Good interpersonal cooperation is necessary for the efficient and effective work of any organization, institution, program, project or team. Conflicts are an inevitable companion of good ...interpersonal relations and cooperation. Effective resolution of conflicts within any organization, including healthcare organizations, should be a priority due to their direct impact on the quality of healthcare provided. The paper aims to examine the influence of interpersonal health workers on the effectiveness of the health institutions where they are employed. The paper examines whether employees in a healthcare facility are exposed to conflict situations, as well as whether there is a connection between conflicts such as negative interpersonal relationships and business efficiency, i.e., the provision of healthcare services. Furthermore, the paper examines the differences between the conflict and the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents. The research was conducted in the Healthcare center in Zvečan (Kosovska Mitrovica) through a survey. The research sample (N=103) consisted of employees in the aforementioned health institution.
The current acceptance of value orientations by adolescents, changes in acceptance over time, and the connection with changes in social relations are undoubtedly of special interest to researchers, ...as well as certain segments of society. In this article, the results of the acceptance of the same value orientations at seven points in time, published in the works of different authors starting from 1972 as the first year in which data were available, were compared with the results of their acceptance at the eighth point, i.e., in 2018. The 2018 results were obtained by the author of this article, on a random sample of 832 secondary school students in Belgrade, with the same value orientations as in the previous seven papers: utilitarianism, hedonism, altruism, and activism. The number and type of value orientations are limited by the need to have the same ones throughout the time interval so that comparison is possible. The aim of the paper was: a) to determine the degree of desirability of these value orientations at the time of the research, and b) to determine the desirability changes and possible connection with social changes in the period from 1972 to 2018 (period of 46 years) by comparing the desirability of these value orientations in the same period. The data in previous surveys, before 2018, allowed comparison only in the mean values and calculation of the significance of the differences in them. The results obtained in that way showed the relative stability over time of the hedonic value orientation, a significant increase in the utilitarian value orientation and a significant decrease in the activist and altruistic value orientations. A logical analysis of these changes established their correspondence to the nature and the direction of changes in social relations in that period.
Widespread possession of firearms, both legal and illegal, is one of the greatest threats to human security in the modern age. This problem can be linked to various forms of structural and cultural ...violence, especially for vulnerable and marginalized groups, but it may also be an indicator of socioeconomic differences in society, and a reduced confidence in the ability of institutions to provide them with security. This research shows that, despite the fact that domestic violence and partnership relations do not make up the use of firearms, the widespread possession of firearms is a specific marker in assessing the risk of domestic violence and an institutional response to it in accordance with the Law on the Prevention of Violence in the family. It can be concluded that domestic violence, as a form of gender-based violence, is a complex phenomenon that requires customized measures for its prevention and suppression. Currently, potential barriers to an effective social response to this problem include: the lack of sensitivity of policy makers to the misuse of firearms in the context of gender-based violence; increasing tension in the region and re-focusing on firearms as a means of personal defense. Removing unlawfully held firearms and preventing its abuse requires a long-term strategy, complete and decisive political will and complex solutions.
Adolescent Peer Groups And Drug Abuse Radovanović, Ivana D; Spasić, Danijela V; Radovanović, Dobrivoje M
Sociološki preglad,
2019, 2019-00-00, Letnik:
53, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Drug abuse is an important problem of the modern age. Impact that drug abuse has on society, the state and the health of individuals requires fundamental and urgent scientific research on all its ...aspects. Research into the etiology of drug abuse in the youth population in Serbia is one of such projects. This research was carried out on a representative sample of 1,287 secondary school students in Belgrade, divided into two groups: drug abusers and those who do not have contact with drugs. The aim of this paper was to identify risk factors within peer groups that could have a predictive value and serve as a basis for preventive interventions. Data analysis was done with canonical discriminant analysis, separately for boys and girls. The results of the study have shown that among adolescents there are three forms of drug abuse: 1) use only, 2) use and distribution, and 3) drug distribution only. The predicates of these behaviors belonging to peer groups are: the pressure by group on members to use drugs, the perception of an individual that members of the group use drugs, the use of alcohol in the group, the involvement of certain members of the group in crime, and the positive attitude of members of the group towards law violations. Predictive effects of these variables vary depending on the type of drug abuse and of the gender of respondents.
Cerebral edema in drug addicts Darusi, Dragana J; Radulović, Danka M; Radovanović, Ivana D
Vojnosanitetski pregled,
06/2014, Letnik:
71, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Odprti dostop
The effect of drugs leaves permanent consequences on the brain, organic in type, followed by numerous manifestations, and it significantly affects the development of mental dysfunctions. The ...clinicians are often given a task to estimate a patient's personality during treatment or during experts estimate of a drug addict. The aim of this research was to determine the differences, if any, in characteristics of addicts experience and personality traits in drug addicts with or without cerebral edema.
The research was conducted on a sample of 252 male drug addicts, the average age of 23.3 (SD = 4.3) years. Cerebral edema was confirmed on magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain performed during the treatment of the addicts. The participants were tested by the psychologists using Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-201) test, and the data were processed using canonical discriminate analysis within the SPSS program. The dependent variable in the study was cerebral edema. A block of independent variables, designed for the requirements of this study, consisted of two subgroups. The first one consisted of 12 variables describing the relevant characteristics of drug abuse. The second subgroup consisted of 8 psychopathological tendencies in the personality defined by the mentioned test.
Cerebral edema was confirmed in 52 (20.63%) of the drug addicts. The differences between the groups of drug addicts with and without cerebral edema were determined in the following: the time span of taking drugs (0.301), use of alcohol parallel with drugs (0.466), and treatment for addiction (0.603). In the drug addicts with a cerebral edema, MMPI-201 confirmed the increase in the scales for hypochondria, psychopathic deviations and psychastenia, and the decrease in the scales for schizophrenia and depression.
