Monocytes and macrophages express cell-surface markers indicative of their inflammatory and activation status. In this study, we investigated whether these markers are affected or correlated in ...non-obese T2D subjects, or glycemic/metabolic control variables.
Clinical data was recorded, and peripheral blood drawn from T2D patients (n = 28) and control subjects (n = 27). Isolated monocytes were evaluated by flow cytometry for the expression of CD14, CD16, and the phenotypic markers for the different states of activation spectrum, such as pro-inflammatory (M1) (HLA-DR, CD86), anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving (M2) (CD163, CD206, MERTK, PD-L1) and metabolically-activated (MMe) (CD36, ABCA-1). From a subset of individuals, monocytes-derived macrophages (MDM) were obtained and evaluated for phenotypic markers. A correlation analysis was performed between the clinical variables and the marker expression.
The frequency of CD14++CD16− monocytes was lower in T2D patients and it correlates negatively with poor control in glycemic and metabolic variables. T2D monocytes expressed lower levels of HLA-DR, CD86, PD-L1, and CD163, which correlated negatively with poor metabolic control. In MDM from T2D patients, HLA-DR, CD86 and CD163 expression was lower and it inversely correlated with deficient glycemic or metabolic control parameters.
The glycemic/metabolic control associated with T2D influences monocyte and MDM phenotypes toward an immune-suppressive phenotype.
•The frequency of classical monocytes (CM) is lower in monocytes from T2D patients.•Glycemic and metabolic control negatively correlates with CM frequencies.•In T2D, monocytes/MDM show lower M1 and M2 markers expression without changes in MMe.•Poor metabolic control influences HLA-DR, CD86, and CD163 expression (monos and MDM).
Aim
To investigate, retrospectively over a 1‐ to 16‐year follow‐up period, the strength and independence of the association of different patient‐, tooth‐ and surgery‐related prognostic variables with ...the outcome of periradicular surgery.
Methodology
The study cohort included 171 teeth in 154 subjects. Clinical and radiographic measures along with the follow‐up period were used to determine the healing outcome. For statistical analysis, results were dichotomized into healed/healing versus asymptomatic function/persistent disease cases. The association between candidate prognostic variables and asymptomatic function/persistent disease was analysed individually and adjusted for confounding using a multivariate binary logistic regression model.
Results
The percentage of success (healed/healing cases) was found to be 83.6%, whereas the percentage of failure (asymptomatic function/persistent disease cases) was found to be 16.4%. Whilst univariate analysis revealed a positive association of the presence of preoperative signs/symptoms, unsatisfactory quality of the coronal restoration, pronounced root‐end resection bevel and inadequate quality of root‐end filling with asymptomatic function/persistent disease, after multivariate binary logistic regression analysis only the unsatisfactory quality of the coronal restoration and inadequate quality of root‐end filling were strongly and independently associated with disease status. Confounding and interaction effects between candidate prognostic variables was noted.
Conclusions
The findings of this study suggest that whilst the quality of both the coronal restoration and the root‐end filling might be the foremost prognostic variables in periradicular surgery, there are synergistic biological interactive and mutually confounding effects with respect to root‐end resection bevel and preoperative signs and/or symptoms that may be also associated with an increased proportion of failures after periradicular surgery.
The first results obtained by the ACP experiment onboard Huygens probe revealed that the main products obtained after thermolysis of Titan's collected aerosols, were ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen ...cyanide (HCN). Titan's aerosols, and their laboratory analogues named tholins, have been the subject of experimental or theoretical studies during the last four decades. These studies have been mainly devoted to understanding their origin and formation mechanisms, their physical, chemical and optical properties, and their role in the radiative equilibrium of the satellite. Before the arrival of the Cassini–Huygens mission, the dense layer of aerosols hid many aspects of the satellite's surface and precious information about its composition.
