Designing for wellbeing and a better quality of life is a challenge due to individual differences and contextual influences. How a person feels may depend on inner-body and outer-body circumstances. ...Moreover, some places may foster while others hinder wellbeing. The objective of this paper is to identify typical patterns across characteristics of the urban environment, the user's self-reported wellbeing as well as physiological measures as indicators of wellbeing. To this end, we conducted a study with 7 participants in an urban environment covering different kinds of climate zones. In addition to multi-sensor data collection, participants were asked to provide location-specific experience samples with the help of off-the-shelf wrist accessories and a smartphone. The paper at hand presents classification results for the collected data. It furthermore analyzes the limitations of the approach and discusses the potential for future therapeutic applications that enhance the value of urban green by making use of sensory technologies.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents (<20 years of age) during the COVID-19 pandemic (3/2020 to 12/2021) in Germany.
The present study was ...based on the IQVIA longitudinal prescription database (LRx), All persons (age ≤ 20 years) with new insulin prescriptions from 2016 to 2021 (index date) were selected and stratified by age group. Weekly (age-specific) data were used to forecast the prescription incidence for the pandemic period based on pre-pandemic data and to explore the relationship between weekly reported age-specific COVID-19 incidences and type 1 diabetes incidence and rate ratios of observed vs. predicted diabetes incidence respectively.
During the pre-pandemic period, there was a stable higher insulin prescription incidence during the winter period and a lower insulin prescription incidence during summer. During the pandemic period, there was less seasonal variation in incidence related to the finding that the observed incidence during summer in 2002 and 2021 was 44 % and 65 %, higher, respectively, than the expected incidence based on pre-pandemic year. We did not find any cross-correlations between the COVID-19 incidence and the type 1 diabetes incidence for any age group. Likewise, there were no cross-correlations between the COVID-19 incidence and the incidence rate ratios of observed incidences to predicted incidences.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was less seasonal variation in the incidence of type 1 diabetes (defined by new insulin prescriptions), with higher observed than expected incidences during summer. We found no evidence that the increase in type 1 diabetes incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic relates to direct effects of COVID-19 pandemic.
Ice fractures when subject to stress that exceeds the material failure strength. Previous studies have found that a von Mises failure criterion, which places a bound on the second invariant of the ...deviatoric stress tensor, is consistent with empirical data. Other studies have suggested that a scaling effect exists, such that larger sample specimens have a substantially lower failure strength, implying that estimating material strength from laboratory-scale experiments may be insufficient for glacier-scale modeling. In this paper, we analyze the stress conditions in crevasse onset regions to better understand the failure criterion and strength relevant for large-scale modeling. The local deviatoric stress is inferred using surface velocities and reanalysis temperatures, and crevasse onset regions are extracted from a remotely sensed crevasse density map. We project the stress state onto the failure plane spanned by Haigh-Westergaard coordinates, showing how failure depends on mode of stress. We find that existing crevasse data are consistent with a Schmidt-Ishlinsky failure criterion that places a bound on the absolute value of the maximal principal deviatoric stress, estimated to be 158±44 kPa. Although the traditional von Mises failure criterion also provides an adequate fit to the data with a von Mises strength of 265±73 kPa, it depends only on stress magnitude and is indifferent to the specific stress state, unlike Schmidt-Ishlinsky failure which has a larger shear failure strength compared to tensile strength. Implications for large-scale ice flow and fracture modeling are discussed.
Objective
To evaluate the presence of spinal inflammation with and without sacroiliac (SI) joint inflammation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with active nonradiographic axial ...spondyloarthritis (SpA), and to compare the disease characteristics of these subgroups.
Methods
ABILITY‐1 is a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of adalimumab versus placebo in patients with nonradiographic axial SpA classified using the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society axial SpA criteria. Baseline MRIs were centrally scored independently by 2 readers using the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) method for the SI joints and the SPARCC 6–discovertebral unit method for the spine. Positive evidence of inflammation on MRI was defined as a SPARCC score of ≥2 for either the SI joints or the spine.
Results
Among patients with baseline SPARCC scores, 40% had an SI joint score of ≥2 and 52% had a spine score of ≥2. Forty‐nine percent of patients with baseline SI joint scores of <2, and 58% of those with baseline SI joint scores of ≥2, had a spine score of ≥2. Comparison of baseline disease characteristics by baseline SI joint and spine scores showed that a greater proportion of patients in the subgroup with a baseline SPARCC score of ≥2 for both SI joints and spine were male, and patients with spine and SI joint scores of <2 were younger and had shorter symptom duration. SPARCC spine scores correlated with baseline symptom duration, and SI joint scores correlated negatively with the baseline Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, but neither correlated with the baseline Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, total back pain, the patient's global assessment of disease activity, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, morning stiffness, nocturnal pain, or C‐reactive protein level.
