most landscape features for income support. Consequently, a more precise definition of LF, incorporation into measures with a clear intervention logic and the strengthening of databases and monitoring systems are needed. Knowledge gaps related to LF typology, their interactions with agricultural ecosystems and approaches to long-term preservation should also be addressed.
The paper presents the agriculture and agricultural policies of eight countries emerging from the former Soviet Union: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia, Georgia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. ...These countries hold a great agricultural production potential; nevertheless, some of them are still relatively unanalysed from the point of view of agricultural policy. One of the aims was to find out whether and how policies are converging, considering recent geopolitical developments. Policy analysis was conducted qualitatively (document analysis and literature review) and quantitatively by applying the OECD PSE approach to analyse sector policy support. The quantitative analysis of the agri-food sector was based on the data collected in the framework of the AGRICISTRADE project.
The key issues in the region are food security and competitiveness; policy approaches range from strong interventionism to almost complete liberalisation. Budgetary support is relatively low compared to averages for EU and OECD countries. Transfers to producers dominate in all countries, especially input subsidies and on-farm investment support, whereas the support to rural development and for general services is weak. While the prices for crops are near world prices, prices for animal products are fairly high in some countries, indicating high developmental needs. Based on the results of the analysis, it is possible to discern four rough political/economic clusters of countries: Transcaucasia countries, Russia and Kazakhstan,Ukraine and Moldova and Belarus.
This report provides an analysis of agricultural policy developments and the EU approximation process in the Western Balkan area. Quantitative analysis of agricultural policy developments was ...performed using data on budgetary support for agriculture, systematised according to the Agricultural Policy Measures (APM) classification scheme, a uniform classification of agricultural budgetary support enabling comparison of the scope and structure of budgetary support for agriculture between WB countries/territories and the EU. The report concludes that in WB countries/territories, agriculture is an important sector for the national economies, but with a declining tendency. Significant progress has been made in recent years in aligning long-term programming documents and administrative infrastructure with EU requirements. In most WB countries/territories, the composition of direct support for producers has not changed much since 2013. Funds for structural and rural development measures are generally low and fluctuate considerably from year to year. Support for improving the environment and the countryside is insignificant. Decoupled payments represent almost 90% of direct payments to EU producers. There are no such payments in the WB countries/territories.
This report provides an analysis of agricultural policy developments and the EU approximation process in the Western Balkan area. Quantitative analysis of agricultural policy developments was ...performed using data on budgetary support for agriculture, systematised according to the Agricultural Policy Measures (APM) classification scheme, a uniform classification of agricultural budgetary support enabling comparison of the scope and structure of budgetary support for agriculture between WB countries/territories and the EU. The report concludes that in WB countries/territories, agriculture is an important sector for the national economies, but with a declining tendency. Significant progress has been made in recent years in aligning long-term programming documents and administrative infrastructure with EU requirements. In most WB countries/territories, the composition of direct support for producers has not changed much since 2013. Funds for structural and rural development measures are generally low and fluctuate considerably from year to year. Support for improving the environment and the countryside is insignificant. Decoupled payments represent almost 90% of direct payments to EU producers. There are no such payments in the WB countries/territories.
Every year the European Commission provides mid-term projections for agricultural markets. These projections are reported for the EU-28 aggregate and split into EU-15 and EU-N13 to reflect the ...diversity existing between the pre- and post-2004 Member States. However, the diversity of European agriculture goes beyond these two aggregates. This report presents the results of projections for agricultural markets in the EU Member States by 2026, generated using the AGMEMOD (Agriculture Member State Modelling) model. The projections are consistent with the European Commission's 2016 Mid-Term Outlook and represent production, consumption, yields, and trade for the main commodity groups (cereals, oilseeds, dairy and meats). In addition, the main characteristics of the model and the partnership that manages it are described. The report also provides examples of further analysis that can be performed with AGMEMOD in terms of country- or region-specific developments, focusing on agricultural markets in the EU-N13, and in terms of the relations between a single Member State and the rest of the EU, in this case focusing on the United Kingdom and the EU. Furthermore, an analysis of the implementation of coupled support in the EU Member States is presented. The report finishes with some testimonies of policy makers about the role AGMEMOD plays in their policy analysis, and sketching how AGMEMOD might develop in the mid-term.
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