If Titan's aerosols have been in the eye and mind of planetary scientists during such a long time, it is not surprising that a literature survey displays a good quantity of papers on aerosol analogues. With aerosol analogues we mean any material produced in a terrestrial laboratory under conditions that try to represent those of Titan's atmosphere. We present here a study aimed to understand the particularities of aerosol analogues synthesized in different laboratories around the world in order to determine some of their most representative chemical fingerprints and in some cases, to perform a direct comparison of the volatiles produced after a thermal treatment done in conditions similar to the ones used by the ACP experiment. From the information collected, we propose a broad classification of aerosol analogues highlighting the materials that can be more representative of Titan's aerosols in terms of their content of organic volatiles. We identify the laboratory analogs that best suit the ACP results; such identification is of prime importance to correctly predict the optical properties of Titan's aerosol and to accurately estimate their contribution in radiative equilibrium models and/or to assess their role in chemical reactions of astrobiological importance at Titan's surface.
► Final exploitation of Huygens mission Data. ► Intercomparison between in situ results and laboratory investigations. ► Titan's chemistry complexity confirmed. ► Orientation of future laboratory simulations of Titan's gas/particulate chemistry.
Se estudió el valor nutricional de varias algas del género Sargassum. Veinte cabras hembras (Nubia) en crecimiento (43 semanas)se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en dos grupos de 10 cabras y se alojaron ...en corraletas individuales. Un grupo fue alimentado con una dieta testigo elaborada con insumos regionales y el otro con una dieta que incluyó el 25% de Sargassum spp. Durante 60 días se midieron diariamente y en forma individual, el alimento y agua consumidos, el peso corporal se cuantificó cada 15 días. La composición química proximal de Sargassum fue de: 89% materia seca, 7.7% proteína, 31% cenizas, 2% extracto etéreo y 39% de carbohidratos. También se determinaron las fracciones de fibra, minerales, vitaminas, ácidos grasos y factores antinutricios. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el peso corporal (8.6 kg grupo control y 9 kg experimental), alimento consumido (1.31 kg grupo control y 1.6 experimental)y tasa de conversión alimenticia (11.1 grupo control y 12.6 experimental) entre los tratamientos. El consumo de agua fue mayor en el grupo alimentado con la dieta que incluyó Sargassum spp (5.1 l). De los resultados se deduce que las algas marinas de este género pueden ser utilizadas como un forraje alternativo de mediana calidad para el ganado caprino.
We report early optical linear polarization observations of two gamma-ray bursts made with the MASTER robotic telescope network. We found the minimum polarization for GRB 150301B to be 8 per cent at ...the beginning of the initial stage, whereas we detected no polarization for GRB 150413A either at the rising branch or after the burst reached the power-law afterglow stage. This is the earliest measurement of the polarization (in cosmological rest frame) of gamma-ray bursts. The primary intent of the paper is to discover optical emission and publish extremely rare (unique) high-quality light curves of the prompt optical emission of gamma-ray bursts during the non-monotonic stage of their evolution. We report that our team has discovered the optical counterpart of one of the bursts, GRB 150413A.
Diversitat de coleòpters atrets per carronya i fems en una regió ramadera de Tlacuilotepec, Puebla, Mèxic Considerant la importància de conèixer la diversitat de coleòpters copròfags i necròfags de ...la província biogeogràfica de la Sierra Madre Oriental, es va portar a terme aquesta recerca al municipi de Tlacuilotepec, Puebla. Es va seleccionar una àrea que comprengués una zona de cria i pastura de bestiar , adjacent a una zona de bosc conservat, amb la finalitat de comparar la diversitat d'espècies entre tipus d'hàbitat. Es van col·locar sis paranys de caiguda en cada hàbitat durant un període de vuit mesos (de juliol de 2018 a març de 2019). Es van utilitzar dues classes d'esquer: calamars en estat de descomposició per atreure coleòpters necròfags i fems de vaca per atreure coleòpters copròfags. No hi va haver diferències quant a la riquesa d'espècies ni a la diversitat ecològica, però sí un recanvi d'espècies entre els tipus d'hàbitat. Es va detectar un patró nidificat al bosc i un de no nidificat a la zona de cria i pastura de bestiar, la qual cosa indica més varietat en l'ús de recursos de les espècies que es troben al bosc. Cal estudiar més localitats per comprendre la distribució dels coleòpters copronecròfags en tota la província biogeogràfica de la Sierra Madre Oriental.
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