Conclusion
Assessment by experienced readers showed that spinal inflammation on MRI might be observed in half of patients with nonradiographic axial SpA without SI joint inflammation.
Aims/hypothesis
Studies on the association between air pollution and metabolic control in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes are rare and findings are inconsistent. We examined the ...relationship between air pollution variables (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm PM
10
, NO
2
and accumulated ozone exposure O
3
-AOT) and metabolic variables (HbA
1c
and daily insulin dose U/kg body weight) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Methods
We investigated 37,372 individuals with type 1 diabetes aged <21 years, documented between 2009 and 2014 in 344 German centres of the prospective diabetes follow-up registry (Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation DPV). Long-term air pollution exposure (annual and quinquennial means) data were linked to participants via the five-digit postcode areas of residency. Cross-sectional multivariable regression analysis was used to examine the association between air pollution and metabolic control.
Results
After comprehensive adjustment, an interquartile range increase in O
3
-AOT was associated with a lower HbA
1c
(−3.7% 95% CI −4.4, −3.0). The inverse association between O
3
-AOT and HbA
1c
persisted after additional adjustment for degree of urbanisation or additional adjustment for PM
10
. Moreover, the inverse association remained stable in further sensitivity analyses. No significant associations between HbA
1c
and PM
10
or NO
2
were found. No association was observed between any of the three air pollutants and insulin dose.
Conclusions/interpretation
The inverse association between O
3
-AOT and HbA
1c
could not be explained by regional differences in diabetes treatment or by other differences between urban and rural areas. Furthermore, our results remained stable in sensitivity analyses. Further studies on the association between air pollution and HbA
1c
in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes are needed to confirm our observed association and to elucidate underlying mechanisms.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Der Artikel befasst sich mit der Untersuchung von beruflichen Anforderungen sowie psychischen Beanspruchungen in der Physiotherapie durch die Arbeit im 20-min-Takt.
...Fragestellung
Wird die Arbeit im 20-min-Takt mit höheren beruflichen Anforderungen assoziiert? Geht die Arbeit im 20-min-Takt mit höheren psychischen Beanspruchungen einher? Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen höheren beruflichen Anforderungen und höheren psychischen Beanspruchungen?
Material und Methode
Online-Befragung von PhysiotherapeutInnen (
n
= 8378) in ganz Deutschland mit dem „Copenhagen Psychological Questionnaire“. Die Daten (
n
= 753) wurden uni-, bi- und multivariat analysiert.
Ergebnisse
Basierend auf univariaten Analysen werden quantitative und emotionale Anforderungen von PhysiotherapeutInnen als hoch bewertet. Im Vergleich zu anderen Berufsgruppen ist der Gedanke an eine Berufsaufgabe deutlich häufiger im Bereich der Physiotherapie zu erkennen. In der multivariaten Analyse zeigt sich, dass hohe berufliche Anforderungen mit hohen psychischen Belastungen assoziiert werden.
Schlussfolgerung
Es ist eine Reduzierung der beruflichen Anforderungen notwendig, um die psychischen Belastungen zu reduzieren. Zudem ist zu klären, inwiefern gesundheitsfördernde bzw. präventive Maßnahmen für diese Berufsgruppe einsetzbar sind.
Purpose
In Germany, record linkage of claims and cancer registry data is cost‐ and time‐consuming, since up until recently no unique personal identifier was available in both data sources. The aim of ...this study was to evaluate the feasibility and performance of a deterministic linkage procedure based on indirect personal identifiers included in the data sources.
Methods
We identified users of glucose‐lowering drugs with residence in four federal states in Northern and Southern Germany (Bavaria, Bremen, Hamburg, Lower Saxony) in the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD) and assessed colorectal and thyroid cancer cases. Cancer registries of the federal states selected all colorectal and thyroid cancer cases between 2004 and 2015. A deterministic linkage approach was performed based on indirect personal identifiers such as year of birth, sex, area of residence, type of cancer and an absolute difference between the dates of cancer diagnosis in both data sources of at most 90 days. Results were compared to a probabilistic linkage using “direct” personal identifiers (gold standard).
Results
The deterministic linkage procedure yielded a sensitivity of 71.8% for colorectal cancer and 66.6% for thyroid cancer. For thyroid cancer, the sensitivity improved when using only inpatient diagnosis to define cancer in GePaRD (71.4%). Specificity was always above 99%. Using the probabilistic linkage to define cancer cases, the risk for colorectal cancer was estimated 10 percentage points lower than when using the deterministic approach.
Conclusions
Sensitivity of the deterministic linkage approach appears to be too low to be considered as reasonable alternative to the probabilistic linkage procedure.
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