Our study confirmed a possible connection between cerebral edema and personality traits in a number of the examined drug addicts. Considering the fact that practice often requires personality estimation, regardless whether it is about treatment or expert's estimate, it is necessary to further research in this direction.
The local community represents a context in which a real quality of social life can be researched. One of the life quality indicators is a degree of satisfying security needs of citizens. Among the ...resources which the local community engages to solve these needs, the police occupy the key position. Within the model of police engagement in the local community, the concept of
community policing
has great significance as a qualitatively new system of the police organization and functioning based on the correlation between the citizens’ expectations and what the police really do. By interviewing 750 respondents in five communities in Serbia, in which this policing strategy is being realized, their security needs are being determined. The research results indicate that the citizens of the researched communities are concerned about the extent and intensity of the different forms of violence and all forms of social behavior which jeopardize the security of their families. They recognize the police as a local community resource in charge of solving their security needs and they point out the necessity of undertaking preventive activities. The following factors are noticed as the limitation factors: lack of interdepartmental cooperation within the police services and insufficient local community involvement in problem solving.
Hunter-gatherer/farmer contact in the Iron Gates region is re-examined in view of recent archaeological research, and the social dynamics, population movements and interactions of small scale ...societies. Full, non-hostile interaction between hunter-gatherers and farmers in the Iron Gates region is proposed for the mid- 7th millennium calBC, followed by hunter-gatherer encapsulation at the end 7th millennium calBC. The lack of archaeological records on the Central Balkan Postglacial and Early Holocene hunter-gatherers is highlighted as a major obstacle to fully understanding cultural transformations, including the Neolithic transition, in this region.
Abstract
Background
Antibiotic prophylaxis that covers enteric pathogens is essential in preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) after colorectal surgery. Current prophylaxis regimens do not cover ...extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE). We aimed to determine whether the risk of SSI following colorectal surgery is higher in ESBL-PE carriers than in noncarriers.
Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study of patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery in 3 hospitals in Israel, Switzerland, and Serbia between 2012 and 2017. We included patients who were aged ≥18 years, were screened for ESBL-PE carriage before surgery, received routine prophylaxis with a cephalosporin plus metronidazole, and did not have an infection at the time of surgery. The exposed group was composed of ESBL-PE–positive patients. The unexposed group was a random sample of ESBL-PE–negative patients. We collected data on patient and surgery characteristics and SSI outcomes. We fit logistic mixed effects models with study site as a random effect.
Results
A total of 3600 patients were screened for ESBL-PE; 13.8% were carriers SSIs occurred in 55/220 carriers (24.8%) and 49/440 noncarriers (11.1%, P < .001). In multivariable analysis, ESBL-PE carriage more than doubled the risk of SSI (odds ratio OR, 2.36; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.50–3.71). Carriers had higher risk of deep SSI (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.27–3.99). SSI caused by ESBL-PE occurred in 7.2% of carriers and 1.6% of noncarriers (OR, 4.23; 95% CI, 1.70–10.56).
Conclusions
ESBL-PE carriers who receive cephalosporin-based prophylaxis are at increased risk of SSI following colorectal surgery.
Standard antibiotic prophylaxis administered before colorectal surgery does not cover extended-spectrum beta-lactamase–producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE). We found that ESBL-PE carriers have more than twice the risk of noncarriers of developing surgical site infection following colorectal surgery.
The aim of this paper was to determine if there are significant differences in the variables of the local and general environment between adolescents who have not had any contact with drugs and those ...who use and distribute drugs. The examination of these differences was carried out on a two-stage random sample of 1286 high school students in Belgrade, of both sexes, between the ages of 15 and 19. All data were collected by a specially constructed questionnaire in a completely anonymous situation. Analysis of the data on the differences between drug-free and drug-using adolescents was performed by canonical discriminant analysis, especially for boys and especially for girls. In the difference analysis, one significant discriminative function was obtained for boys, whose canonical correlation was of the order of .616. That function is defined by the easy availability of drugs in the local environment, but some other variables of the local and general environment also played a significant role in the structure of that function. For girls, one discriminative function was also isolated, with the correlation of .540. That function is also defined by the ease of availability of the drug. In the structure of that function, certain differences can be observed in relation to this structure in boys. Research data undoubtedly show that when choosing preventive interventions, special attention must be paid to the form of abuse that manifests itself as the simultaneous use and distribution of drugs, and to the factors from these two environments that influence the behavior.
The current acceptance of value orientations by adolescents, changes in acceptance over time, and the connection with changes in social relations are undoubtedly of special interest to researchers, ...as well as certain segments of society. In this article, the results of the acceptance of the same value orientations at seven points in time, published in the works of different authors starting from 1972 as the first year in which data were available, were compared with the results of their acceptance at the eighth point, i.e., in 2018. The 2018 results were obtained by the author of this article, on a random sample of 832 secondary school students in Belgrade, with the same value orientations as in the previous seven papers: utilitarianism, hedonism, altruism, and activism. The number and type of value orientations are limited by the need to have the same ones throughout the time interval so that comparison is possible. The aim of the paper was: a) to determine the degree of desirability of these value orientations at the time of the research, and b) to determine the desirability changes and possible connection with social changes in the period from 1972 to 2018 (period of 46 years) by comparing the desirability of these value orientations in the same period. The data in previous surveys, before 2018, allowed comparison only in the mean values and calculation of the significance of the differences in them. The results obtained in that way showed the relative stability over time of the hedonic value orientation, a significant increase in the utilitarian value orientation and a significant decrease in the activist and altruistic value orientations. A logical analysis of these changes established their correspondence to the nature and the direction of changes in social relations in that period.
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