1 Unité de virologie, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, route de l'Institut Pasteur, BP 1274, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
2 Unité de virologie, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, 5 boulevard Monivong, BP ...983, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
3 Centro Colaborador da OMS para Referência e Pesquisa em Arbovírus, Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVS/MS, Av. Almirante Barroso, 492, 66093-020 Belém, Pará, Brazil
4 Centre Collaborateur OMS de Référence et de Recherche sur les arbovirus, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36 Avenue Pasteur, BP 220, Dakar, Senegal
Correspondence Jean-Marc Reynes jmreynes{at}pasteur.mg
Herpesviruses have previously been isolated from African and South-American bats. Recently, herpesviruses detected from European insectivorous bats (family Vespertilionidae) were classified molecularly as betaherpesviruses and gammaherpesviruses. In the current study, we performed PCR analyses targeting the UL30 catalytic subunit region of the DNA polymerase gene of the African and South American herpesviruses and new Malagasy and Cambodian herpesviruses isolated from bats, especially frugivorous bats from the families Pteropodidae and Phyllostomidae. The sequences obtained from the amplified products indicated that these isolates belonged to the genus Simplexvirus of the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae . These results extend the taxonomic range of bat herpesviruses with the description of four members in the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae . Furthermore, these data confirm and extend the geographical distribution of herpesvirus in bats to three more continents (Africa, South America and Asia) and indicate the presence of these viruses in frugivorous bats of the families Pteropodidae and Phyllostomidae.
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the sequences generated in this study are FJ040877–FJ040891.
Published online ahead of print on 23 October 2008 as DOI 10.1099/vir.0.2008/006825-0.
Four poliomyelitis outbreaks caused by vaccine-derived polioviruses have been reported recently, including one in Madagascar in 2002. In all cases, the viral strains involved were recombinant between ...poliovirus vaccine strains and nonpoliovirus strains, probably enterovirus species C. Nevertheless, little is known about the circulation and epidemiology of enteroviruses in the regions where these outbreaks occurred. To assess the circulation of enteroviruses (particularly enterovirus species C) in Madagascar, we genetically characterized 55 enterovirus strains isolated between 1994 and 2002. The strains were identified and compared by partially sequencing the region encoding the VP1 capsid protein. Phylogenetic analysis and pairwise comparison with prototype enterovirus strains distinguished two different species: 25 isolates belonged to human enterovirus B species, and 30 isolates were identified as coxsackievirus A13, A15, A17, A18, A20, A21, and A24, belonging to the human enterovirus species C. The relatively high frequency and the wide distribution of species C coxsackie A viruses in different regions of Madagascar suggest that they had been silently and widely circulating in the country during the whole study period. The circulation of coxsackie A viruses, combined with the low routine oral polio vaccine coverage, may have played a role in the emergence of the recent outbreak in Madagascar.
Subtype determination and detection of drug resistant-associated mutations (DRM) were performed on 31 HIV-1 Western blot-positive sera during the 2005 second-generation HIV surveillance in ...Madagascar. Amplification and sequencing of at least one of the partial reverse transcriptase, protease, and partial envelope genes were successful for all strains. All three gene sequences were obtained for 28 strains. A high degree of subtype or circulating recombinant forms (CRF) was observed for these 28 strains: A-A1 (eight cases), CRF02_AG (six cases), B (five cases), C (three cases), CRF06_cpx (three cases), CRF10_CD, BC()CRF, and unique RF (one case each). According to the ANRS September 2005 DRM list and algorithm, no DRM was detected in the reverse transcriptase and only one strain bore three major DRM in the protease M46I, I84V, and L90M leading to resistance to indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, atazanavir/ritonavir, and possibly lopinavir.
HIV type 1 diversity in the Seychelles Razafindratsimandresy, Richter; Hollanda, Justina; Soares, Jean-Louis ...
AIDS research and human retroviruses,
06/2007, Letnik:
23, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Subtype determination and drug resistance-associated mutations (DRM) detection were performed on 40 HIV-1 Western blot-positive sera detected, obtained from consecutive patients resident in the ...Seychelles and consulting the Communicable Disease Control Unit, HIV reference center, in Victoria Hospital (Mahe) from October 2005 to June 2006. Amplification and sequencing of at least two of the partial reverse transcriptase, protease, and partial envelope genes were successful for all strains. All three genes sequences were obtained for 39 strains. A high degree of subtype or circulating recombinant forms (CRF) was observed for these 39 strains: A-A1 (17 cases), C (10 cases), B (8 cases), CRF02_AG (2 cases), D (1 case) and CRF01_AE (1 case). According to the ANRS 2006 DRM list and algorithm, none of the 40 isolates was found to be resistant to any protease or reverse transcriptase inhibitors.
The differentiation of the vaccine or wild origin of Poliovirus at the laboratory is an important step towards the process of the poliomyelitis eradication. We report herein the results obtained from ...Poliovirus types 3 and 2, isolated in Madagascar in 1997 and 2002 from healthy children and cases of acute flaccid paralysis, respectively. The technique used is based on the amplification of genome (RT-PCR), followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism assay (RFLP), performed in 3 different regions of the genome. In the capsid region (VP3-VP1 and VP1-2A), RFLP analysis allowed us to differentiate without ambiguity the wild or vaccine origin of the Poliovirus type 3, and to identify Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus (VDPV) type 2. In the noncapsid region, including the RNA polymerase and 3' non coding region (3Dpol-3' NTR), the VDPV were found to be recombinant with other Enteroviruses. These results confirm that RFLP assay is a reliable tool for intratypic differentiation and to study the genetic drift and recombination of Poliovirus.
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